Unit 3 （1996年）
The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.（71）Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some，however，are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take，by persons in authority，act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.（72）This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted，however，that from time to time，questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers .It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.（73）This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support，like all government support，requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straight forward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science，but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally，the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.（74）However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascinating and delightful aspects.（75）New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.
Unit 3 翻譯題解
71） Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science / being to some extent self-accelerating.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是對比句Some…… are…… reasonable results of…… Others are reasonable consequences of……
2）particular advances后面有多重定語in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
第三、詞的處理：
are…… results of 是……的結(jié)果，來自于；social needs 社會需求；to some extent 在一定程度上；self-accelerating 自我加速
完整的譯文：
71）在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來自社會需求，另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生某些特定發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。
72） This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主句+ when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，when = at that time當(dāng)時，那時。
2）第一個that從句是主句賓語the conclusion的同位語。
3）that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定語從句中的主語從句
4）cannot generally be foreseen in detail是賓語從句的謂語。
第三、詞的處理：
trend 趨勢；came to the conclusion 得出結(jié)論；the specific demands 具體要求；make of 向……提出；scientific establishment 科研機構(gòu)；in detail 詳盡
完整的譯文：
72）這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。
73） This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but of possible consequence in the future.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是系詞+過去分詞+被動賓語：This seems mostly effectively done by……
2）research后面是雙重定語not related to…… but of……由此斷定related to意思等于of
第三、詞的處理：
This （主語代詞要譯出來）這一問題；done 解決；not related to 與……無關(guān)；immediate goals 當(dāng)前目標(biāo)；possible consequence 可能的影響
完整的譯文：
73）給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無關(guān)但將來可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持，看來通常能有效地解決這一問題。
74） However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are in principle unable to / deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是the world is so…… that……
2）some后面有多重定語of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.
第三、詞的處理：
elegant systems （精美的）完美的體系；in principle 一般而言；deal with 解決，處理 aspects 原義是方面，聯(lián)系上下文譯成課題，問題
完整的譯文：
74）然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世界上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。
75） New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future / as they have in the past, / giving rise to new standards of elegance.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）as well as和，以及，連接兩個并列主語，must arise作句子謂語
2）as they have in the past方式狀語，as就像是……，同……一樣
3）giving rise to……表示伴隨狀語。
第三、詞的處理：
New forms of thought 新的思維方式；new subjects for thought 新的思維對象；arise 出現(xiàn)；giving rise to 給出，產(chǎn)生，帶來；new standards of elegance 完美的新標(biāo)準
完整的譯文：
75）同過去一樣，將來必然會出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準
The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.（71）Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some，however，are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take，by persons in authority，act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.（72）This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted，however，that from time to time，questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers .It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.（73）This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
This kind of support，like all government support，requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straight forward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science，but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally，the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.（74）However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascinating and delightful aspects.（75）New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.
Unit 3 翻譯題解
71） Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science / being to some extent self-accelerating.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是對比句Some…… are…… reasonable results of…… Others are reasonable consequences of……
2）particular advances后面有多重定語in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
第三、詞的處理：
are…… results of 是……的結(jié)果，來自于；social needs 社會需求；to some extent 在一定程度上；self-accelerating 自我加速
完整的譯文：
71）在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來自社會需求，另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生某些特定發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。
72） This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion / that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主句+ when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，when = at that time當(dāng)時，那時。
2）第一個that從句是主句賓語the conclusion的同位語。
3）that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment是定語從句中的主語從句
4）cannot generally be foreseen in detail是賓語從句的謂語。
第三、詞的處理：
trend 趨勢；came to the conclusion 得出結(jié)論；the specific demands 具體要求；make of 向……提出；scientific establishment 科研機構(gòu)；in detail 詳盡
完整的譯文：
72）這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。
73） This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but of possible consequence in the future.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是系詞+過去分詞+被動賓語：This seems mostly effectively done by……
2）research后面是雙重定語not related to…… but of……由此斷定related to意思等于of
第三、詞的處理：
This （主語代詞要譯出來）這一問題；done 解決；not related to 與……無關(guān)；immediate goals 當(dāng)前目標(biāo)；possible consequence 可能的影響
完整的譯文：
73）給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無關(guān)但將來可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持，看來通常能有效地解決這一問題。
74） However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are in principle unable to / deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）主干結(jié)構(gòu)是the world is so…… that……
2）some后面有多重定語of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects.
第三、詞的處理：
elegant systems （精美的）完美的體系；in principle 一般而言；deal with 解決，處理 aspects 原義是方面，聯(lián)系上下文譯成課題，問題
完整的譯文：
74）然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世界上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。
75） New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分為三段：
New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future / as they have in the past, / giving rise to new standards of elegance.
第二、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）as well as和，以及，連接兩個并列主語，must arise作句子謂語
2）as they have in the past方式狀語，as就像是……，同……一樣
3）giving rise to……表示伴隨狀語。
第三、詞的處理：
New forms of thought 新的思維方式；new subjects for thought 新的思維對象；arise 出現(xiàn)；giving rise to 給出，產(chǎn)生，帶來；new standards of elegance 完美的新標(biāo)準
完整的譯文：
75）同過去一樣，將來必然會出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準