Passage 13There were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain rather than in France, the other great powers of the day. In the first place, Britain had the money necessary to finance the larger enterprises. England's supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing wealth through there commerce and industry. The newly rich class in that country were not the aristocratic group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing to devote themselves to industry and scientific agriculture. The wealth of France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility, and they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry. In the second place, Great Britain had undertaken very early the manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which there would be ever-growing demand from the people, especially the new middle class. On the other hard, France produced articles in the luxury class. These could never be turned out in quantities because they demanded individuality. England was the producer of goods that were produced in quantities, and if she could find a cheaper means of producing them, her markets would grow. So she was ready for methods that would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities. In the third place, for a long time England had large numbers of semiskilled workers. When the feudal system broke down in England and the manors were turned to sheep raising, numbers of Englishmen went to the towns. There they engaged in weaving, making shows, wood carving and many other occupations that developed skills. When the industrial revolution began, these men were available for the work on the new machines. Moreover they were free men who could move from place to place as the need for workers arose. This had not been the case in France, which was still chiefly an agricultural country with peasants bound to their masters in many ways so they could not easily move to the cities. In the fourth place, coal was abundant in Great Britain, and a large amount of this cheap fuel was necessary for ruing the factories. There was coal in northern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources because really everyone depended directly or indirectly on farming for his living.
Britain had the money necessary to develop industry because _____.[ANSWER]
A)Britain was much wealthier than France at that time
B)Britain government encouraged the development of industry
C)The merchants and businessmen were willing to fiancee the industry
D)The aristocratic group was willing to develop the industry
According to the passage,French people attached importance to _____.[ANSWER]
A)the quantities of the articles
B)the individuality of the articles
C)the practicality of the articles
D)the price of the articles
Which of the following statements is true?[ANSWER]
A)The wealth of France was largely in the hands of new middle class.
B)French people were bound to the new machines.
C)France was more likely to produce goods in qualities.
D)France could not get free workers necessary to the industry.
When the industrial revolution began,Englishmen _____.[ANSWER]
A)were busy amassing wealth through commerce and industry
B)had found a cheaper means of producing goods needed in qualities
C)depended on farming for their living
D)could move from plae to place as the need for workers arose
What can be inferred from the passage?[ANSWER]
A)The demand for luxury goods was limited.
B)Industrial Revolution was the result of the interaction of various factors.
C)French people farming to industry and commerce.
D)Coal was very important to people's life.
Passage 14The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty-not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took root and have continued to grow. To this extent, the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed upon us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely --- after three hundred years of unceasing effort. Even the system of trial by jury, in spite of its enormous value, came to us with burdensome, outworn ideas and unnecessary precautions, on the one hand, and with no adequate means of adaptation to changing conditions, on the other. For one thing, in the early days it was assumed that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror's impartiality. At that time, when means of communication were few and slow, there was something to be said for the idea; but today, when means of communication were abundant and almost instantaneous, ignorance of the facts is evidence, not of impartiality, but of extraordinary stupidity, or of extraordinary indifference. The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is, therefore, a rule that operates against, not for the effort to fill the jury box with honest men of ordinary intelligence. It has become so hopeless, indeed, that the courts literally ceased long ago trying to enforce it. It is, nevertheless, still a theoretical part of the system.
The passage is main about _____.[ANSWER]
A)the seeds of American literty
B)the system of trial by jury
C)a theoretical weakness of the jury system
D)the changing conditions in the jury system
The inheritance of English law brought with it _____.[ANSWER]
A)the seeds of American literty
B)the flower and fruit of American literty
C)some ideas and precautions which were useless
D)both A and C
The assumption that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror's impartiality _____.[ANSWER]
A)was reasonable neither in the past nor at present
B)was extraordinary stupid or indifferent
C)is not valid under the changing conditions
D)has been proved reasonable
The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is _____.[ANSWER]
A)no longer a theoretical part of the system
B)no longer strictly enforced
C)against the theoretical basis
D)still strictly enfore
Which of the following statements is true?[ANSWER]
A)The rules of the trial system should be more flexible to adapt to the changing conditions.
