難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略例 50:A critique [of the Handlins' interpretation (of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660's)] suggests that assumptions [about the relation (between slavery and racial prejudice)] should be reexamined, and suggests that explanations {for the different treatment [of Black slaves (in North and South America)] should be expanded}.
譯文:一個 [ 對于 H 的(關(guān)于為何法律上的奴隸制沒有在 17 世紀(jì) 60 年代以前出現(xiàn)的原因)所做解釋的 ] 批評顯示, [ (關(guān)于奴隸制和種族偏見之間的)關(guān)系的 ] 假說應(yīng)當(dāng)被重新檢查,而且顯示出, { 對于 [ (在北美和南美之間的)對黑奴的 ] 不同處理的 } 解釋應(yīng)當(dāng)被擴(kuò)展。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 51:The best evidence/for the layered mantle thesis/is the well – established fact {that volcanic rocks (found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle), are composed/of material [fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridges tem, (whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantel) ]}.
譯文:/對于地幔分層論來說,/的證據(jù)就是這樣的一個確鑿的事實, { 即(在海洋上的島嶼——即人們相信是產(chǎn)生于從下層地幔中升起來的地幔柱的那些島嶼——上發(fā)現(xiàn)的)火山巖石形成/于一些這樣的材料, [ 此材料從根本不同于構(gòu)成中部海脊的材料,(而中部海洋的來源,很多地質(zhì)學(xué)家論辨道,是上地幔) ]} .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 52:Some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created/by fluids [rich in “incompatible elements” (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) (percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly),/according to the vagaries of the fluids' pathways/]/.
譯文:但是,一些地質(zhì)學(xué)家,(基于關(guān)于地幔捕虜巖的觀察)認(rèn)為,地幔不是分層的,而其不同的成分是/由一些流體造成的,這些流體 [ 富含“不相容成分”(即那些趨向于作為液體而非固體而存在的成分),(這些物質(zhì)向上滲透,并/依照這些流體所經(jīng)過的隨機(jī)路徑/不規(guī)則地改變了上地幔的某些部分) ]/ .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 抽象詞
例 53:Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it/for what was to be a long demonstration [of Saint – Beuve's blindness (to the real nature of great writing)]/, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.
譯文:F 認(rèn)為, P 在 1908 年試圖開始寫一部小說,又/為了寫一部批判 [S – B 的(對偉大作品的真正本質(zhì)的)視而不見 ] 的長篇的證明/而放棄了這部小說,其后又發(fā)現(xiàn)這一論文又勾起了其個人記憶及小說情節(jié)的萌生,使得后者取而代之形成了一部穩(wěn)定展開的小說。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 抽象詞
例 54:The very richness and complexity of [of the meaningful relationships (that kept presenting and rearranging themselves/on all levels, from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings/)], made it/difficult for Proust to set them out coherently/.
譯文:正是這種 [ (/在不同層面——從抽象的智力層面到深層的夢幻般的感情——上/不斷重新出現(xiàn)和重新排列的)有意義的關(guān)聯(lián)的 ] 豐富性和復(fù)雜性,使得普羅斯特/難以把它們(此處指有意義的關(guān)聯(lián))和諧一致的展現(xiàn)出來/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 55:But those of us [who hoped, with Kolb, that (Kolb's newly published) complete edition (of Proust's correspondence for 1909) would document the process/in greater detail/] are disappointed.
譯文:但是我們當(dāng)中的 [ 那些希望(也算上 K 本人)( K 新出版的)(普魯斯特 1909 年書信的)全部能夠/更加詳細(xì)地/記錄下這一過程的人 ] 都大失所望。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 固定搭配
例 56:/Now/we must also examine the culture/as we Mexican Americans have experienced it/, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people – a charter minority on our own land/.
譯文:/現(xiàn)在/我們必須也/按照我們墨西哥裔的美國人的經(jīng)歷/來審視這個文化,/我們的經(jīng)歷是從一個主權(quán)的民族變成了新來的定居者同胞再最終淪落成為一個被征服的民族——在我們自己的土地上的契約的少數(shù)民族/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 易混指代
例 57:The molecular approach (to detecting peptide hormones/using cDNA probes/should also be/much faster than the immunological method/because it can take years of tedious purifications/to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them//.)
譯文:(采用 cDNA 探子/來探測 p 荷爾蒙)這樣一種分子生物學(xué)手段也應(yīng)該/比免疫方法要快得多/,/因為后者要花上幾千年的時間做枯燥的提純工作,/來分離 p 荷爾蒙并培養(yǎng)出其抗血清// .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 倒裝 + 修辭
例 58:Nevertheless, researchers (of the Pleistocene epoch) have developed (all sorts of) (more or less fanciful) model schemes (of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events).
譯文:然而,(研究 P 時代的)研究者發(fā)展出了(各種各樣的)(或多或少有些奇思怪想的)模型系統(tǒng),(用來顯示如果由他們來決定地質(zhì)事件的話他們將會如何安排冰川紀(jì))。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略 + 易混指代
例 59:This succession was based primarily/on (a series of) deposits and events (not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods)/, rather than being based/on the more usual modern method [of studying biological remains (found in interglacial beds) (themselves interstratified within glacial deposits)].
譯文:這一序列主要是基/于(一系列的)(與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的)沉積物和事件做出的,而不是基/于更為通常使用的現(xiàn)代方法/, [ 去研究(間冰期的地層中的)生物遺跡,(這些遺跡位于冰川沉積物的各個層面之間) ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略
例 60:There have been attempts [to explain these taboos/in terms of inappropriate social relationships (either between those who are involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging)/].
譯文:有一些試圖 [/ 使用不合適的社會關(guān)系/去解釋這些禁忌,(這些社會關(guān)系或者是在那些正在經(jīng)歷一種身體需要得到滿足的人和此時身體需要得不到滿足的人之間的,或者是在那些已經(jīng)吃飽的人和那些看起來正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽的人之間的) ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 61:Many critics (of Eamily Bronte's Wuthering Heights) see its second part/as a counterpoint [that comments/on, if it does not reverse, the first part, (where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation)]/.
譯文:很多(對于艾米麗勃朗蒂的小說《呼嘯山莊》的)評論家把小說的第二部分看/成 [ 如果不是反對小說第一部分的,則是評論小說第一部分的 ] 一個和諧的對應(yīng)物,(而在第一部分中一種浪漫主義的解讀得到了更多的確證)/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 抽象詞
例 62:Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue (an authorial) awareness (of novelistic construction) (comparable to that of Henry James), but their presence does encourage attempts (to unify the novel's heterogeneous parts).
