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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Lesson82課文注釋
1.Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 漁夫和水手們有時(shí)聲稱(chēng)看見(jiàn)過(guò)海里的妖怪。
to have seen是不定式的完成式結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式的完成式用于不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的情況：
I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time.
對(duì)不起，占了你這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
I'm glad to have met your family.
我很高興見(jiàn)到了你的家里人。
She seemed to have cleaned the room.
她似乎已打掃過(guò)房間了。
不定式的完成式常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand等動(dòng)詞后(這些動(dòng)詞常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))：
She is believed/said/found to have gone to Australia.
人們確認(rèn)/說(shuō)/發(fā)現(xiàn)她已經(jīng)去了澳大利亞。
He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash.
人們認(rèn)為他在空難中喪生了。
不定式的完成式與表示意圖、希望等的動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)有獨(dú)特的含義：
I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so.
我本想/本打算邀請(qǐng)他的，可是我忘記了。
I hope/plan to have finished by 12.
我希望/計(jì)劃到12點(diǎn)鐘以前就已完成。(相當(dāng)于將來(lái)完成時(shí))
2.at times，有時(shí)，偶爾。
At times I feel that he is not honest.
有時(shí)我覺(jué)得他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。
He comes to see us at times.
他有時(shí)來(lái)看我們。
3.…they are rarely caught out at sea.……它們?cè)诤Ｉ蠘O少能被捕到。
A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea…
一條小漁船被拖到了幾英里以外的海面上……
這兩句話(huà)中的out分別表示“在外?！?、“向外?！保?BR> When her little boat was caught in a storm out at sea, she thought no one could help her now.
當(dāng)她的小船在外海/遠(yuǎn)海遇上風(fēng)暴時(shí)，她覺(jué)得那時(shí)沒(méi)有人能夠救她。
Don't sail out to sea in this weather.
別在這天氣出海。
4.this was no ordinary fish, 這根本不是一條普通的魚(yú)。
no的否定意味比not(a/an)要重(用于名詞或形容詞之前、系動(dòng)詞be之后)：
They are no friends of ours.
他們根本不是我們的朋友。
This is no easy work.
這絕對(duì)不是件容易干的活。
5.made every effort, 盡一切努力。(cf.第78課課文詳注)
6.Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man…人們很少能看到活著的這類(lèi)動(dòng)物……
creature指包含人在內(nèi)的“生物”、“動(dòng)物”。指人時(shí)它可以表示憐愛(ài)等感情，多用于指女性：
There are many strange creatures in the sea.
海里有許多奇怪的生物。
The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time.
這可憐的家伙/人在那段時(shí)間里遭了不少罪。
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Lesson83課文注釋
1.The former Prime Minister, Mr. Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. 前首相溫特沃茲·萊恩先生在近的大選中被擊敗。
(1)former在這里表示“以前的”、“從前的”或“前任的”，后面需要跟名詞：
Yesterday, he received a letter from his former wife/English teacher.
昨天他收到了他前妻/以前的英語(yǔ)老師的一封信。
(2)election指一般選舉時(shí)用單數(shù)，指全國(guó)性的選舉時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)：
An election will be held next month.
下月將舉行選舉。
He hopes to defeat his rival in next year's elections.
他希望在明年的大選中擊敗對(duì)手。
2.…the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad.……這位前首相出國(guó)去了。
前綴ex-加在名詞前表示“以前的”(相當(dāng)于former)，如ex-husband(前夫)， ex-wife(前妻)，ex-taxi-driver(前出租汽車(chē)司機(jī))，ex-manager(前任經(jīng)理)，ex-headmaster(前任校長(zhǎng))等。
3.Though a little suspicious this time…雖然那位警察這次有點(diǎn)疑心……
這是一個(gè)省略了主語(yǔ)和連系動(dòng)詞的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。通常，如果從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的相同而謂語(yǔ)帶系動(dòng)詞be，則主語(yǔ)+be可省略(原因狀語(yǔ)從句例外)：
While at college, she wrote a novel.
她上大學(xué)時(shí)寫(xiě)了一部小說(shuō)。
He acted as if certain of success.
他的舉止就像一定會(huì)成功一樣。(方式)
If possible, please let me know by this evening.
如果可能的話(huà)，請(qǐng)?jiān)诮裢硪郧案嬖V我。(條件)
Though tired, he went to bed very late.
他雖然疲憊，但還是很晚才上床。(讓步)
原因狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式要帶分詞being：
Being worried about his child, he walked up and down in the room.
他由于為孩子擔(dān)心，在屋子里來(lái)回走著。
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Lesson84課文注釋
1.go on strike，罷工。
on strike表示“在罷工”：
The workers are on strike.
工人們?cè)诹T工。
It is not clear yet when the teachers on strike will return to their classrooms.
目前還不清楚罷課的教師何時(shí)會(huì)回到教室去。
Must we go on strike?
我們必須罷工嗎?
2.The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. 罷工定于星期二開(kāi)始。
due表示“預(yù)定的”、“約定的”，后面可以跟帶to的不定式，也可以不跟。它后面通常有確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：
The plane is due(to arrive)in London at 9 o'clock.
飛機(jī)預(yù)定9點(diǎn)抵達(dá)倫敦。
The performance is due to begin at 7 o'clock in the evening.
演出定于晚上7點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。
due to后面若是名詞，則它表示“由于”、“因?yàn)椤?通常用于系動(dòng)詞be之后)：
Our delay was due to the heavy traffic.
我們被耽擱了是因?yàn)榻煌〒頂D。
3.…the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions.……此次罷工將一直持續(xù)到就工資和工作條件問(wèn)題達(dá)成全面協(xié)議的時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂?BR> 在until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)agreement的定語(yǔ)about pay and working conditions被謂語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)了。因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)很短，如果定語(yǔ)緊跟agreement，則句子讀起來(lái)會(huì)頭重腳輕。這種修飾語(yǔ)與被修飾語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)的情況通常在不會(huì) 引起誤解時(shí)使用。如He looked at the girl with large blue eyes這句話(huà)就容易引起誤解，with large blue eyes既可修飾he也可修飾the girl。
4.to some extent，在某種程度上。
也可以用to a certain extent：
The weather has helped me to some/a certain extent.
天氣在某種程度上幫了我的忙。
5.press，新聞界，報(bào)界;記者們(集合名詞，后面動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可)。
Ian is a member of the press.
伊恩是位新聞界人士。
The press is/are waiting to see the president.
記者們?cè)诘戎?jiàn)總統(tǒng)。
6.Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!只有一兩個(gè)人提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，說(shuō)學(xué)生們會(huì)把車(chē)開(kāi)得太快!
object作動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面可以跟從句，表示“提出異議”、“反對(duì)”;它后面也可以跟介詞to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞，表示“反對(duì)”、“不喜歡”、“不贊成：
They objected that the book was too difficult for them.
他們提出異議，說(shuō)這本書(shū)對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。
A lot of people object to smoking in public places.
許多人不贊成在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。
Do you object to my sitting beside you?
你反對(duì)我坐在你旁邊嗎?