B)The members of the jury should be of extraordinary intelligance.
C)Ignorance of the facts on the part of a juror today is evidence of impartiality.
D)When means of communication had proved abundant,there was nothing to be said for the idea.
Passage 15The kind of music, song, and dance a people generates, with its characteristic rhythm and beat, forms one of the best indexes of its cultural style, and in America, the dominant musical styles are blues, swing and jazz. The lyrics to this music are often foolishly sentimental and sometimes non-sensical, but frequently they embody a wild and earthy humor, or a sad and tragic strain. As distinguished from most American popular tunes, American hot music is not written to be danced to. Yet there is an internal beat in jazz which relates deeply to dance: the movements of the body interpret the music's intent better than words can. When there is dancing, however, the dances break away from a formal pattern and, at their bat, keep with the improvisation (即興) of the music. Unlike earlier American folk dances, which are collective, so-called ballroom dancing is performed by couples. Each couple is comparatively alone, not being well enough acquainted with the other couples on the dance floor to join them. But, in the swing dancing, as the music mounts the partners separate to execute complicated solo variations and then rejoin each other. As the music approaches one of its climaxes, the dancers pay the musicians the tribute (贊美) of gathering around to cheer them on. In popular dance and music, Americans come closer to reaching a native idiom of religious feeling than they do in any other aspect of their lives.
The main idea of the passage is that _____.[ANSWER]
A)popular dance and music are an important aspect of American life
B)the American hot music is different from most American popular tunes
C)modern dancing is different from earlier American folk dances
D)all of the above
The difference between American hot music and most American popular tunes is that _____.[ANSWER]
A)the lyrics to hot music are nonsensical
B)most American popular tunes are written to be danced to
C)there is not internal beat in hot music
D)hot music can not be interpreted by dance
According to the passage,the swing dancing _____.[ANSWER]
A)collective
B)performed by couples
C)individual improvising
D)gathering around the musician
Which is the relationship between jazz and dance?[ANSWER]
A)Both the music and the dance have formal pattern.
B)The dances always keep the music to interpret it.
C)Jazz has nothing to do with dance.
D)Jazz can be interpreted by dance,though not so well as by words.
In the swing dancing,the musicians _____.[ANSWER]
A)cheer the dancers on
B)gather around the dancers
C)execute complicated variations
D)were gathered around by the dancers
Passage 16What are the specific traits that will assist executives to climb the ladder of success? Opinions vary widely. Given approximately equal qualifications and circumstances, some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck — being in the right place at the right time. Others speak of an almost crazy devotion to work, combined with a degree of ruthlessness. One "expert" maintains that it's undoubtedly a matter of how much education your mother had.
To make it big, executives must possess four basic skills:
First, drive. Business success takes an unusual amount of energy. A successful executive — almost by definition — is a striver. He will get tense when he is not striving.
Second, people sense. Some say being able to judge people is more important than a high IQ. The skill can be instinctual(本能的), but in most cases it is painstakingly learned.
Third, communications ability. Different executives make themselves understood in different ways. Some transmit ideas best face to face; others are masters of the telephone call; still others are persuasive writers. One way or another, they all communicate clearly.
Fourth, calm under pressure. No businessman will get very far if he chokes up.
Some people claim that besides hard work,the success also requires _____.[ANSWER]
A)equal qualifications
B)specific traits
C)much education
D)a degree of cruelty
According to the passage,a high IQ is _____.[ANSWER]
A)instinctual
B)painstakingly learnt
C)inborn
D)more trivial than people sense
The successful executives must _____.[ANSWER]
A)transmit ideas face to face
B)depend on telephones
C)be persuasive writers
D)express themselves distinctly
Which of the following statements is TRUE?[ANSWER]
A)Every businessman possesses these four skills.
B)When a triver stops his devotion to work,he will feel quite at ease.
C)These basic skills are not instinctual at all.