譯文:當(dāng)然這些因素的出現(xiàn)并不一定意味著(作者)(對小說結(jié)構(gòu)的)意識(能與 HJ 的意識相比),但是它們的出現(xiàn)確實可以鼓勵一些(把小說的不同部分統(tǒng)一到一起的)試圖。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 抽象詞
例 63:This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens/into a thesis/(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wutherign Heights has recalcitrant elements [of undeniable power (that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all – encompassing interpretation)].
譯文:這倒不是因為這樣一個種解釋一定會僵化/到一個論點上/(盡管對這部小說或者任何小說的任何僵化的解釋永遠(yuǎn)是一個危險),而是因為《呼嘯山莊》中有(一些具有不可否認(rèn)的力量的)頑固因素,(這些因素,最終,拒絕被囊括在一個包羅萬象的解釋當(dāng)中)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 專業(yè)抽象詞
例 64:The isotopic composition of lead often varies/from one source of common copper ore to another/, with variations exceeding the measurement error,/and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform isotopic composition (of the lead )/from a single copper – ore source/.
譯文:鉛的同位素的成分經(jīng)常/在一個普通的銅礦石的挖掘地與另外一個挖掘地之間/有所不同/,/其差異超過了測量誤差/;而且初步的研究顯示,/從同一個銅礦的挖掘地所得的/(鉛的)同位素成分幾乎完全一致。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 倒裝
例 65:More probable is bird transport, either externally,/by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers/, or internally,/by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds/.
譯文:鳥類傳播是更為可能的方式,既可能是體外攜帶,/通過偶然的把種子附著在羽毛上/,也可能是體內(nèi)攜帶,/通過吞下果實后來又將種子排泄出去的方式/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 66:A long – held view {of the history [of the English colonies (that became the United States)]} has been that England's policy (toward these colonies before 1763) was dictated by commercial interests and has been that a change (to a more imperial policy), dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions (that ultimately led to the American Revolution).
譯文:一個 { 對于 [ (后來成了美國的)英國殖民地 ] 的歷史的 } 長久以來的觀點,認(rèn)為英國(在 1763 年以前對于這些殖民地的)政策被經(jīng)濟(jì)利益所支配,而且認(rèn)為一種(向著更大程度的帝國制度的政策上的)轉(zhuǎn)變——為擴(kuò)張主義的軍事目標(biāo)所左右——產(chǎn)生了(最終導(dǎo)致美國革命的)緊張氣氛。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 67:It is not known how area this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, (whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond;) but/when it is present,/the resemblance is regarded/as compelling evidence (what the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic)/.
譯文:現(xiàn)在還不知道這種相似稀少到什么程度,也不知道它是否最常見于像 g (石榴石)那樣的硅酸巖的內(nèi)含物(雜質(zhì))中;( g 的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)通常有點類似于鉆石的結(jié)構(gòu));但是當(dāng)這種類似出現(xiàn)的時候,這種類似就被視/為(鉆石和內(nèi)含物確實同源的)有力證據(jù)/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 省略 + 抽象詞
例 68:Even the “radical” critiques (of this mainstream research model), (such as the critique developed in Divided Society,) attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and they are thus unable (to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority).
譯文:甚至連(對這種主流研究模式的)“激進(jìn)”批評,(比如在《分裂的社會》一書中的批評),也把民族被同化的問題機(jī)械地與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會流動性的因素聯(lián)系到一起,這樣這些批評就無法(把 PR 人作為殖民地的少數(shù)民族來說明其文化上的次等地位)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 69:They are called virtual particles/in order to distinguish them from real particles, (whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way,) and (which can be detected)/.
譯文:它們被稱之為“虛粒子”/以用來與“實粒子”相區(qū)分,(后者的生命期不以同樣的方式受到制約),而且(能夠被探測到)/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 70:Open acknowledgement [of the existence (of women's oppression)] was too radical/for the United States in the fifties/, and Beauvoir's conclusion, [that change (in women's economic condition), though insufficient by itself, but “remains the basic factor” (in improving women's situation)], was particularly unacceptable.
譯文:公開 [ 對(婦女壓迫的)存在的 ] 承認(rèn)/對于五十年代的美國而言/有些過分激進(jìn),而且 B 的結(jié)論, [ 即(婦女經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的)變化,盡管它本身不是一個充分的因素,但是“仍然是(提高婦女地位的)根本因素”的觀點,是尤其無法令人接受的 ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 71:Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped/out of the Earth's rocky mantle/by the Earth's collision with another large celestial body/after much of the Earth's iron fell to its core/.
譯文:其他的理論學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,月亮/是在地球的大部分鐵落入地核后// 由于與其他大型天體的碰撞/而被從地球的巖石狀地幔中/撕裂出來的。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 72:However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects [of early New England culture (that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan)], such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England/as a whole/, but were largely confined [to the two colonies (of Massachusetts and Connecticut)].
譯文:然而,近年來學(xué)術(shù)研究強(qiáng)烈地顯示那些 [ (看來最為明確的清教徒的)早期新英格蘭文化的 ] 一些方面,比如強(qiáng)烈的宗教導(dǎo)向和團(tuán)體意識,/整體而言/卻不是新英格蘭的典型特征,而是在很大程度上只局限 [ 于(馬薩諸賽和康涅狄格)兩個州 ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 73:Thus, what/in contrast to the Puritan colonies/appears/to Davis/to be peculiarly Southern – acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models – was not only more typically English/than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut/, but also was/almost certainly/characteristic (of most other early modern British colonies) (from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire.)
譯文:因此,/與清教徒的殖民地形成了強(qiáng)烈的對比的// 在戴維斯/看來是特別有南方色彩的特征——如:進(jìn)取心、對政治及法律的強(qiáng)烈興趣和培養(yǎng)大都市文化的欲望——不僅僅/比由清教的馬薩諸塞州和康涅狄格州所展現(xiàn)出來的文化模式/更具有典型的英國特征,而且/幾乎一定/就是(大多數(shù)其他早期現(xiàn)代英國殖民地的)典型特征,(這些殖民地的范圍從巴巴多斯以北到新罕布爾州)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 74:Portrayals {[of the folk of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, (whom he remembers from early childhood)], (of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his Harlem days), (of Pittsburgh steelworkers)}, and his reconstruction (of classical Greek myths)/in the guise of the ancient Black kingdom of Benin/ , attest/to this/.
