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2021考研英語：必考核心詞匯練習(xí)十一
essential
a.本質(zhì)的，基本的;凈化的 n.本質(zhì);要素
【例】Both induction and deduction are essential characteristics of rational thinking.歸納與推論都是理性思維的重要特征。
【派生】essentially ad.本質(zhì)上;基本上
【構(gòu)詞】ess(存在)+-ential(形容詞后綴)→賴以存在的→本質(zhì)的
【真題】If er intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any for any type of meal to be served.
如果我們想請(qǐng)朋友吃飯 ，我們得設(shè)計(jì)菜單，做一張購物單，決定先做什么食物，這些計(jì)劃對(duì)任何情況下的請(qǐng)客都是必須的。
peculiar
a.古怪的，異常的;特殊的，特有的
【例】The artificial earth satellites occupy a peculiar intermediate position between science and technology.人造地球衛(wèi)星在科學(xué)和技術(shù)之間占有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的中介地位。
【同義替換】bizarre, odd, eccentric, characteristic, special
【派生】peculiarity n.獨(dú)特性，特質(zhì)，怪癖 peculiarly ad.古怪地，怪癖地，異常地
【真題】Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
而且，人類有能力去改變他們所生存的環(huán)境，從而使所有其他的生物服從于他們奇怪的想法和幻想。
mutual
a.相互的，彼此的;共同的，共有的
【例】The ever-growing exchange in the cultural field has promoted the mutual learning between Asian and European cultures.文化領(lǐng)域交往的不斷發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了亞歐文明的相互學(xué)習(xí)。
【同義替換】reciprocal, common, collective
【派生】mutually ad.相互地;共同地
【真題】Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.
對(duì)商業(yè)方法專利申請(qǐng)的限制將會(huì)是一個(gè)戲劇性的轉(zhuǎn)變，因?yàn)檫@一專利權(quán)正是聯(lián)邦巡回法院在1998年時(shí)判決所謂的“美國道富銀行”案件時(shí)引入的，該判決支持集資共有基金資產(chǎn)的方式。