D)Mother's education has undoubted effect on her child's success.
What's the main idea of the passage?[ANSWER]
A)Four skills for successful executives.
B)Some opinions about the success.
C)Specific traits for successful executives.
D)Qualifications and circumstances for climbing the ladder.
Passage 17Is there a "success personality" — some winning combination of qualities that leads almost inevitably to achievement? If so, exactly what is that secret success formula, and can anyone develop it?
At the Gallop Organization we recently focused in depth on success, probing the attitudes of 1500 prominent people selected at random from who's who in America. Our research finds out a number of qualities that occur regularly among top achievers. Here is one of the most important, that is common sense.
Common sense is the most prevailing quality possessed by our respondents. Seventy-nine percent award themselves a top score in this quality. And 61 percent say that common sense was very important in contributing to their success.
To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to sweep aside extra ideas and get right to the core of what matters. A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way: " The key ability for success is simplifying. In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry reducing a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important."
Is common sense a quality a person is born with, or can you do something to increase it? The oil man's answer is that common sense can definitely be developed. He attributes his to learning how to debate in school. Another way to increase your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their — and your own — mistakes.
Besides common sense, there are many other factors that influence success: knowing your field, self-reliance, intelligence, the ability to get things done, leadership, creativity, relationships with others, and of course, luck. But common sense stands out. If you develop these qualities, you'll succeed. And you might even find yourself listed in who's who someday.
It can be known from the passage that who's who _____.[ANSWER]
A)is a very useful book telling us how to succeed
B)is a book providing us with the information about the family life of some famous people
C)is a book rpoviding us with the names and brief biographies of the top successful people
D)is a book from which we can find out the names of different peoples in the world
According to the author,common sense _____.[ANSWER]
A)is something that common people like best
B)is a popular quality a person is born with
C)is something that enables one to form correct opinions
D)is a quality that is possessed by common people
It can be inferred from the passage that a successful businessman _____.[ANSWER]
A)tries to get experience through practice
B)pays attention to the essence of a problem when he tries to solve it
C)keeps on learning in order to be successful
D)has strong willpower,extensive interest and intelligence
The passage is mainly concerned with _____.[ANSWER]
A)organizational ability and good work habits
B)the way to obtain big profits and achieve fame and success
C)knowledge and interest which are primary to success
D)what successful people have in common
According to the author,how to develop one's common sense?[ANSWER]
A)To become a businessman.
B)To learn how to debate and learn from mistakes.
C)To become famous.
D)To be simplifying.
Passage 18The New World to which Columbus came at the end of the fifteenth century was not, as we are tempted to believe, a wholly savage and untamed place. The people lacked some of the basis of European civilization, it is true, for instance, horses were unknown to them, and they had never discovered the use of wheel. But there were many accomplishments to offset such handicaps. In the political domain these original American, as early as the tenth century, were building mighty empires; and in realm of intellectual achievements, they developed a cosmographic (宇宙學(xué)的) science dealing with the constitution of the whole order of nature that was fat superior to that of Europe. It would be a mistake, however, to believe that the New World, as a whole, was an oasis of civilization in the European sense of the term. America had many faces, and to its conquerors it offered a variety of as pats. Christopher Columbus, when be went ashore on the island of San Salvador --- one of the Bahamas --- was greeted by the lucayas, an agricultural and artistic people who typified the "noble savage" of popular legend. The Spaniards, on the other hand, were shortly to meet a completely different sort of native, the human-eating Caribbean. Such diversity is reflected in the history of the pre-Columbian New World, a history so complex that it had taken historians almost five centuries of study in order to find out its main lines.
