2012新GRE閱讀題型之細(xì)節(jié)題全攻略（3）
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)對(duì)比
題干中問(wèn)A時(shí)間有什么特征，原文中沒(méi)有明說(shuō)，但給了A的強(qiáng)對(duì)比時(shí)間B的特征，將B的特點(diǎn)取非，即是A的特征。通常情況下，在一篇文章開(kāi)始，或者一個(gè)理論剛剛提出的時(shí)候，如果出現(xiàn)了時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)，則是出題率很高的一處語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)。如，now, new, nowadays, current ideas…和過(guò)去形成強(qiáng)對(duì)比；once, until recently, past…和現(xiàn)在形成強(qiáng)對(duì)比。如果給出一個(gè)不早不晚的明確時(shí)間，如in 1960’s，那么和它之前、之后比較都有可能。
下面以舉一個(gè)具體事例：
In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. ……
One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social group (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. ……
The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study pre-industrial Europe have used the records to establish a series or categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. ……
The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied pre-industrial Europe did which of the following?
(A) failed to make distinctions among members of the pre-industrial European political and social elite
(B) used investigatory methods that were almost exclusively statistical in nature 考試用書(shū)
(C) inaccurately estimated the influence of the pre-industrial European political and social elite
(D) confined their work to a narrow range of the pre-industrial European population
(E) tended to rely heavily on birth, marriage and death records
分析：
這篇文章在開(kāi)頭段就提到“50年代早期，研究歐洲前工業(yè)時(shí)期歷史的學(xué)者第一次開(kāi)始大規(guī)模地研究人口總數(shù)97％的普通人民群眾”。題目中所問(wèn)的是在50年代之前的情況，這正與50年代的情況形成了強(qiáng)對(duì)比。所以，正確答案應(yīng)該是與50年代的情況相反的信息，在50年代，就有了將近97％的普通人民群眾，說(shuō)明這是一個(gè)很大的比率，將近100％。那么，在50年代之前，可以肯定的是沒(méi)有50年代進(jìn)步，所以，人數(shù)一定比50年代要少，可能是很少的以部分。這樣，通過(guò)這樣的強(qiáng)對(duì)比，我們可以確定答案A是正確的，即“50年代之前的學(xué)者將其研究局限于前工業(yè)時(shí)期歐洲人口的一小部分”。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)對(duì)比
題干中問(wèn)A時(shí)間有什么特征，原文中沒(méi)有明說(shuō)，但給了A的強(qiáng)對(duì)比時(shí)間B的特征，將B的特點(diǎn)取非，即是A的特征。通常情況下，在一篇文章開(kāi)始，或者一個(gè)理論剛剛提出的時(shí)候，如果出現(xiàn)了時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)，則是出題率很高的一處語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)。如，now, new, nowadays, current ideas…和過(guò)去形成強(qiáng)對(duì)比；once, until recently, past…和現(xiàn)在形成強(qiáng)對(duì)比。如果給出一個(gè)不早不晚的明確時(shí)間，如in 1960’s，那么和它之前、之后比較都有可能。
下面以舉一個(gè)具體事例：
In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. ……
One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social group (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. ……
The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study pre-industrial Europe have used the records to establish a series or categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. ……
The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied pre-industrial Europe did which of the following?
(A) failed to make distinctions among members of the pre-industrial European political and social elite
(B) used investigatory methods that were almost exclusively statistical in nature 考試用書(shū)
(C) inaccurately estimated the influence of the pre-industrial European political and social elite
(D) confined their work to a narrow range of the pre-industrial European population
(E) tended to rely heavily on birth, marriage and death records
分析：
這篇文章在開(kāi)頭段就提到“50年代早期，研究歐洲前工業(yè)時(shí)期歷史的學(xué)者第一次開(kāi)始大規(guī)模地研究人口總數(shù)97％的普通人民群眾”。題目中所問(wèn)的是在50年代之前的情況，這正與50年代的情況形成了強(qiáng)對(duì)比。所以，正確答案應(yīng)該是與50年代的情況相反的信息，在50年代，就有了將近97％的普通人民群眾，說(shuō)明這是一個(gè)很大的比率，將近100％。那么，在50年代之前，可以肯定的是沒(méi)有50年代進(jìn)步，所以，人數(shù)一定比50年代要少，可能是很少的以部分。這樣，通過(guò)這樣的強(qiáng)對(duì)比，我們可以確定答案A是正確的，即“50年代之前的學(xué)者將其研究局限于前工業(yè)時(shí)期歐洲人口的一小部分”。