第4部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上?！?BR> 第一篇 Exercise Lowers Employers'Health Costs
Companies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit，researchers reported on Friday．
They said obese（肥胖的）employees had higher health-care costs，but lowered those expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week-without even losing any weight．
Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23，500 workers at General Motors．
They estimated that getting the most sedentary（慣于久坐的）obese workers to exercise would have saved about$790，000 a year，or about 1．5 percent of health-care costs for the whole group.
Company-wide．the potential savings could reach$7 1 million per year，they reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Of the whole group of workers．a(chǎn)bout 30 percent were of normal weight，45 percent were overweight（超重的），and 25 percent were obese．Annual health-care costs averaged$2，200 for normal weight，$2，400 for the overweight，and$2，700 for obese employees．
But among workers who did no exercise，health-care costs went up by at least$100 a year，and were$3．000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary
But adding two or more days of light exercise——at least 20 minutes of exercise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing——lowered costs by on average$500 per employee a year，the researchers found.
"This indicates that physical activity behavior could reduce at least some of the harmful effects of excess body fat，and in consequence，help lower the health-care costs，"Wang and colleagues wrote．
31 How can employees help lower the health-care costs?
A By taking more rest
B By eating less．
C By exercising a little bit．
D By saving more money．
32 By encouraging its employees to exercise General Motors could save
A$790，000 per year．
B $7.1 million per year．
C$3,000per year
D $7,300 per year．
33 How many workers in General Motors were NOT of normal weight?
A Seventy percent
B Thirty percent．
C Forty-five percent
D Twenty-five percent．
34 For which group of the workers were the health-care costs the highest?
A The employees of normal weight．
B The overweight employees
C The obese employees．
D The sedentary obese employees．
35 How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care costs?
A At least seven days a week．
B At least twenty minutes a week．
C At least twice a week
D At least once a week 第二篇 Medical Education
In 18th．century colonial America，those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London，Paris{and Edinburgh．Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania，beginning in 1765，and in 1767 at King's College（now Columbia University），the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine．Following the American Revolution，the Columbia medical faculty（formerly of King'S College） was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons，chartered in 1809，which survives as a division of Columbia University．
In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital．The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary（私營的）schools of medicine run for personal profit．most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities In 1910 Abraham Flexner. the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada，exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools Subsequently the American Medical Association（AMA）and the Association of American Medical Colleges（AAMC）1aid down standards for course content，qualifications of teachers，laboratory facilities，connection with teaching hospitals，and licensing of medical practitioners（開業(yè)醫(yī)師）that survive to this day．By the late 1980s the US and Canada had 142 4．year medical colleges recognized bv the Liaison（聯(lián)絡(luò)1 Committee on Medical Education to offer che M．D．degree；during the 1987-88 academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11，752 men and 5，958 women were graduated．Graduates，after a year of internship（實習(xí)期），receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners
36 In 18th-century America．higher institutions of learning that taught medicine
A did not exist．
B were few in number．
C were better than those in Europe．
D were known for their teaching hospitals．
37 Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America
A had established professionals．
B had good facilities．
C had high standards．
D were in poor conditions．
38 The AMA and AAMC established standards SO as t0
A recruit more students
B set up more schools of medicine
C ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice．
D prevent medical schools from making huge profits．
39 After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice
A if they have worked in a laboratory．
B if they have studied abroad for some time
C if they have obtained an M．D degree．
D if they have passed an examination
40 This passage is mainly about
A how medicine is taught in America．
B how medical education has developed in America
C how the American educational system works．
D how one can become a good doctor． 第三篇 More Than a Ride to School
The National Education Association claims,"The school bus is a mirror of the community" They further add that，unfortunately，what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community．They are right-sometimes it reflects more!Just ask Liesl Denson．Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl．
Bruce Hardy,school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesl's bus driver since kindergarten Last year when Liesl's family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence，she requested to ride the same bus．This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus．She says，It s been a great ride so far!My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener．Sometimes when you're a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important．Mr．Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important．"Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree．
Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975．This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company．Larry Althouse，president of the company acknowledges Bruce Hardy's outstanding record：You do not come by employees like Brute these days．He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350，000 accident free miles Hardy's reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the studentsthat ride his bus
Althouse further adds，Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since．My grandfather started the business with one bus．Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come"
Three generotions of business is not all the company has enjoyed．Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy,they have been building relationships through generations．Liesl's mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy's bus to the Octorara School District.