According to the first paragraph,the people living in the American before the arrival of Columbus,were rather _____.[ANSWER]
A)savage and primitive
B)inferior in intelligence
C)advanced in technology
D)sophisticated politically
We can infer from the passage that before Columbus arived in the new World _____.[ANSWER]
A)there were no wagons pulled by horses
B)animals were not used to carry loads
C)polotical systems were very elementary
D)theories on the nature of the universe were unknown
According to the passage,the American of the tenth century _____.[ANSWER]
A)has made no progress in art and agriculture
B)had developed the science of biology
C)were typically like the legendary "noble savage"
D)were highly civilized
When the author says the "America had many faces",he probably means that the people _____.[ANSWER]
A)had a variety of facial characteristics
B)came from many different racial background
C)were sometimes barbaric but wished to be civilized
D)were at various levels of cultural development
We can infer from the passage that pre-Columbian history _____.
A)is centered on the past five centuries
B)has been a challenge to scholars
C)reflects a single line of development
D)has been studied in depth only recently
Britain had the money necessary to develop industry because _____.[ANSWER]
A)Britain was much wealthier than France at that time
B)Britain government encouraged the development of industry
C)The merchants and businessmen were willing to fiancee the industry
D)The aristocratic group was willing to develop the industry
According to the passage,French people attached importance to _____.[ANSWER]
A)the quantities of the articles
B)the individuality of the articles
C)the practicality of the articles
D)the price of the articles
Which of the following statements is true?[ANSWER]
A)The wealth of France was largely in the hands of new middle class.
B)French people were bound to the new machines.
C)France was more likely to produce goods in qualities.
D)France could not get free workers necessary to the industry.
When the industrial revolution began,Englishmen _____.[ANSWER]
A)were busy amassing wealth through commerce and industry
B)had found a cheaper means of producing goods needed in qualities
C)depended on farming for their living
D)could move from plae to place as the need for workers arose
What can be inferred from the passage?[ANSWER]
A)The demand for luxury goods was limited.
B)Industrial Revolution was the result of the interaction of various factors.
C)French people farming to industry and commerce.
D)Coal was very important to people's life.
Passage 14The heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty-not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, the seeds were there and they sprouted, took root and have continued to grow. To this extent, the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed upon us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely --- after three hundred years of unceasing effort. Even the system of trial by jury, in spite of its enormous value, came to us with burdensome, outworn ideas and unnecessary precautions, on the one hand, and with no adequate means of adaptation to changing conditions, on the other. For one thing, in the early days it was assumed that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror's impartiality. At that time, when means of communication were few and slow, there was something to be said for the idea; but today, when means of communication were abundant and almost instantaneous, ignorance of the facts is evidence, not of impartiality, but of extraordinary stupidity, or of extraordinary indifference. The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is, therefore, a rule that operates against, not for the effort to fill the jury box with honest men of ordinary intelligence. It has become so hopeless, indeed, that the courts literally ceased long ago trying to enforce it. It is, nevertheless, still a theoretical part of the system.
The passage is main about _____.[ANSWER]
A)the seeds of American literty
B)the system of trial by jury
C)a theoretical weakness of the jury system
D)the changing conditions in the jury system
The inheritance of English law brought with it _____.[ANSWER]
A)the seeds of American literty
B)the flower and fruit of American literty
C)some ideas and precautions which were useless
D)both A and C
The assumption that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror's impartiality _____.[ANSWER]
A)was reasonable neither in the past nor at present
B)was extraordinary stupid or indifferent
C)is not valid under the changing conditions
D)has been proved reasonable
The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is _____.[ANSWER]
A)no longer a theoretical part of the system
B)no longer strictly enforced
C)against the theoretical basis
D)still strictly enfore
Which of the following statements is true?[ANSWER]
A)The rules of the trial system should be more flexible to adapt to the changing conditions.
B)The members of the jury should be of extraordinary intelligance.
C)Ignorance of the facts on the part of a juror today is evidence of impartiality.
D)When means of communication had proved abundant,there was nothing to be said for the idea.
