自考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)資料(31)

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3 虛擬語氣在表語從句中的用法。
    當(dāng)主語為advice,suggestion,order,proposal等詞時(shí)后接表語從句,表語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),表示某人建議、勸告、命令等的內(nèi)容。如:
    My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說英語。
    The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.司令官的命令是部隊(duì)立即開拔去前線。
    4.特殊的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。
    (1)虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中
    由as if 或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時(shí),從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。動(dòng)詞形式用動(dòng)詞的過去式(be→were)或had+過去分詞。如:
    The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child.這位老師帶這位學(xué)生就象她的親生孩子一樣。
    He speaks as if he had been to the United States.他說得好象他真的到過美國(guó)似的。
    (2)在It is time (that) …; I'd rather (that)…句型中從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞的過去式表示虛擬語氣,意思是“該干某事了,時(shí)間已經(jīng)有些晚了”“我寧愿/希望”。如:
    It is time that we did something to stop pollution.該我們做些什么制止污染的時(shí)候了。
    It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten.該父親去幼兒園接莉莉的時(shí)候了。
    I'd rather you told me the truth.我真希望你告訴我真相。
    I'd rather I didn't see you again.我寧愿不再見著你。
    (3)虛擬語氣用在簡(jiǎn)單句中
    a 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣,常用于日常會(huì)話中。如:
    Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?請(qǐng)你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎?
    It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你別熬夜到很晚。
    b在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中。如:
    You'd better set off now.你現(xiàn)在就出發(fā)。
    I'd rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告訴你這個(gè)秘密。
    c用 “may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此時(shí)may須置于句首(多用于正式文體中)。如:
    May good luck be yours!祝你好運(yùn)!
    May you be happy!祝你快樂!
    May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!
    用動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
    Long live the people! 人民萬歲!
    “God bless you,” said the priest.牧師說:“愿上帝保佑你!”
    5.虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的用法
    在名詞advice,suggestion,order,proposal等后接的同位語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣,起形式為 “(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”,說明“建議”,“勸告”,“命令”等的具體內(nèi)容。如:
    The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time.提前兩天完成工作的命令傳來了。
    Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on.她勉強(qiáng)接受了他們要她去接受手術(shù)的建議。
    (一)主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣(混合條件句)
    有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作,發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。如:
    If you had followed my advice,you would be able to finish the work now.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽了我的話,現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。(從句說明過去,主句說明現(xiàn)在。)
    If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你,我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。(從句說明現(xiàn)在,主句說明過去。)
    If you hadn't lent me some money,I couldn't have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借錢給我,我不可能買下這幢新房,很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。(從句說明過去,主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。)
    (二)含蓄條件句
    非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來,只暗含在上下文中,這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況;
    1. 條件暗含在短語中。如:
    (1)W hat would I have done without you? 如沒有你,我會(huì)怎么辦呢?(條件暗含在分詞短語without you中)
    (2) It would be easier to do it this way. 這樣做會(huì)比較容易。(條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way中)
    (3) This same thing,happening in wartime,would lead to a disaster. 同樣的事,如發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí),就會(huì)釀成大禍。(條件暗含在分詞短語happening in wartime中)
    (4) But for your help we couldn't have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助,我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功。 (暗含條件是but for your help)
    (5) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus,or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河馬,否則他絕不會(huì)擊敗那只龐大的野獸。(暗含條件是連詞or)
    (6) Alone,he would have been terrified. 如是單獨(dú)一人,他是會(huì)感到害怕的。(暗含條件是alone)
    2. 條件暗含在上下文中。如:
    (7) You might stay her forever. 你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
    (8) We would have succeeded. 我們本來是會(huì)成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)
    (9) Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名譽(yù)會(huì)敗壞的。(可能暗含if you should accept it)
    (10) I would appreciate a little of your time. 謝謝你給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)