譯文:一些描述, {[ 關(guān)于(他從小就記得的)北卡羅來納的 M 縣的人民 ] 、(關(guān)于他在 H 的日子里的爵士樂手和公寓的房頂)、(關(guān)于匹茲堡的鋼鐵工人) } 的描述,和(他的)/假借古代貝寧王國/(對古希臘神話的)重塑,都表現(xiàn)/了這一點/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 75:(A very specialized feeding) adaptation (in zooplankton) is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian {who lives in a walnut – sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus [equipped with filters (that capture and concentrate phytoplankton)]}.
譯文:(在浮游動物中出現(xiàn)的)(一種很具體化的用來捕食的)適應(yīng),就是 TA 這種動物的適應(yīng); { 它生存于一個核桃大小(或更小)的 M 的球狀物中, [M 球裝備了一些(能夠捕捉并聚攏浮游植物的)過濾裝置 ]} .
難句類型:倒裝
例 76:These historians, however, have analyzed/less fully/the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities/during the same period/.
譯文:然而這些歷史學(xué)家們卻/不曾對// 同一時期的/具體的婦女思潮和婦女運(yùn)動做出/充分的/分析。
難句類型:特殊省略 + 固定搭配
例 77:Apparently most massive stars manage to lose such sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4 ⊙ M./before they exhaust their nuclear fuel/.
譯文:顯然,大多數(shù)的巨星能夠失去足夠多的物質(zhì)以致于/在燃盡其核燃料以前/它們的質(zhì)量下降到關(guān)鍵值 1.4M ⊙ 以下。
難句類型:倒裝 + 省略
例 78:This is so even though the armed forces operate/in an ethos of institutional change (oriented toward occupational equality)/and even though the armed forces forces operate/under the federal sanction (of equal for equal work)/.
譯文:即使當(dāng)武裝部隊/是在一種(趨向職業(yè)平等的)制度變化的風(fēng)氣中/運(yùn)作的時候,而且即使部隊/是在聯(lián)邦政府的(同工同酬的)約束下/運(yùn)行的時候,情況仍然是這樣。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略 + 易混指代
例 79:An impact on Mars (capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth – intersecting orbit) is even less probable/than such an event on the Moon/,/in view of the Moon's smaller size and closer proximity to Earth/.
譯文:一個(能夠把火星表面的碎片射入地球交*軌道的)碰撞發(fā)生的可能甚至小/于這種事件在月亮發(fā)生的可能性/,/考慮到月亮的更小的尺寸及其與地球接近的程度/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 倒裝
例 80:Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor – specific unresponsiveness (in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin,/from that donor/are accepted permanently).
譯文:不僅肝的移植從來沒有被排斥,而且這些移植還誘導(dǎo)了一種對供應(yīng)移植器官者特定的無反應(yīng)狀態(tài),(在此狀態(tài)中接下來/從那個供應(yīng)者得來的/其他器官,如皮膚,會被永久的接受)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略 + 過去分詞與謂語易混
例 81:/As rock interfaces are crossed/, the elastic characteristics (encountered by seismic waves) generally change abruptly, [what causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, (where it is recorded by seismic instruments)].
譯文:/當(dāng)巖石界面被穿過的時候/, (震波所遇到的)彈性性質(zhì)通常會發(fā)生突然的變化, [ 這就使得一部分能量被反射回地面,(在地面反射回來波被震波記錄儀所記錄下來) ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 82:While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, but the one papyrus fragment raises the specter (that another may be unearthed,/showing, for instance, that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles/, and/throwing the date once more into utter confusion/).
譯文:盡管這個新學(xué)說看起來幾乎一定正確,可是這個沙草紙的殘片卻引起了這樣的恐懼,(那就是另外一個殘片可能會被挖掘出來,/顯示出,比如說,是屬于 D 四部曲的一個作者死后發(fā)表的遺作擊敗了 S/ , 這樣就/重新把作品的年代置于極度的混亂之中/)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 83:The methods (that a community devises to perpetuate itself) come into being/to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy (that that community perceives as essential)/.
譯文:(一個社會設(shè)計出來保存自己的)方法得以形成/來保持(那個社會認(rèn)為是最重要的)文化遺產(chǎn)的一些方面/.
能句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 84:/Traditionally/, pollination by wind has been viewed as reproductive process [marked by random events (in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for/by the generation of vast quantities of pollen/)], so that the ultimate production (of new seeds) is assured/at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used/.
譯文:/傳統(tǒng)上/, 風(fēng)媒傳粉被看成是一個這樣的繁殖過程:[ 其特征就是有一些隨機(jī)事件的發(fā)生,(在這些隨機(jī)事件里,風(fēng)的反復(fù)無常/被大量地產(chǎn)生花粉/所補(bǔ)償) ] ,以致于(新種子的)最終產(chǎn)生被保證了,/其代價是產(chǎn)生遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于實際使用量的花粉/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 省略
例 85:Because the potential hazards (that pollen grains are subject to/as they are transported over long distances/) are enormous, wind pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen (through happenstance)/ by virtue [of producing an amount of pollen (that is one to three orders of magnitude greater greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects)].
譯文:由于(花粉顆粒/在遠(yuǎn)距離傳播時/所受到的)潛在危險是巨大的,因此,在以上觀點中,風(fēng)媒植物補(bǔ)償了隨之而來的(由于偶然性所帶來的)花粉浪費,通過 [ 產(chǎn)生的花粉數(shù)量(比由昆蟲媒植物所產(chǎn)生的花粉的數(shù)量高一到三個數(shù)量級的) ] 本領(lǐng)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 專有名詞
例 86:For example, the spiral arrangement (of scale – bract complexes) [on ovule – bearing pine cones, (where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located,)] is important [to the production of airflow patterns (that spiral over the cone's surfaces)], thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.
譯文:比如說, [ (針葉樹的雌性生殖器官所在的) o-b 的松果上的 ] ( s-b c 的)螺旋狀安排, [ 對于產(chǎn)生(在松果表面盤旋的)氣流來講 ] 是重要的,這樣才能把空氣傳播的花粉從一個 s 傳播到另一個 s .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 倒裝
例 87:Friedrich Engels, however, predicted t that women would be liberated/from the “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family/by technological developments (that made/possible/the recruitment of “of whole female *** into public industry”)/.