Passage 15The kind of music, song, and dance a people generates, with its characteristic rhythm and beat, forms one of the best indexes of its cultural style, and in America, the dominant musical styles are blues, swing and jazz. The lyrics to this music are often foolishly sentimental and sometimes non-sensical, but frequently they embody a wild and earthy humor, or a sad and tragic strain. As distinguished from most American popular tunes, American hot music is not written to be danced to. Yet there is an internal beat in jazz which relates deeply to dance: the movements of the body interpret the music's intent better than words can. When there is dancing, however, the dances break away from a formal pattern and, at their bat, keep with the improvisation (即興) of the music. Unlike earlier American folk dances, which are collective, so-called ballroom dancing is performed by couples. Each couple is comparatively alone, not being well enough acquainted with the other couples on the dance floor to join them. But, in the swing dancing, as the music mounts the partners separate to execute complicated solo variations and then rejoin each other. As the music approaches one of its climaxes, the dancers pay the musicians the tribute (贊美) of gathering around to cheer them on. In popular dance and music, Americans come closer to reaching a native idiom of religious feeling than they do in any other aspect of their lives.
The main idea of the passage is that _____.[ANSWER]
A)popular dance and music are an important aspect of American life
B)the American hot music is different from most American popular tunes
C)modern dancing is different from earlier American folk dances
D)all of the above
The difference between American hot music and most American popular tunes is that _____.[ANSWER]
A)the lyrics to hot music are nonsensical
B)most American popular tunes are written to be danced to
C)there is not internal beat in hot music
D)hot music can not be interpreted by dance
According to the passage,the swing dancing _____.[ANSWER]
A)collective
B)performed by couples
C)individual improvising
D)gathering around the musician
Which is the relationship between jazz and dance?[ANSWER]
A)Both the music and the dance have formal pattern.
B)The dances always keep the music to interpret it.
C)Jazz has nothing to do with dance.
D)Jazz can be interpreted by dance,though not so well as by words.
In the swing dancing,the musicians _____.[ANSWER]
A)cheer the dancers on
B)gather around the dancers
C)execute complicated variations
D)were gathered around by the dancers
Passage 16What are the specific traits that will assist executives to climb the ladder of success? Opinions vary widely. Given approximately equal qualifications and circumstances, some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck — being in the right place at the right time. Others speak of an almost crazy devotion to work, combined with a degree of ruthlessness. One "expert" maintains that it's undoubtedly a matter of how much education your mother had.
To make it big, executives must possess four basic skills:
First, drive. Business success takes an unusual amount of energy. A successful executive — almost by definition — is a striver. He will get tense when he is not striving.
Second, people sense. Some say being able to judge people is more important than a high IQ. The skill can be instinctual(本能的), but in most cases it is painstakingly learned.
Third, communications ability. Different executives make themselves understood in different ways. Some transmit ideas best face to face; others are masters of the telephone call; still others are persuasive writers. One way or another, they all communicate clearly.
Fourth, calm under pressure. No businessman will get very far if he chokes up.
Some people claim that besides hard work,the success also requires _____.[ANSWER]
A)equal qualifications
B)specific traits
C)much education
D)a degree of cruelty
According to the passage,a high IQ is _____.[ANSWER]
A)instinctual
B)painstakingly learnt
C)inborn
D)more trivial than people sense
The successful executives must _____.[ANSWER]
A)transmit ideas face to face
B)depend on telephones
C)be persuasive writers
D)express themselves distinctly
Which of the following statements is TRUE?[ANSWER]
A)Every businessman possesses these four skills.
B)When a triver stops his devotion to work,he will feel quite at ease.
C)These basic skills are not instinctual at all.
D)Mother's education has undoubted effect on her child's success.
What's the main idea of the passage?[ANSWER]
A)Four skills for successful executives.
B)Some opinions about the success.
C)Specific traits for successful executives.
D)Qualifications and circumstances for climbing the ladder.
Passage 17Is there a "success personality" — some winning combination of qualities that leads almost inevitably to achievement? If so, exactly what is that secret success formula, and can anyone develop it?
At the Gallop Organization we recently focused in depth on success, probing the attitudes of 1500 prominent people selected at random from who's who in America. Our research finds out a number of qualities that occur regularly among top achievers. Here is one of the most important, that is common sense.
