倒置法:
在漢語(yǔ)中,定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)往往位于被修飾語(yǔ)之前;在英語(yǔ)中,許多修飾語(yǔ)常常位于被修飾語(yǔ)之后,因此翻譯時(shí)往往要把原文的語(yǔ)序顛倒過來。倒置法通常用于英譯漢, 即對(duì)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法進(jìn)行前后調(diào)換,按意群或進(jìn)行全部倒置,原則是使?jié)h語(yǔ)譯句安排符合現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時(shí)倒置法也用于漢譯英。如:
(1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此時(shí)此刻,通過現(xiàn)代通信手段的奇跡,看到和聽到我們講話的人比整個(gè)世界歷任何其他這樣的場(chǎng)合都要多。(部分倒置)
(2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我堅(jiān)信,英國(guó)依然應(yīng)該是歐共體中的一個(gè)積極的和充滿活力的成員,這是符合我國(guó)人民利益的。(部分倒置)
(3)改革開放以來,中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
包孕法:
這種方法多用于英譯漢。所謂包孕是指在把英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),把英語(yǔ)后置成分按照漢語(yǔ)的正常語(yǔ)序放在中心詞之前,使修飾成分在漢語(yǔ)句中形成前置包孕。但修飾成分不宜過長(zhǎng),否則會(huì)形成拖沓或造成漢語(yǔ)句子成分在連接上的糾葛。如:
(1)You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close. 您是一位來自于使中國(guó)倍感親切的國(guó)家和大洲的代表。
(2)What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. 使我們走到一起的,是我們有超越這些分歧的共同利益。
在漢語(yǔ)中,定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)往往位于被修飾語(yǔ)之前;在英語(yǔ)中,許多修飾語(yǔ)常常位于被修飾語(yǔ)之后,因此翻譯時(shí)往往要把原文的語(yǔ)序顛倒過來。倒置法通常用于英譯漢, 即對(duì)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法進(jìn)行前后調(diào)換,按意群或進(jìn)行全部倒置,原則是使?jié)h語(yǔ)譯句安排符合現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時(shí)倒置法也用于漢譯英。如:
(1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此時(shí)此刻,通過現(xiàn)代通信手段的奇跡,看到和聽到我們講話的人比整個(gè)世界歷任何其他這樣的場(chǎng)合都要多。(部分倒置)
(2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我堅(jiān)信,英國(guó)依然應(yīng)該是歐共體中的一個(gè)積極的和充滿活力的成員,這是符合我國(guó)人民利益的。(部分倒置)
(3)改革開放以來,中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
包孕法:
這種方法多用于英譯漢。所謂包孕是指在把英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),把英語(yǔ)后置成分按照漢語(yǔ)的正常語(yǔ)序放在中心詞之前,使修飾成分在漢語(yǔ)句中形成前置包孕。但修飾成分不宜過長(zhǎng),否則會(huì)形成拖沓或造成漢語(yǔ)句子成分在連接上的糾葛。如:
(1)You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close. 您是一位來自于使中國(guó)倍感親切的國(guó)家和大洲的代表。
(2)What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. 使我們走到一起的,是我們有超越這些分歧的共同利益。