譯文:FE ,卻預(yù)測婦女們將被/從家庭的“社會、法律、和經(jīng)濟(jì)壓迫”中/解放出來,/這是通過(使得征召“整個女性階層進(jìn)入到公共的工業(yè)中去”/成為可能/的)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方式做到的/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 88:It was {not the change in office technology, but rather the separation [of secretarial work, (previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers,)/from administrative work]} that in the 1880's created a new class of “dead - end” jobs, (thenceforth considered “women's work”).
譯文:{ 倒不是辦公室技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,而是 [ (原來被視為見習(xí)經(jīng)理的職位的)秘書工作/與管理工作的/] 分離, } 在十九世紀(jì)八十年代產(chǎn)生了一種新的“死胡同”工作,(這種工作從那以后就被認(rèn)為是“婦女的工作”)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 89:The increase [in the numbers of married women (employed outside the home)/ in the twentieth century/] had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with marriage rates (that shrank the available pool of single women workers), (previously, in many cases, the only womenemployers would hire).
譯文:[/ 二十世紀(jì)的/(在家庭以外的被雇用的)已婚婦女的人數(shù)上的 ] 增加與其說是與家務(wù)勞動的機(jī)械化及這些婦女閑暇時間的增加有關(guān),倒不如說是與以下的兩種東西有關(guān):她們自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)需要及(減少了單身女工的勞動力資源的)高結(jié)婚率,而單身女工(是原來在大多數(shù)情況下雇主愿意雇用的惟一的一種女性)。
難句類型:正話反說
例 90:For one thing, no population can be driven/entirely by density – independent factors/all the time/.
譯文 :首先,沒有任何種群能夠/在所有的時間內(nèi)// 完全地被 d-i 因素/所控制。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 省略
例 91:/In order to understand the nature of the ecologist's investigation/, we may think of the density – dependent effects (on growth parameters) as the “signal” (that ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones,) while the density – independent effects act to produce “noise” (in the population dynamics).
譯文:/為了理解生態(tài)學(xué)家研究的本質(zhì)/, 我們可以把 d-d (對生長因素的)效果比作(生態(tài)學(xué)家們力圖分離和解釋的)“信號”,(一個傾向于將種群數(shù)量從相對較少的值增加或從相對較高的值減少的因素;)而 d-I 因素起到(一個在種群數(shù)量的動態(tài)變化中)產(chǎn)生“噪音”的作用。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 抽象詞
例 92:But (the play's complex) view (of Black self – esteem and human solidarity as compatible) is no more “contradictory”/than Du Bois' (famous, well - considered) ideal of ethnic self – awareness (coexisting with human unity, or Fanon's emphasis on an ideal internationalism) that also accommodates national identities and roles/.
譯文:但是(這出戲的復(fù)雜的)、(把黑人自尊和人類團(tuán)結(jié)看成是和諧的)觀點,/與 DB 的(且深思熟慮的)將民族自我意識共存于人類大同的理想,或是 F 對國際主義也要包含民族身份和角色這一點的強(qiáng)調(diào)都一樣,/都是不“矛盾”的。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 題干圈套
例 93:/In which of the following/does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism/of responses (such as Isaacs') to Raisin in the Sun/?
譯文:/在以下哪一個選項中/,文章的作者加強(qiáng)了他/對(類似 I 這樣的)對于《太陽下的葡萄干》做出的反應(yīng)的/批判呢?
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 94:Inheritors {of some of the viewpoints [of early twentieth – century Progressive historians (such as Beard and Becker)]}, these recent historians have put forward arguments (the deserve evaluation).
譯文:作為 {[ 二十世紀(jì)早期的進(jìn)步歷史學(xué)家(比如B和B)]的某些觀點的}后繼者,這些近來的歷史學(xué)家們提出了(一些值得我們評價的)觀點。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 三重否定
例 95:Despite these vague categories, but one should not claim/unequivocally/that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed.
譯文:盡管存在著這些模糊的分類,但是一個人仍然不應(yīng)該/毫無疑問地/說在可以被區(qū)分的階級之間的敵意不能夠被合理地觀察到。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 雙重否定
例 96:Yet those (who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists) cannot fully understand that consensus/without understanding the conflicts (that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it)/.
譯文 :然而,(那些強(qiáng)調(diào)殖民者之間達(dá)成的那一個普遍共識的成就的)人,/如果他們不理解(那些必須被克服或被壓制才可能形成共識的)矛盾的話/,那么他們就不能完全了解那個共識的意義。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 97:It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements (regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes/during the American Revolutionary War/)?
譯文:從文章中可以推斷出來,作者最有可能同意以下哪一個(關(guān)于/美國革命戰(zhàn)爭中的/社會經(jīng)濟(jì)各階層及其對叛黨和保王黨的支持的)陳述?
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略 + 抽象詞 + 易混結(jié)構(gòu)
例 98:She wished to discard the traditional methods and to discard established vocabularies (of such dance forms as ballet) and wished to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness.
譯文:她希望拋棄傳統(tǒng)的方法和(像芭蕾舞這樣的)已經(jīng)確立的舞蹈語言,而希望去探索人類表現(xiàn)力的內(nèi)在源泉。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 倒裝
例 99:Although it has been possible to infer/from the goods and services actually produced/what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, but only s study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture (of who wanted what).
譯文:盡管有可能,/從實際產(chǎn)生的商品和服務(wù)中/推斷出制造商和服務(wù)行業(yè)對于顧客需求的想法,但是只有與真正顧客所寫的個人記錄有關(guān)的研究才能對(“什么人”需要什么東西)提供一個精確的描述。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 100:With regard to this last question, we might note/in passing/that Thompson,/while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth – century English history/, but has probably exaggerated the opposition (of these people) (to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general); for example, laboring people in eighteenth – century England readily shifted from home – brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.
