PETS考試閱讀中如何猜詞義

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在PETS閱讀中,無論是哪一個(gè)級(jí)別的考試中,我們往往會(huì)遇到一些不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或短語,或者認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞在文章中有了新意義。如果這些詞或短語不影響對文章主要內(nèi)容的理解,我們便可以將它們略過,繼續(xù)閱讀。如果了解這些詞語的意思對正確理解文章很重要,這時(shí),我們就必須根據(jù)上下文的聯(lián)系,對它們的意義進(jìn)行猜測,使之不影響對整篇文章的閱讀和理解。
    需要注意的是,一個(gè)單詞通常有好幾個(gè)意思,我們要解決的是這些詞在文中所表達(dá)的意思。因此,不可脫離上下文,只根據(jù)自己以前了解的詞義來確定其意義。通常,猜測詞義可采用以下幾種方法:
    一、利用所出現(xiàn)生詞的上下文與其意義上的聯(lián)系或下文進(jìn)一步的敘述,猜測詞義。
    例一:The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.如不知道vampire的詞義,從下文lives on blood(靠吸血而生存)則可得知其詞義為吸血昆蟲。
    例二:The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.如不知道spectacles的詞義,從下文"戴上'spectacles'后開始閱讀"可以猜得其詞義"眼鏡"。
    二、利用文中的舉例猜測詞義
     例三:Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.如不知道geometric forms的意思,可從文中所列舉的三角形,正方形、圓形來猜得其意義為"幾何圖形"。
    Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.如不知道appliances的意思,從文中的舉例"washing-machines(洗衣機(jī)),refrigerator(冰箱),televisions(電視機(jī))"可以猜得該詞的意思為"家用電器"。
    三、利用文中說明詞義的同位詞或定語等猜測詞義
     例五:The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines(潛艇) to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged.句中snorkel一詞的意思,可通過其同位語"a long air tube that reaches up to the surface"來猜得。由此,我們可確定該詞義為"通氣管"。
    例六:The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.通過定語從句"which is used to measure electricity"(用來測量電的),我們可將"multimeter"的詞義確定為"萬用表"。
    例七:They will be on the night shift - from midnight to 6 a. m. - next week.由破折號(hào)之間的解釋內(nèi)容,我們可以了解到"night shift"意思為"夜班"。
    四、利用文章中所出現(xiàn)的、與某生詞或詞組意思相反的內(nèi)容,猜測詞義
     例八:American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.文中be punctual的意思,可理解為"not come late",即"準(zhǔn)時(shí),不遲到"。
    例九:Unlike her GREgarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.根據(jù)文中"unlike……"的意思,可將gregarious理解為與文中"a shy person who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends."相反的意思,即:表示"好交際的"。