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社會學(xué)家認為，有幾種不同的方法可以使人成為某個社會群體公認的。在家庭生活中，傳統(tǒng)的文化模式賦予(confer…on…)父母一方或者雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的地位。在其他情況下，比如友誼團體，盡管沒有正式的選舉程序，一個或更多的人會逐漸地成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。在比較大的群體中，通常是通過正式的選舉或招募的形式產(chǎn)生的。雖然通常認為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)具有不同尋常的個人能力，數(shù)十年的研究未能找出可靠的證據(jù)來證明哪些人是“天生的”。
譯文參考：
(1) According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. (2) In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. (3) In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. (4) In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. (5) Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce reliable evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”.
技巧點撥：
(1)“社會學(xué)家認為”譯為“According to sociologists”。不要以為according to 只能是“根據(jù)……”的意思，也不要以為“某人認為”只能譯為“someone thinks…”。語言是可以變通的。
(2)“成為某個社會群體公認的” 譯為“become recognized as the leader of a social group”，注意這種變通的表達。
(3)注意confer…on…的用法，confer sth. on sb. 這里是“賦予父母一方或者雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的地位”，譯為“confer leadership on one or both of the parents”。
(4)“逐漸地成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”譯為“gradually emerge as leaders”，注意emerge的用法，能反映出一個過程。
(5)“未能找出可靠的證據(jù)”譯為“have failed to produce reliable evidence”，注意“fail”的用法，“fail”具有否定的含義。