譯文:關(guān)于這個最后的問題,我們可以/順便/指出, T 盡管正確地使勞動人民重返十八世紀(jì)英國的歷史舞臺,但是他有可能吹噓了(這些人)(對于資本主義消費觀在普遍意義上的)敵視態(tài)度;比如說,十八世紀(jì)的英國勞動人民很容易就從家釀的啤酒轉(zhuǎn)而飲用由大型的、資本密集的城市釀酒廠生產(chǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)啤酒。
譯文:一個 [ 對于 H 的(關(guān)于為何法律上的奴隸制沒有在 17 世紀(jì) 60 年代以前出現(xiàn)的原因)所做解釋的 ] 批評顯示, [ (關(guān)于奴隸制和種族偏見之間的)關(guān)系的 ] 假說應(yīng)當(dāng)被重新檢查,而且顯示出, { 對于 [ (在北美和南美之間的)對黑奴的 ] 不同處理的 } 解釋應(yīng)當(dāng)被擴(kuò)展。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 51:The best evidence/for the layered mantle thesis/is the well – established fact {that volcanic rocks (found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle), are composed/of material [fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridges tem, (whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantel) ]}.
譯文:/對于地幔分層論來說,/的證據(jù)就是這樣的一個確鑿的事實, { 即(在海洋上的島嶼——即人們相信是產(chǎn)生于從下層地幔中升起來的地幔柱的那些島嶼——上發(fā)現(xiàn)的)火山巖石形成/于一些這樣的材料, [ 此材料從根本不同于構(gòu)成中部海脊的材料,(而中部海洋的來源,很多地質(zhì)學(xué)家論辨道,是上地幔) ]} .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 52:Some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created/by fluids [rich in “incompatible elements” (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) (percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly),/according to the vagaries of the fluids' pathways/]/.
譯文:但是,一些地質(zhì)學(xué)家,(基于關(guān)于地幔捕虜巖的觀察)認(rèn)為,地幔不是分層的,而其不同的成分是/由一些流體造成的,這些流體 [ 富含“不相容成分”(即那些趨向于作為液體而非固體而存在的成分),(這些物質(zhì)向上滲透,并/依照這些流體所經(jīng)過的隨機(jī)路徑/不規(guī)則地改變了上地幔的某些部分) ]/ .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 抽象詞
例 53:Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it/for what was to be a long demonstration [of Saint – Beuve's blindness (to the real nature of great writing)]/, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.
譯文:F 認(rèn)為, P 在 1908 年試圖開始寫一部小說,又/為了寫一部批判 [S – B 的(對偉大作品的真正本質(zhì)的)視而不見 ] 的長篇的證明/而放棄了這部小說,其后又發(fā)現(xiàn)這一論文又勾起了其個人記憶及小說情節(jié)的萌生,使得后者取而代之形成了一部穩(wěn)定展開的小說。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 抽象詞
例 54:The very richness and complexity of [of the meaningful relationships (that kept presenting and rearranging themselves/on all levels, from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings/)], made it/difficult for Proust to set them out coherently/.
譯文:正是這種 [ (/在不同層面——從抽象的智力層面到深層的夢幻般的感情——上/不斷重新出現(xiàn)和重新排列的)有意義的關(guān)聯(lián)的 ] 豐富性和復(fù)雜性,使得普羅斯特/難以把它們(此處指有意義的關(guān)聯(lián))和諧一致的展現(xiàn)出來/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 55:But those of us [who hoped, with Kolb, that (Kolb's newly published) complete edition (of Proust's correspondence for 1909) would document the process/in greater detail/] are disappointed.
譯文:但是我們當(dāng)中的 [ 那些希望(也算上 K 本人)( K 新出版的)(普魯斯特 1909 年書信的)全部能夠/更加詳細(xì)地/記錄下這一過程的人 ] 都大失所望。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 固定搭配
例 56:/Now/we must also examine the culture/as we Mexican Americans have experienced it/, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people – a charter minority on our own land/.
譯文:/現(xiàn)在/我們必須也/按照我們墨西哥裔的美國人的經(jīng)歷/來審視這個文化,/我們的經(jīng)歷是從一個主權(quán)的民族變成了新來的定居者同胞再最終淪落成為一個被征服的民族——在我們自己的土地上的契約的少數(shù)民族/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 易混指代
例 57:The molecular approach (to detecting peptide hormones/using cDNA probes/should also be/much faster than the immunological method/because it can take years of tedious purifications/to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them//.)
譯文:(采用 cDNA 探子/來探測 p 荷爾蒙)這樣一種分子生物學(xué)手段也應(yīng)該/比免疫方法要快得多/,/因為后者要花上幾千年的時間做枯燥的提純工作,/來分離 p 荷爾蒙并培養(yǎng)出其抗血清// .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 倒裝 + 修辭
例 58:Nevertheless, researchers (of the Pleistocene epoch) have developed (all sorts of) (more or less fanciful) model schemes (of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events).
譯文:然而,(研究 P 時代的)研究者發(fā)展出了(各種各樣的)(或多或少有些奇思怪想的)模型系統(tǒng),(用來顯示如果由他們來決定地質(zhì)事件的話他們將會如何安排冰川紀(jì))。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略 + 易混指代
例 59:This succession was based primarily/on (a series of) deposits and events (not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods)/, rather than being based/on the more usual modern method [of studying biological remains (found in interglacial beds) (themselves interstratified within glacial deposits)].
譯文:這一序列主要是基/于(一系列的)(與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的)沉積物和事件做出的,而不是基/于更為通常使用的現(xiàn)代方法/, [ 去研究(間冰期的地層中的)生物遺跡,(這些遺跡位于冰川沉積物的各個層面之間) ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略
例 60:There have been attempts [to explain these taboos/in terms of inappropriate social relationships (either between those who are involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging)/].
譯文:有一些試圖 [/ 使用不合適的社會關(guān)系/去解釋這些禁忌,(這些社會關(guān)系或者是在那些正在經(jīng)歷一種身體需要得到滿足的人和此時身體需要得不到滿足的人之間的,或者是在那些已經(jīng)吃飽的人和那些看起來正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽的人之間的) ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 61:Many critics (of Eamily Bronte's Wuthering Heights) see its second part/as a counterpoint [that comments/on, if it does not reverse, the first part, (where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation)]/.
譯文:很多(對于艾米麗勃朗蒂的小說《呼嘯山莊》的)評論家把小說的第二部分看/成 [ 如果不是反對小說第一部分的,則是評論小說第一部分的 ] 一個和諧的對應(yīng)物,(而在第一部分中一種浪漫主義的解讀得到了更多的確證)/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 抽象詞
例 62:Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue (an authorial) awareness (of novelistic construction) (comparable to that of Henry James), but their presence does encourage attempts (to unify the novel's heterogeneous parts).