41 The word"mirrorin the first line could be best replaced by
A "vehicle"
B "device"
C "need"
D "reflection"．
42 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company
A for 30 years．
B for70 years
C since last year．
D since 2000．
43 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?
A He is popular with his passengers．
B He has never missed a day of work．
C He is an impatient person．
D He has driven 350，000 accident free miles．
44 Althouse Bus Company was founded by
A Larry Althouse．
B Althouse'S grandfather．
C Liesl'S motheL
D Ashley Batista．
45 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to
A employing young drivers．
B running quality schools．
C providing free driving lessons．
D building sound relationships．
答案：
31 c 文章一開始便講到，鍛煉將有助于減少醫(yī)療費用開支。
32 B 文章第五段指出，就公司范圍而言，鼓勵員工參加身體鍛煉每年將節(jié)省710萬美元的開支。
33 A 文章第六段講到，公司內(nèi)體重正常的員工只占30％r，有45％的員工體重超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還有25％的員工可謂肥胖。
34 D 從文章的第六、七兩段可以看出，肥胖而又不鍛煉的員工醫(yī)療費用開支高。
35 c 文章第二段和第八段分別講到，每周至少鍛煉兩次就將有助于減少醫(yī)療費用的開支。
36 B 文章第一段講到，在18世紀(jì)的美國，醫(yī)學(xué)院校寥寥無幾，要想當(dāng)醫(yī)生，要么跟專業(yè)人員私下里學(xué)，要么出國學(xué)習(xí)，直到1765年，才首次有高等院校正式開設(shè)醫(yī)學(xué)課程。
37 D 文章第二段中的第二句提到，早期的私營醫(yī)學(xué)院校大都標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不高，設(shè)備較差。
38 c 文章第二段的后一句說，AMA與．AAM（：制訂了一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以保證醫(yī)學(xué)教學(xué)與實踐的質(zhì)量。
39 D 文章的后一段說，醫(yī)學(xué)畢業(yè)生經(jīng)過一年的實習(xí)期后，若能通過州或國家的相關(guān)考試，方可獲取行醫(yī)執(zhí)照。
40 B 從文章的題目到內(nèi)容可知，全文重點探討的是美國醫(yī)學(xué)教育的歷史進展。
41 D mirror和reflection都有"反映"的意思。reflection的動詞是reflect．，在第一段中出現(xiàn)了兩次。vehicle是"交通工具"，de；rice是"裝置"，：need是"需要".
42 A 該題問的是：：Bruce Hardy'為Althouse公交公司工作了多少年了?第四段的第二句話是這么說的：今年，他要慶祝為Althouse公交公司工作30年。
43 c 該題問的是：下面的哪一種說法不符合Bruce Hardy的實際情況?A和B可見于第三段第二行。D可見于第四段的后半部分。c說的是：Bruce．Hard），不耐心。第三段說到了Bnice Hardy是一個很好的聽眾，他總是昕著你要說的話?？梢?，說Bruce Hard）r不耐心不符合實際情況。
44 B 該題問的是：誰創(chuàng)立了．Althouse公交公司?A說的是：Larry Althouse.Larry Althouse是公司的總裁。B說的是：Althouse的祖父。倒數(shù)第二段有這樣一句話：我（Althouse）的祖父開始經(jīng)營對只有一輛公共汽車?？梢?，B是正確答案。
45 D 該題問的是：Althouse公交公司注重什么?A說的是：雇用年輕司機。B說的是：開辦素質(zhì)學(xué)校。c說的是提供免費駕駛課程。D為建立良好的關(guān)系。D可見于倒數(shù)第二段。
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上?！?BR> 第一篇 Exercise Lowers Employers'Health Costs
Companies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit，researchers reported on Friday．
They said obese（肥胖的）employees had higher health-care costs，but lowered those expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week-without even losing any weight．
Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23，500 workers at General Motors．
They estimated that getting the most sedentary（慣于久坐的）obese workers to exercise would have saved about$790，000 a year，or about 1．5 percent of health-care costs for the whole group.
