二、部分倒裝
1.否定詞或具有(半)否定意義的詞語(yǔ)置于句首作為句首狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般必須采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。
具有否定或半否定意義的詞和詞組有：no, never, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, never before, nowhere, no longer, no more, not until, not only, at no time(決不), in no way(決不), in/under no circumstances(決不), in no case(決不), on no account(決不), hardly…when, scarcely…when/before, no sooner……than, not only…but(also)等。如：
Never before have I seen such a wonderful(奇妙的) park.我從來(lái)未看見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣美麗的公園。
Comp: I have never seen such a wonderful park before.
No sooner had I gone out than it rained.我剛出去，就下雨了。
Comp: I had no sooner (一但...立即)gone out than it rained.
Seldom have I met him recently(最近). 最近我很少遇見(jiàn)他。
Comp: I have seldom met him recently.
Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons(核武器).無(wú)論在什么情況下我們都不會(huì)首先使用核武器。
Comp: We will not be the first to use weapons under any circumstances.
Not only did he refuse(拒絕) the gift, he also severely(嚴(yán)厲地) criticized (批評(píng))the young sender.他不僅拒絕收禮，而且嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)了年輕的送禮者。
Comp: He not only refused the gift, he (but) also severely criticized the young sender.
2.當(dāng)置于句首的賓語(yǔ)是nothing, no one, nobody等否定詞，或被not a修飾時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。如：
Nothing would the poor child reply(回答).那個(gè)可憐的孩子什么也不回答。
Comp: The poor child would reply nothing.
Not a single word did Tom speak.湯姆一句話也不說(shuō)。
Comp: Tom did not speak a single word.
3.“only + 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首，即當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)由only修飾時(shí)，需要采用部分倒裝。如：
Only in Beijing have I seen so beautiful scenery(景色).只有在北京我才見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣美麗的景色。
Comp: I have seen so beautiful scenery only in Beijing.
Only if/when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.只有病得很重時(shí)，他才會(huì)躺在床上。
Comp: He stays in bed only when he is seriously ill.
4.“so……that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的“so+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，需要部分倒裝。如：
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他說(shuō)話聲大的隔壁的人都能聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。
Comp: He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.
5.由so(neither, nor)指代前面一句的內(nèi)容表示“也是(也不)”的意義時(shí)，通常位于句首，并引起倒裝, 如：
Tom can’t speak French. Nor(Neither) can Jack.湯姆不會(huì)講法語(yǔ)，杰克也不會(huì)講。
He has finished his work, and so have I.他已經(jīng)完成了工作，我也是。
注意：當(dāng)so 引出的句子是對(duì)上文的內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不用倒裝。例：
“Bill will win the prize.”—so(是的)he will.
6.用于were, had或should等詞開(kāi)頭的虛擬條件句(即省略了if的虛擬條件句中)，也引起部分倒裝，但如從句中沒(méi)有were, had或should,則不能這樣做。如：
Should he come, tell him to ring me up。他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)電話。
Comp: If he should come,...
Were I in your position, I would go. 如果我處于你的位置上，我就去。
Comp: If I were in your position, ...
Had they not helped us, our experiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)) would have failed(失敗).如果沒(méi)有他們的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是會(huì)失敗的。
Comp: If they had not helped us, ...
7.以no matter how或however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，會(huì)出現(xiàn)倒裝的情況，如：
No matter how busy he is, he has to attend (出席)the meeting,無(wú)論多忙，他都得去參加會(huì)議。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming(去游泳).無(wú)論多冷他總是去游泳。
當(dāng)對(duì)as等引導(dǎo)的分句中的形容詞、分詞、副詞強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，一般采取以下倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞/分詞/副詞/+as/ +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
Strong as he is, he cannot lift(舉起) the big stone.盡管他很強(qiáng)壯，他仍然舉不起這塊大石頭。
1.否定詞或具有(半)否定意義的詞語(yǔ)置于句首作為句首狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般必須采用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。
具有否定或半否定意義的詞和詞組有：no, never, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, never before, nowhere, no longer, no more, not until, not only, at no time(決不), in no way(決不), in/under no circumstances(決不), in no case(決不), on no account(決不), hardly…when, scarcely…when/before, no sooner……than, not only…but(also)等。如：
Never before have I seen such a wonderful(奇妙的) park.我從來(lái)未看見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣美麗的公園。
Comp: I have never seen such a wonderful park before.
No sooner had I gone out than it rained.我剛出去，就下雨了。
Comp: I had no sooner (一但...立即)gone out than it rained.
Seldom have I met him recently(最近). 最近我很少遇見(jiàn)他。
Comp: I have seldom met him recently.
Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons(核武器).無(wú)論在什么情況下我們都不會(huì)首先使用核武器。
Comp: We will not be the first to use weapons under any circumstances.
Not only did he refuse(拒絕) the gift, he also severely(嚴(yán)厲地) criticized (批評(píng))the young sender.他不僅拒絕收禮，而且嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)了年輕的送禮者。
Comp: He not only refused the gift, he (but) also severely criticized the young sender.
2.當(dāng)置于句首的賓語(yǔ)是nothing, no one, nobody等否定詞，或被not a修飾時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。如：
Nothing would the poor child reply(回答).那個(gè)可憐的孩子什么也不回答。
Comp: The poor child would reply nothing.
Not a single word did Tom speak.湯姆一句話也不說(shuō)。
Comp: Tom did not speak a single word.
3.“only + 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首，即當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)由only修飾時(shí)，需要采用部分倒裝。如：
Only in Beijing have I seen so beautiful scenery(景色).只有在北京我才見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣美麗的景色。
Comp: I have seen so beautiful scenery only in Beijing.
Only if/when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.只有病得很重時(shí)，他才會(huì)躺在床上。
Comp: He stays in bed only when he is seriously ill.
4.“so……that”結(jié)構(gòu)中的“so+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，需要部分倒裝。如：
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他說(shuō)話聲大的隔壁的人都能聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。
Comp: He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.
5.由so(neither, nor)指代前面一句的內(nèi)容表示“也是(也不)”的意義時(shí)，通常位于句首，并引起倒裝, 如：
Tom can’t speak French. Nor(Neither) can Jack.湯姆不會(huì)講法語(yǔ)，杰克也不會(huì)講。
He has finished his work, and so have I.他已經(jīng)完成了工作，我也是。
注意：當(dāng)so 引出的句子是對(duì)上文的內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不用倒裝。例：
“Bill will win the prize.”—so(是的)he will.
6.用于were, had或should等詞開(kāi)頭的虛擬條件句(即省略了if的虛擬條件句中)，也引起部分倒裝，但如從句中沒(méi)有were, had或should,則不能這樣做。如：
Should he come, tell him to ring me up。他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)電話。
Comp: If he should come,...
Were I in your position, I would go. 如果我處于你的位置上，我就去。
Comp: If I were in your position, ...
Had they not helped us, our experiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)) would have failed(失敗).如果沒(méi)有他們的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是會(huì)失敗的。
Comp: If they had not helped us, ...
7.以no matter how或however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，會(huì)出現(xiàn)倒裝的情況，如：
No matter how busy he is, he has to attend (出席)the meeting,無(wú)論多忙，他都得去參加會(huì)議。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming(去游泳).無(wú)論多冷他總是去游泳。
當(dāng)對(duì)as等引導(dǎo)的分句中的形容詞、分詞、副詞強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，一般采取以下倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞/分詞/副詞/+as/ +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
Strong as he is, he cannot lift(舉起) the big stone.盡管他很強(qiáng)壯，他仍然舉不起這塊大石頭。