2020年中考英語易混知識點(diǎn)匯總

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備考是一種經(jīng)歷,也是一種體驗。每天進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),基礎(chǔ)扎實一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),通過考試就會更容易一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。為您提供2020年中考英語易混知識點(diǎn)匯總,快來看看吧!
    
    一.英語語法重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
       1、 as…as…結(jié)構(gòu):你和湯姆是一樣好的孩子。
       You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.
    2、 (1)too…to與 so…that sb. can’t…的句型轉(zhuǎn)換:前者為簡單句,主語只有一個,而后者為復(fù)合句,主語有兩個,試比較:
       The man was too angry to be able to speak.
    The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.
    (2) too…to…與 not enough to句型的轉(zhuǎn)換:
       He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.
    The book is too difficult for me to read.=
    The book is not easy enough for me to read.
    3、 形容詞原級表示比較級含義:
       約翰不象邁克那么苯。
       John is not so stupid as Mike.
    John is less stupid than Mike.
    John is cleverer than Mike.
    4、 用比較級表示級:約翰是班里的男生。
       John is taller than any other boy in the class.
    John is the tallest boy in the class.
    5、 the +比較級…, the +比較級….表示“越……,越……”:
       The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
    The more food you eat, the fatter you are.
    6、比較級+and +比較級….表示“越來越……”:
       More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.
    Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
    二.中考考點(diǎn)—詞組
       1. after, in 這兩個介詞都可以表示“……(時間)以后”的意思
       after 以過去為起點(diǎn),表示過去一段時間之后,常用于過去時態(tài)的句子中。
       如:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的
       in 以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn),表將來一段時間以后,常用于將來時態(tài)的句子中
       如:She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走
       2. how long, how often, how soon
    how long指多長時間,主要用來對一段時間(如three days, four weeks 等)提問?如:How long ago was it? 這是多久前的事了?
       how often指每隔多久,主要用來對頻率副詞或狀語(如once a week等)提問。如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久來一次?每月一次。
       how soon指再過多久,主要用來對表示將來的一段時間(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提問。如:How soon can you come? 你多快能趕來?
       3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some
    few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“幾乎沒有”
    a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一點(diǎn)兒”
    few 和 a few修飾可數(shù)名詞;little 和 a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞
       several用于修飾可數(shù)名詞,語意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好幾個”的意思
       some可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,從數(shù)量上說,它有時相當(dāng)于a few 或 a little,有時指更多一些的數(shù)量
       4. the other, another
    the other 指兩個人或事物中的“另一個”,表示特指。如:We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other. 我們站在街這邊,他們站在那邊
       another著重于不定數(shù)目中的“另外一個”,表示泛指,所以常用來指至少三個中的一個?如:She has taken another of my books. 她已經(jīng)拿了我的另外一本書
       5. spend, take, cost, pay
    spend的賓語通常是指花費(fèi)時間/金錢,在主動語態(tài)中,句子的主語必須是人,而且后面不能用動詞不定式做它的賓語。sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth./on sth.如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整個晚上用來讀書
       take常常用來指“花費(fèi)”時間,句子的主語通常是表示事物的詞語.It takes sb. some time to do sth.如:How long will this job take you?你做這項工作要花多長時間?
       cost 指花費(fèi)時間?金錢或力氣等,只能用表示事物的詞做主語,并且不能用于被動語態(tài).sth. cost sb. some money.如:How much does the jacket cost?這件夾克多少錢?
       pay 主要指主語(某人)買某物(或為某事)付多少錢(給某人).sb. pay some money for sth.如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金
       6. among, between
    between 的意思是“在……中間,在……之間”,一般指在兩者之間?如:There is a table between two windows. 在兩扇窗戶之間有一張桌子。between 有時也表示在多于兩個以上的事物之間,但那是指在每二者之間。如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之間的關(guān)系(這里是指每兩個省市之間的相互關(guān)系?)
    among指的是三者或三者以上之間。
       7. beat, win
    這兩個詞都有“獲勝,打敗”的意思,但其后賓語不同?