Company-wide．the potential savings could reach$7 1 million per year，they reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Of the whole group of workers．a(chǎn)bout 30 percent were of normal weight，45 percent were overweight（超重的），and 25 percent were obese．Annual health-care costs averaged$2，200 for normal weight，$2，400 for the overweight，and$2，700 for obese employees．
But among workers who did no exercise，health-care costs went up by at least$100 a year，and were$3．000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary
But adding two or more days of light exercise——at least 20 minutes of exercise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing——lowered costs by on average$500 per employee a year，the researchers found.
"This indicates that physical activity behavior could reduce at least some of the harmful effects of excess body fat，and in consequence，help lower the health-care costs，"Wang and colleagues wrote．
31 How can employees help lower the health-care costs?
A By taking more rest
B By eating less．
C By exercising a little bit．
D By saving more money．
32 By encouraging its employees to exercise General Motors could save
A$790，000 per year．
B $7.1 million per year．
C$3,000per year
D $7,300 per year．
33 How many workers in General Motors were NOT of normal weight?
A Seventy percent
B Thirty percent．
C Forty-five percent
D Twenty-five percent．
34 For which group of the workers were the health-care costs the highest?
A The employees of normal weight．
B The overweight employees
C The obese employees．
D The sedentary obese employees．
35 How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care costs?
A At least seven days a week．
B At least twenty minutes a week．
C At least twice a week
D At least once a week 第二篇 Medical Education
In 18th．century colonial America，those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London，Paris{and Edinburgh．Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania，beginning in 1765，and in 1767 at King's College（now Columbia University），the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine．Following the American Revolution，the Columbia medical faculty（formerly of King'S College） was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons，chartered in 1809，which survives as a division of Columbia University．
In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital．The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary（私營的）schools of medicine run for personal profit．most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities In 1910 Abraham Flexner. the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada，exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools Subsequently the American Medical Association（AMA）and the Association of American Medical Colleges（AAMC）1aid down standards for course content，qualifications of teachers，laboratory facilities，connection with teaching hospitals，and licensing of medical practitioners（開業(yè)醫(yī)師）that survive to this day．By the late 1980s the US and Canada had 142 4．year medical colleges recognized bv the Liaison（聯(lián)絡(luò)1 Committee on Medical Education to offer che M．D．degree；during the 1987-88 academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11，752 men and 5，958 women were graduated．Graduates，after a year of internship（實習(xí)期），receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners
36 In 18th-century America．higher institutions of learning that taught medicine
A did not exist．
B were few in number．
C were better than those in Europe．
D were known for their teaching hospitals．
37 Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America
A had established professionals．
B had good facilities．
C had high standards．
D were in poor conditions．
38 The AMA and AAMC established standards SO as t0
A recruit more students
B set up more schools of medicine
C ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice．
D prevent medical schools from making huge profits．
39 After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice
A if they have worked in a laboratory．
B if they have studied abroad for some time
C if they have obtained an M．D degree．
D if they have passed an examination
40 This passage is mainly about
A how medicine is taught in America．
B how medical education has developed in America
C how the American educational system works．
D how one can become a good doctor． 第三篇 More Than a Ride to School
The National Education Association claims,"The school bus is a mirror of the community" They further add that，unfortunately，what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community．They are right-sometimes it reflects more!Just ask Liesl Denson．Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl．
Bruce Hardy,school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesl's bus driver since kindergarten Last year when Liesl's family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence，she requested to ride the same bus．This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus．She says，It s been a great ride so far!My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener．Sometimes when you're a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important．Mr．Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important．"Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree．
Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975．This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company．Larry Althouse，president of the company acknowledges Bruce Hardy's outstanding record：You do not come by employees like Brute these days．He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350，000 accident free miles Hardy's reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the studentsthat ride his bus
Althouse further adds，Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since．My grandfather started the business with one bus．Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come"
Three generotions of business is not all the company has enjoyed．Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy,they have been building relationships through generations．Liesl's mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy's bus to the Octorara School District.