譯文:當(dāng)然這些因素的出現(xiàn)并不一定意味著(作者)(對小說結(jié)構(gòu)的)意識(能與 HJ 的意識相比),但是它們的出現(xiàn)確實可以鼓勵一些(把小說的不同部分統(tǒng)一到一起的)試圖。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 抽象詞
例 63:This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens/into a thesis/(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wutherign Heights has recalcitrant elements [of undeniable power (that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all – encompassing interpretation)].
譯文:這倒不是因為這樣一個種解釋一定會僵化/到一個論點上/(盡管對這部小說或者任何小說的任何僵化的解釋永遠(yuǎn)是一個危險),而是因為《呼嘯山莊》中有(一些具有不可否認(rèn)的力量的)頑固因素,(這些因素,最終,拒絕被囊括在一個包羅萬象的解釋當(dāng)中)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 專業(yè)抽象詞
例 64:The isotopic composition of lead often varies/from one source of common copper ore to another/, with variations exceeding the measurement error,/and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform isotopic composition (of the lead )/from a single copper – ore source/.
譯文:鉛的同位素的成分經(jīng)常/在一個普通的銅礦石的挖掘地與另外一個挖掘地之間/有所不同/,/其差異超過了測量誤差/;而且初步的研究顯示,/從同一個銅礦的挖掘地所得的/(鉛的)同位素成分幾乎完全一致。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 倒裝
例 65:More probable is bird transport, either externally,/by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers/, or internally,/by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds/.
譯文:鳥類傳播是更為可能的方式,既可能是體外攜帶,/通過偶然的把種子附著在羽毛上/,也可能是體內(nèi)攜帶,/通過吞下果實后來又將種子排泄出去的方式/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 66:A long – held view {of the history [of the English colonies (that became the United States)]} has been that England's policy (toward these colonies before 1763) was dictated by commercial interests and has been that a change (to a more imperial policy), dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions (that ultimately led to the American Revolution).
譯文:一個 { 對于 [ (后來成了美國的)英國殖民地 ] 的歷史的 } 長久以來的觀點,認(rèn)為英國(在 1763 年以前對于這些殖民地的)政策被經(jīng)濟(jì)利益所支配,而且認(rèn)為一種(向著更大程度的帝國制度的政策上的)轉(zhuǎn)變——為擴(kuò)張主義的軍事目標(biāo)所左右——產(chǎn)生了(最終導(dǎo)致美國革命的)緊張氣氛。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 67:It is not known how area this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, (whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond;) but/when it is present,/the resemblance is regarded/as compelling evidence (what the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic)/.
譯文:現(xiàn)在還不知道這種相似稀少到什么程度,也不知道它是否最常見于像 g (石榴石)那樣的硅酸巖的內(nèi)含物(雜質(zhì))中;( g 的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)通常有點類似于鉆石的結(jié)構(gòu));但是當(dāng)這種類似出現(xiàn)的時候,這種類似就被視/為(鉆石和內(nèi)含物確實同源的)有力證據(jù)/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 省略 + 抽象詞
例 68:Even the “radical” critiques (of this mainstream research model), (such as the critique developed in Divided Society,) attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and they are thus unable (to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority).
譯文:甚至連(對這種主流研究模式的)“激進(jìn)”批評,(比如在《分裂的社會》一書中的批評),也把民族被同化的問題機(jī)械地與經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會流動性的因素聯(lián)系到一起,這樣這些批評就無法(把 PR 人作為殖民地的少數(shù)民族來說明其文化上的次等地位)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 69:They are called virtual particles/in order to distinguish them from real particles, (whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way,) and (which can be detected)/.
譯文:它們被稱之為“虛粒子”/以用來與“實粒子”相區(qū)分,(后者的生命期不以同樣的方式受到制約),而且(能夠被探測到)/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 70:Open acknowledgement [of the existence (of women's oppression)] was too radical/for the United States in the fifties/, and Beauvoir's conclusion, [that change (in women's economic condition), though insufficient by itself, but “remains the basic factor” (in improving women's situation)], was particularly unacceptable.
譯文:公開 [ 對(婦女壓迫的)存在的 ] 承認(rèn)/對于五十年代的美國而言/有些過分激進(jìn),而且 B 的結(jié)論, [ 即(婦女經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的)變化,盡管它本身不是一個充分的因素,但是“仍然是(提高婦女地位的)根本因素”的觀點,是尤其無法令人接受的 ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 71:Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped/out of the Earth's rocky mantle/by the Earth's collision with another large celestial body/after much of the Earth's iron fell to its core/.
譯文:其他的理論學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,月亮/是在地球的大部分鐵落入地核后// 由于與其他大型天體的碰撞/而被從地球的巖石狀地幔中/撕裂出來的。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 72:However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects [of early New England culture (that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan)], such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England/as a whole/, but were largely confined [to the two colonies (of Massachusetts and Connecticut)].
譯文:然而,近年來學(xué)術(shù)研究強(qiáng)烈地顯示那些 [ (看來最為明確的清教徒的)早期新英格蘭文化的 ] 一些方面,比如強(qiáng)烈的宗教導(dǎo)向和團(tuán)體意識,/整體而言/卻不是新英格蘭的典型特征,而是在很大程度上只局限 [ 于(馬薩諸賽和康涅狄格)兩個州 ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 73:Thus, what/in contrast to the Puritan colonies/appears/to Davis/to be peculiarly Southern – acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models – was not only more typically English/than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut/, but also was/almost certainly/characteristic (of most other early modern British colonies) (from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire.)
譯文:因此,/與清教徒的殖民地形成了強(qiáng)烈的對比的// 在戴維斯/看來是特別有南方色彩的特征——如:進(jìn)取心、對政治及法律的強(qiáng)烈興趣和培養(yǎng)大都市文化的欲望——不僅僅/比由清教的馬薩諸塞州和康涅狄格州所展現(xiàn)出來的文化模式/更具有典型的英國特征,而且/幾乎一定/就是(大多數(shù)其他早期現(xiàn)代英國殖民地的)典型特征,(這些殖民地的范圍從巴巴多斯以北到新罕布爾州)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 74:Portrayals {[of the folk of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, (whom he remembers from early childhood)], (of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his Harlem days), (of Pittsburgh steelworkers)}, and his reconstruction (of classical Greek myths)/in the guise of the ancient Black kingdom of Benin/ , attest/to this/.