       beat是“打敗,優(yōu)于”的意思,后面接人/組織/團(tuán)體。如:We beat them. 我們打敗了他們。
       win指“贏,獲勝”,后面接比賽/戰(zhàn)爭/獎勵的名稱。如:We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我們贏了這場比賽(獲得了第一名)。
       8. agree with, agree on, agree to
    agree on表示“就……取得一致意見”?如:We all agree on (making) an early start. 我們一致同意及早出發(fā)?
       agree with表示“與……意見一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名詞或人稱代詞,也可以跟表示意見。看法的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的從句?。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫無保留地同意你的意見。We agree with what you said just now.我們同意你剛才所說的意見。
       agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提議,計劃,方案”等詞句?如:I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意擬議的條件。
       9. bring, take, carry,fetch
    這四個詞都是動詞,都含有“帶”或“拿”的意思,但使用的場合各不相同。
       bring作“帶來,拿來”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品帶給我。
       take是bring的對語,作“帶去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away, please. 請把盒子拿走。
       carry表示“運(yùn)載,攜帶”之意,運(yùn)送的方式很多,可以用車、船,也可以用手甚至用頭。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 這輛巴士準(zhǔn)載一百人。
       fetch則表示“去拿來”的意思。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room. 請到那間房間去把文件拿來給我。
       10. each, every
    兩詞都是“每個”的意思,但著重點(diǎn)不同。
       each著重個別的情況,指兩者或兩者以上每個。   every著重全體,指三者多三者以上每個,有“所有的”的意思。
       如:She knows each student of the class.她認(rèn)識這個班里的每一個學(xué)生。She knows every student of the class.她認(rèn)識這個班所有的學(xué)生。
       11. no one, none
    no one指“沒有人(只能指人,不能用來指物)”,意思與nobody相同,作主語時不必跟of連用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest. 沒有人相信他,因為他不誠實。No one else but I went. 除我以外,誰也沒去。
       none指“一個也沒有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主語時代替不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;代替可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)都可以。但在“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果表語為復(fù)數(shù),則系動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我們誰也不怕困難。
       12. go on doing, go on to do, go on with
    這三個動詞短語都有“繼續(xù)做某事”的意思,其區(qū)別如下:
       go on doing 表示“繼續(xù)做,一直在做某事(中間無間斷)”;
       go on to do 表示“接著做某事”,即某事已做完,接著做另一件事;
       go on with 也表示“繼續(xù)做某事”,其含義是某一動作一度中止后,又繼續(xù)下去。
       13. too much, much too
    二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too為副詞詞組,修飾形容詞、副詞,不可修飾動詞。如:It’s much too cold.天氣實在是太冷了。
       too much作“太多”講,有以下三種用法?
       (1)作名詞詞組 如:You have given us too much. 你給我們的太多了。
       (2)作形容詞詞組修飾不可數(shù)名詞 如:Don’t drink too much wine. 不要飲太多的酒
       (3)作副詞詞組修飾不及物動詞 如:She talks too much. 她說話太多
       14. happen, take place與occur
    happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客觀事物?情況的發(fā)生?。如:Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?腫得好歷害!
       occur 指有計劃地使某些事“發(fā)生”,有時強(qiáng)調(diào)“呈現(xiàn)”于人的知覺中。如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你難道沒想到就這事給他們打個電話?
       事件作主語時,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天發(fā)生的。
       take place 指事件發(fā)生,但常用來表示“舉行”的意思,帶有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.會議昨晚舉行。
       15. in front of, in the front of
    in front of的意思是“在……前面”。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵樹。
       in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某個空間范圍內(nèi)的前面。如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一塊黑板
       16. noise, voice, sound
    這三個詞都作“聲音”解,在表示“聽到聲音”這個意思時,三者可以通用,但它們又各有特定的含義。
       sound 作“聲音”解,含義最廣,指可以聽到的任何聲音,如:a weak sound 微弱的聲
       noise作“噪音,嘈雜聲,吵鬧聲”解,指不悅耳,不和諧的聲音,它既可作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不可數(shù)名詞。如:Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一種污染是噪音。
       voice 作“聲音”解時,多指人發(fā)出的聲音,包括說話聲、歌聲和笑聲。如:He shouted at the top of voice. 他高聲呼喊。有時也用于引申意義,作“意見、發(fā)言權(quán)”解。如:I have no voice in the matter. 對于這件事,我沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。
       17. arrive, get, reach
    三者均可表示“到達(dá)”
    arrive后通常接介詞at(一般用于較小的地方)或 in(一般用于較大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我們晚了5分鐘到車站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他們將于下周星期一到達(dá)巴黎?