Common sense is the most prevailing quality possessed by our respondents. Seventy-nine percent award themselves a top score in this quality. And 61 percent say that common sense was very important in contributing to their success.
To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to sweep aside extra ideas and get right to the core of what matters. A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way: " The key ability for success is simplifying. In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry reducing a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important."
Is common sense a quality a person is born with, or can you do something to increase it? The oil man's answer is that common sense can definitely be developed. He attributes his to learning how to debate in school. Another way to increase your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their — and your own — mistakes.
Besides common sense, there are many other factors that influence success: knowing your field, self-reliance, intelligence, the ability to get things done, leadership, creativity, relationships with others, and of course, luck. But common sense stands out. If you develop these qualities, you'll succeed. And you might even find yourself listed in who's who someday.
It can be known from the passage that who's who _____.[ANSWER]
A)is a very useful book telling us how to succeed
B)is a book providing us with the information about the family life of some famous people
C)is a book rpoviding us with the names and brief biographies of the top successful people
D)is a book from which we can find out the names of different peoples in the world
According to the author,common sense _____.[ANSWER]
A)is something that common people like best
B)is a popular quality a person is born with
C)is something that enables one to form correct opinions
D)is a quality that is possessed by common people
It can be inferred from the passage that a successful businessman _____.[ANSWER]
A)tries to get experience through practice
B)pays attention to the essence of a problem when he tries to solve it
C)keeps on learning in order to be successful
D)has strong willpower,extensive interest and intelligence
The passage is mainly concerned with _____.[ANSWER]
A)organizational ability and good work habits
B)the way to obtain big profits and achieve fame and success
C)knowledge and interest which are primary to success
D)what successful people have in common
According to the author,how to develop one's common sense?[ANSWER]
A)To become a businessman.
B)To learn how to debate and learn from mistakes.
C)To become famous.
D)To be simplifying.
Passage 18The New World to which Columbus came at the end of the fifteenth century was not, as we are tempted to believe, a wholly savage and untamed place. The people lacked some of the basis of European civilization, it is true, for instance, horses were unknown to them, and they had never discovered the use of wheel. But there were many accomplishments to offset such handicaps. In the political domain these original American, as early as the tenth century, were building mighty empires; and in realm of intellectual achievements, they developed a cosmographic (宇宙學(xué)的) science dealing with the constitution of the whole order of nature that was fat superior to that of Europe. It would be a mistake, however, to believe that the New World, as a whole, was an oasis of civilization in the European sense of the term. America had many faces, and to its conquerors it offered a variety of as pats. Christopher Columbus, when be went ashore on the island of San Salvador --- one of the Bahamas --- was greeted by the lucayas, an agricultural and artistic people who typified the "noble savage" of popular legend. The Spaniards, on the other hand, were shortly to meet a completely different sort of native, the human-eating Caribbean. Such diversity is reflected in the history of the pre-Columbian New World, a history so complex that it had taken historians almost five centuries of study in order to find out its main lines.
According to the first paragraph,the people living in the American before the arrival of Columbus,were rather _____.[ANSWER]
A)savage and primitive
B)inferior in intelligence
C)advanced in technology
D)sophisticated politically
We can infer from the passage that before Columbus arived in the new World _____.[ANSWER]
A)there were no wagons pulled by horses
B)animals were not used to carry loads
C)polotical systems were very elementary
D)theories on the nature of the universe were unknown
According to the passage,the American of the tenth century _____.[ANSWER]
A)has made no progress in art and agriculture
B)had developed the science of biology
C)were typically like the legendary "noble savage"
D)were highly civilized
When the author says the "America had many faces",he probably means that the people _____.[ANSWER]
A)had a variety of facial characteristics
B)came from many different racial background
C)were sometimes barbaric but wished to be civilized
D)were at various levels of cultural development
We can infer from the passage that pre-Columbian history _____.
A)is centered on the past five centuries
B)has been a challenge to scholars
C)reflects a single line of development
D)has been studied in depth only recently