譯文:一些描述, {[ 關(guān)于(他從小就記得的)北卡羅來納的 M 縣的人民 ] 、(關(guān)于他在 H 的日子里的爵士樂手和公寓的房頂)、(關(guān)于匹茲堡的鋼鐵工人) } 的描述,和(他的)/假借古代貝寧王國/(對古希臘神話的)重塑,都表現(xiàn)/了這一點/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 75:(A very specialized feeding) adaptation (in zooplankton) is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian {who lives in a walnut – sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus [equipped with filters (that capture and concentrate phytoplankton)]}.
譯文:(在浮游動物中出現(xiàn)的)(一種很具體化的用來捕食的)適應(yīng),就是 TA 這種動物的適應(yīng); { 它生存于一個核桃大小(或更小)的 M 的球狀物中, [M 球裝備了一些(能夠捕捉并聚攏浮游植物的)過濾裝置 ]} .
難句類型:倒裝
例 76:These historians, however, have analyzed/less fully/the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities/during the same period/.
譯文:然而這些歷史學(xué)家們卻/不曾對// 同一時期的/具體的婦女思潮和婦女運(yùn)動做出/充分的/分析。
難句類型:特殊省略 + 固定搭配
例 77:Apparently most massive stars manage to lose such sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4 ⊙ M./before they exhaust their nuclear fuel/.
譯文:顯然,大多數(shù)的巨星能夠失去足夠多的物質(zhì)以致于/在燃盡其核燃料以前/它們的質(zhì)量下降到關(guān)鍵值 1.4M ⊙ 以下。
難句類型:倒裝 + 省略
例 78:This is so even though the armed forces operate/in an ethos of institutional change (oriented toward occupational equality)/and even though the armed forces forces operate/under the federal sanction (of equal for equal work)/.
譯文:即使當(dāng)武裝部隊/是在一種(趨向職業(yè)平等的)制度變化的風(fēng)氣中/運(yùn)作的時候,而且即使部隊/是在聯(lián)邦政府的(同工同酬的)約束下/運(yùn)行的時候,情況仍然是這樣。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略 + 易混指代
例 79:An impact on Mars (capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth – intersecting orbit) is even less probable/than such an event on the Moon/,/in view of the Moon's smaller size and closer proximity to Earth/.
譯文:一個(能夠把火星表面的碎片射入地球交*軌道的)碰撞發(fā)生的可能甚至小/于這種事件在月亮發(fā)生的可能性/,/考慮到月亮的更小的尺寸及其與地球接近的程度/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 倒裝
例 80:Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor – specific unresponsiveness (in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin,/from that donor/are accepted permanently).
譯文:不僅肝的移植從來沒有被排斥,而且這些移植還誘導(dǎo)了一種對供應(yīng)移植器官者特定的無反應(yīng)狀態(tài),(在此狀態(tài)中接下來/從那個供應(yīng)者得來的/其他器官,如皮膚,會被永久的接受)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略 + 過去分詞與謂語易混
例 81:/As rock interfaces are crossed/, the elastic characteristics (encountered by seismic waves) generally change abruptly, [what causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, (where it is recorded by seismic instruments)].
譯文:/當(dāng)巖石界面被穿過的時候/, (震波所遇到的)彈性性質(zhì)通常會發(fā)生突然的變化, [ 這就使得一部分能量被反射回地面,(在地面反射回來波被震波記錄儀所記錄下來) ] .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 82:While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, but the one papyrus fragment raises the specter (that another may be unearthed,/showing, for instance, that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles/, and/throwing the date once more into utter confusion/).
譯文:盡管這個新學(xué)說看起來幾乎一定正確,可是這個沙草紙的殘片卻引起了這樣的恐懼,(那就是另外一個殘片可能會被挖掘出來,/顯示出,比如說,是屬于 D 四部曲的一個作者死后發(fā)表的遺作擊敗了 S/ , 這樣就/重新把作品的年代置于極度的混亂之中/)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 83:The methods (that a community devises to perpetuate itself) come into being/to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy (that that community perceives as essential)/.
譯文:(一個社會設(shè)計出來保存自己的)方法得以形成/來保持(那個社會認(rèn)為是最重要的)文化遺產(chǎn)的一些方面/.
能句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 84:/Traditionally/, pollination by wind has been viewed as reproductive process [marked by random events (in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for/by the generation of vast quantities of pollen/)], so that the ultimate production (of new seeds) is assured/at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used/.
譯文:/傳統(tǒng)上/, 風(fēng)媒傳粉被看成是一個這樣的繁殖過程:[ 其特征就是有一些隨機(jī)事件的發(fā)生,(在這些隨機(jī)事件里,風(fēng)的反復(fù)無常/被大量地產(chǎn)生花粉/所補(bǔ)償) ] ,以致于(新種子的)最終產(chǎn)生被保證了,/其代價是產(chǎn)生遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于實際使用量的花粉/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 省略
例 85:Because the potential hazards (that pollen grains are subject to/as they are transported over long distances/) are enormous, wind pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen (through happenstance)/ by virtue [of producing an amount of pollen (that is one to three orders of magnitude greater greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects)].
譯文:由于(花粉顆粒/在遠(yuǎn)距離傳播時/所受到的)潛在危險是巨大的,因此,在以上觀點中,風(fēng)媒植物補(bǔ)償了隨之而來的(由于偶然性所帶來的)花粉浪費,通過 [ 產(chǎn)生的花粉數(shù)量(比由昆蟲媒植物所產(chǎn)生的花粉的數(shù)量高一到三個數(shù)量級的) ] 本領(lǐng)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 專有名詞
例 86:For example, the spiral arrangement (of scale – bract complexes) [on ovule – bearing pine cones, (where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located,)] is important [to the production of airflow patterns (that spiral over the cone's surfaces)], thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.
譯文:比如說, [ (針葉樹的雌性生殖器官所在的) o-b 的松果上的 ] ( s-b c 的)螺旋狀安排, [ 對于產(chǎn)生(在松果表面盤旋的)氣流來講 ] 是重要的,這樣才能把空氣傳播的花粉從一個 s 傳播到另一個 s .
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 倒裝
例 87:Friedrich Engels, however, predicted t that women would be liberated/from the “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family/by technological developments (that made/possible/the recruitment of “of whole female *** into public industry”)/.