       get之后通常接介詞to。如:When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我們到達(dá)公園時,就開始下雨了。
       reach是及物動詞(較 get更正式),其后可直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞做賓語(不能用介詞)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達(dá)北京。
       三.情態(tài)動詞
       1.考查情態(tài)動詞表示“推測”的用法
       [考點(diǎn)]
    表示肯定推測的情態(tài)動詞有:must“一定;準(zhǔn)是”,may“也許;可能”,might“或許”;
       表示否定推測的情態(tài)動詞有:can't“不可能”, couldn't“不會”,may not“也許不”,might not“或許不”;
       can表示推測時不用于肯定句,may表示推測時不用于疑問句。
       2.考查情態(tài)動詞引起的一般疑問句的答語
       [考點(diǎn)]
    回答must時,肯定答語用must,否定答語用needn't或don't have to。
       回答need時,肯定答語用must,否定答語用needn't。
       回答may時,肯定答語用may,否定答語用mustn't 或can't。
       3.考查情態(tài)動詞的意義   [考點(diǎn)]
    must “必須”;
       have to“不得不”;
       need “必須;需要”;
       can(could)“能;可能”;
       may (might) “可以;可能”;
       shall,will (would)“將;會;愿意;要”;
       should“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。
       “had better (not) + 動詞原形”表示建議;
       have to / has to / had to的否定,疑問形式要借助于助動詞do / does / did。
       四. There be 的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
       There be是一個“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,
       肯定句的形式為:There be + 名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))+地點(diǎn)狀語或時間狀語。
       be動詞單復(fù)數(shù)的確定,看be后邊第一個名詞,當(dāng)所接主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時,be動詞形式為is;當(dāng)所接主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,be動詞為are;當(dāng)be動詞后接兩個以上主語時,be動詞與最臨近主語保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。意思為“某地有某人或某物”。如:
       There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。
       There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。
       (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
       否定形式為:There be + not + (any) + 名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語。
       There is not any cat in the room. 房間里沒貓。
       There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上沒書。
      ?。?)there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語
       肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
    -Is there a dog in the picture?畫上有一只狗嗎
       -Yes, there is. 有。
       -Are there any boats in the river?河里有船嗎
       -No, there aren't. 沒有。
      ?。?)特殊疑問句:How many . . . are there (+地點(diǎn)狀語)
       某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .
    There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
    有時直接就用數(shù)字來回答。One. / Two . . .
    -How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少學(xué)生
       -There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一個。/有九個。
       (4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,用:How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 地點(diǎn)狀語
       How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水
       五. 中考對定語從句的考查:
       1.定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)
       在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如:
       This is the present that he gave me for my birthday
    2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用
       關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句,在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分。關(guān)系待客做主語,賓語,定語,關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。
       1. 作主語:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如:
       I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
    The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
    2. 作賓語:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
    The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
    3. 作定語
       關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如:
       What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
       The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
    4. 作狀語
       I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
    三. 各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法
       1. who 指人,在定語從句中作主語。例如:
       The person who broke the window must pay for it.
    The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.   2. whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語。例如:
       Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
       Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
    3. whose 指人,在定語從句中作定語。例如:
       The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
    I know the boy whose father is a professor.
    4. which指物,在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如:
       A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
    Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
    5. that多指物,有時也指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如:
       I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
    Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
       6. when 指時間,在定語從句中作狀語。例如:
       I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
    He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
    7. where 指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作狀語。例如:
       This is the house where we lived last year.
    The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
    四. 關(guān)系代詞 whom, which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間,有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置于定語從句的后面,如:
       That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
    which we had lived in for ten years.
    五. 具體使用時還要注意下列問題:
       1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情況:
       (1) 先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時。例如:
       All that he said is true.
    (2) 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時。例如:
       He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
    (3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如:
       He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
    (4) 先行詞是形容詞級或被形容詞級修飾的詞。
       This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
    (5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如:
       He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
    2. 只能用which,不用that 的情況:
       (1) 在非限制性定語從中。例如:
       The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
    (2) 定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),先行詞是物時。例如:
       The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
    考查的主要形式是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語從句。