41 The word"mirrorin the first line could be best replaced by
A "vehicle"
B "device"
C "need"
D "reflection"．
42 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company
A for 30 years．
B for70 years
C since last year．
D since 2000．
43 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?
A He is popular with his passengers．
B He has never missed a day of work．
C He is an impatient person．
D He has driven 350，000 accident free miles．
44 Althouse Bus Company was founded by
A Larry Althouse．
B Althouse'S grandfather．
C Liesl'S motheL
D Ashley Batista．
45 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to
A employing young drivers．
B running quality schools．
C providing free driving lessons．
D building sound relationships．
答案：
31 c 文章一開始便講到，鍛煉將有助于減少醫(yī)療費用開支。
32 B 文章第五段指出，就公司范圍而言，鼓勵員工參加身體鍛煉每年將節(jié)省710萬美元的開支。
33 A 文章第六段講到，公司內(nèi)體重正常的員工只占30％r，有45％的員工體重超標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還有25％的員工可謂肥胖。
34 D 從文章的第六、七兩段可以看出，肥胖而又不鍛煉的員工醫(yī)療費用開支高。
35 c 文章第二段和第八段分別講到，每周至少鍛煉兩次就將有助于減少醫(yī)療費用的開支。
36 B 文章第一段講到，在18世紀(jì)的美國，醫(yī)學(xué)院校寥寥無幾，要想當(dāng)醫(yī)生，要么跟專業(yè)人員私下里學(xué)，要么出國學(xué)習(xí)，直到1765年，才首次有高等院校正式開設(shè)醫(yī)學(xué)課程。
37 D 文章第二段中的第二句提到，早期的私營醫(yī)學(xué)院校大都標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不高，設(shè)備較差。
38 c 文章第二段的后一句說，AMA與．AAM（：制訂了一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以保證醫(yī)學(xué)教學(xué)與實踐的質(zhì)量。
39 D 文章的后一段說，醫(yī)學(xué)畢業(yè)生經(jīng)過一年的實習(xí)期后，若能通過州或國家的相關(guān)考試，方可獲取行醫(yī)執(zhí)照。
40 B 從文章的題目到內(nèi)容可知，全文重點探討的是美國醫(yī)學(xué)教育的歷史進展。
41 D mirror和reflection都有"反映"的意思。reflection的動詞是reflect．，在第一段中出現(xiàn)了兩次。vehicle是"交通工具"，de；rice是"裝置"，：need是"需要".
42 A 該題問的是：：Bruce Hardy'為Althouse公交公司工作了多少年了?第四段的第二句話是這么說的：今年，他要慶祝為Althouse公交公司工作30年。
43 c 該題問的是：下面的哪一種說法不符合Bruce Hardy的實際情況?A和B可見于第三段第二行。D可見于第四段的后半部分。c說的是：Bruce．Hard），不耐心。第三段說到了Bnice Hardy是一個很好的聽眾，他總是昕著你要說的話?？梢?，說Bruce Hard）r不耐心不符合實際情況。
44 B 該題問的是：誰創(chuàng)立了．Althouse公交公司?A說的是：Larry Althouse.Larry Althouse是公司的總裁。B說的是：Althouse的祖父。倒數(shù)第二段有這樣一句話：我（Althouse）的祖父開始經(jīng)營對只有一輛公共汽車?？梢?，B是正確答案。
45 D 該題問的是：Althouse公交公司注重什么?A說的是：雇用年輕司機。B說的是：開辦素質(zhì)學(xué)校。c說的是提供免費駕駛課程。D為建立良好的關(guān)系。D可見于倒數(shù)第二段。