譯文:FE ,卻預(yù)測婦女們將被/從家庭的“社會、法律、和經(jīng)濟(jì)壓迫”中/解放出來,/這是通過(使得征召“整個女性階層進(jìn)入到公共的工業(yè)中去”/成為可能/的)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方式做到的/.
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 88:It was {not the change in office technology, but rather the separation [of secretarial work, (previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers,)/from administrative work]} that in the 1880's created a new class of “dead - end” jobs, (thenceforth considered “women's work”).
譯文:{ 倒不是辦公室技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,而是 [ (原來被視為見習(xí)經(jīng)理的職位的)秘書工作/與管理工作的/] 分離, } 在十九世紀(jì)八十年代產(chǎn)生了一種新的“死胡同”工作,(這種工作從那以后就被認(rèn)為是“婦女的工作”)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 89:The increase [in the numbers of married women (employed outside the home)/ in the twentieth century/] had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with marriage rates (that shrank the available pool of single women workers), (previously, in many cases, the only womenemployers would hire).
譯文:[/ 二十世紀(jì)的/(在家庭以外的被雇用的)已婚婦女的人數(shù)上的 ] 增加與其說是與家務(wù)勞動的機(jī)械化及這些婦女閑暇時間的增加有關(guān),倒不如說是與以下的兩種東西有關(guān):她們自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)需要及(減少了單身女工的勞動力資源的)高結(jié)婚率,而單身女工(是原來在大多數(shù)情況下雇主愿意雇用的惟一的一種女性)。
難句類型:正話反說
例 90:For one thing, no population can be driven/entirely by density – independent factors/all the time/.
譯文 :首先,沒有任何種群能夠/在所有的時間內(nèi)// 完全地被 d-i 因素/所控制。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語 + 省略
例 91:/In order to understand the nature of the ecologist's investigation/, we may think of the density – dependent effects (on growth parameters) as the “signal” (that ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones,) while the density – independent effects act to produce “noise” (in the population dynamics).
譯文:/為了理解生態(tài)學(xué)家研究的本質(zhì)/, 我們可以把 d-d (對生長因素的)效果比作(生態(tài)學(xué)家們力圖分離和解釋的)“信號”,(一個傾向于將種群數(shù)量從相對較少的值增加或從相對較高的值減少的因素;)而 d-I 因素起到(一個在種群數(shù)量的動態(tài)變化中)產(chǎn)生“噪音”的作用。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 抽象詞
例 92:But (the play's complex) view (of Black self – esteem and human solidarity as compatible) is no more “contradictory”/than Du Bois' (famous, well - considered) ideal of ethnic self – awareness (coexisting with human unity, or Fanon's emphasis on an ideal internationalism) that also accommodates national identities and roles/.
譯文:但是(這出戲的復(fù)雜的)、(把黑人自尊和人類團(tuán)結(jié)看成是和諧的)觀點,/與 DB 的(且深思熟慮的)將民族自我意識共存于人類大同的理想,或是 F 對國際主義也要包含民族身份和角色這一點的強(qiáng)調(diào)都一樣,/都是不“矛盾”的。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 題干圈套
例 93:/In which of the following/does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism/of responses (such as Isaacs') to Raisin in the Sun/?
譯文:/在以下哪一個選項中/,文章的作者加強(qiáng)了他/對(類似 I 這樣的)對于《太陽下的葡萄干》做出的反應(yīng)的/批判呢?
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 94:Inheritors {of some of the viewpoints [of early twentieth – century Progressive historians (such as Beard and Becker)]}, these recent historians have put forward arguments (the deserve evaluation).
譯文:作為 {[ 二十世紀(jì)早期的進(jìn)步歷史學(xué)家(比如B和B)]的某些觀點的}后繼者,這些近來的歷史學(xué)家們提出了(一些值得我們評價的)觀點。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 三重否定
例 95:Despite these vague categories, but one should not claim/unequivocally/that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed.
譯文:盡管存在著這些模糊的分類,但是一個人仍然不應(yīng)該/毫無疑問地/說在可以被區(qū)分的階級之間的敵意不能夠被合理地觀察到。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 雙重否定
例 96:Yet those (who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists) cannot fully understand that consensus/without understanding the conflicts (that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it)/.
譯文 :然而,(那些強(qiáng)調(diào)殖民者之間達(dá)成的那一個普遍共識的成就的)人,/如果他們不理解(那些必須被克服或被壓制才可能形成共識的)矛盾的話/,那么他們就不能完全了解那個共識的意義。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
例 97:It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements (regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes/during the American Revolutionary War/)?
譯文:從文章中可以推斷出來,作者最有可能同意以下哪一個(關(guān)于/美國革命戰(zhàn)爭中的/社會經(jīng)濟(jì)各階層及其對叛黨和保王黨的支持的)陳述?
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 省略 + 抽象詞 + 易混結(jié)構(gòu)
例 98:She wished to discard the traditional methods and to discard established vocabularies (of such dance forms as ballet) and wished to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness.
譯文:她希望拋棄傳統(tǒng)的方法和(像芭蕾舞這樣的)已經(jīng)確立的舞蹈語言,而希望去探索人類表現(xiàn)力的內(nèi)在源泉。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 倒裝
例 99:Although it has been possible to infer/from the goods and services actually produced/what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, but only s study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture (of who wanted what).
譯文:盡管有可能,/從實際產(chǎn)生的商品和服務(wù)中/推斷出制造商和服務(wù)行業(yè)對于顧客需求的想法,但是只有與真正顧客所寫的個人記錄有關(guān)的研究才能對(“什么人”需要什么東西)提供一個精確的描述。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾 + 插入語
例 100:With regard to this last question, we might note/in passing/that Thompson,/while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth – century English history/, but has probably exaggerated the opposition (of these people) (to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general); for example, laboring people in eighteenth – century England readily shifted from home – brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.
譯文:關(guān)于這個最后的問題,我們可以/順便/指出, T 盡管正確地使勞動人民重返十八世紀(jì)英國的歷史舞臺,但是他有可能吹噓了(這些人)(對于資本主義消費觀在普遍意義上的)敵視態(tài)度;比如說,十八世紀(jì)的英國勞動人民很容易就從家釀的啤酒轉(zhuǎn)而飲用由大型的、資本密集的城市釀酒廠生產(chǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)啤酒。

