Lesson 37 The Olympic Games
【New words and expressions】（9）
Olympic adj. 奧林匹克的
hold v. 召開
government n. 政府
immense adj. 巨大的
stadium n. 露天體育場(chǎng)
standard n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
capital n. 首都
fantastic adj. 巨大的
design v. 設(shè)計(jì)
★Olympic adj. 奧林匹克的
the Olympic games 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱the Games，一般大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)用games)
★hold (held，held) v. 召開
① vt. 拿著，抓住，抱住
Please hold the bady while I take off my coat.
Why are you holding my bag?
② 容納，裝得下，包含
This cup can’t hold much water. 這杯子裝不了多少水。
The stadium can hold 20,000 people.
③ 舉行，進(jìn)行（會(huì)議、會(huì)談等）；慶祝（節(jié)日）；紀(jì)念
have a meeting = hold a meeting 召開會(huì)議
hold習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)：
The Olympic games will be held in China in 2008. (two thousand eight)
A festival is held at Edinburgh every year. 節(jié)日慶典每年在愛丁堡舉行.
We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject.
明天我們準(zhǔn)備開會(huì)來討論這個(gè)議題.
The next conference will be held in Geneva. 下次會(huì)議將在日內(nèi)瓦舉行.
★immense [i5mens] adj. 巨大的
★fantastic adj. 巨大的
immense adj. 極大的, 無邊的, 一望無際的
The universe is immense.
immense ocean
big adj.（一般的）大的
big man 大人物
large adj. 數(shù)量的大, 尺寸的大
large man 大塊頭
great adj. 偉大的, 重要的
great man 偉人
huge [hju:dV] adj.(體積的)巨大的, 龐大，極大的, 無限的
fantastic [fAn5tAstik] adj. 巨大的(建筑等，表驚嘆)，好極的, 宏偉的
★stadium n. 露天體育場(chǎng)
playground n. 操場(chǎng)
sports field 運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng), 體育場(chǎng)（sports 各種各樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)）
gymnasium [dVim5neiziEm, ^im5nB:ziEm]=gym [dVim] n. 健身房，體育館；體育
籃球場(chǎng) gym ；足球場(chǎng) stadium
★standard n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
high standard 高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
Olympic-standard 奧林匹克標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)中的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn))（復(fù)合形容詞：形容詞+名詞）
★capital n. 首都
capital adj. 大寫的, 重要的
capital punishment 極刑 (punishment [5pQniFmEnt] n.懲罰, 處罰, 懲處)
hot seat 電椅（國(guó)外的極刑）
★design v. 設(shè)計(jì)
① vt. &vi. 設(shè)計(jì)圖樣
George has designed a new bridge.
② vt. &vi. 打算（做……），計(jì)劃
He designed to enter for the competition.
This book is designed for foreign tourist.
③ n. 圖樣，圖紙；設(shè)計(jì)
Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress.
Here is the design of the new house.
designer n. 設(shè)計(jì)師
well－designed 設(shè)計(jì)不錯(cuò)的（復(fù)合形容詞：副詞+過去分詞）
【Text】
The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
參考譯文
4年以后, 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在我們國(guó)家舉行. 由于將有大批的人到我們國(guó)家來, 所以政府準(zhǔn)備建造一些新的飯店、一個(gè)大型體育場(chǎng)和一個(gè)新的奧運(yùn)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)游泳池. 他們還將修筑一些新的道路和一條鐵路專線. 奧運(yùn)會(huì)就在首都市郊舉辦, 整個(gè)地區(qū)將被稱作 “奧林匹克城” . 工人們將在今年年底前把新路鋪好; 到明年年底, 他們將把新體育場(chǎng)建成. 這些巨大的現(xiàn)代化建筑是由庫爾特·岡特設(shè)計(jì)的. 大家都將急切地注視著新建筑的建成. 我們都非常激動(dòng), 盼望著奧運(yùn)會(huì)的到來, 因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)國(guó)家里還從未舉辦過奧運(yùn)會(huì).
【課文講解】
1、The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time.
in four years’ time 四年之后（in常與將來時(shí)連用表示“……時(shí)間之后”）
He will be back in ten minutes or half an hour.
four years later 四年后
four years ago 四年前
2、As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool.
as/because原因，as是連詞，引出原因狀語從句，as用于表示原因時(shí)通常位于句首，它所表明的原因?qū)τ谥v話對(duì)象可能是已知的，因此沒必要再予以強(qiáng)調(diào)。because任何時(shí)候都可代替as，來說明一種或幾種原因，但as則不一定總能代替because。because一般跟在主句后面，強(qiáng)調(diào)講話的對(duì)象可能不知道的原因。
As you can’t type the letter yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan to do it for you.
Jim’s trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car.
a large number of people = a great many people 大批的人
an immense stadium 一個(gè)大型體育場(chǎng)
a new Olympic-standard swimming pool 一個(gè)新的奧運(yùn)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的游泳池
3、They will also be building new roads and a special railway line.
be building 修建
a special railway-line 專線鐵路
4、Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
by the end of this year 到今年年底前
by the end of next year 到明年年底前
by是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志, 表示“到……為止，在……之前，并不晚于某時(shí)的任何時(shí)間”，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的名詞名詞連用，只能與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的名詞或詞組連用，用于肯定句與用于否定句有一定區(qū)別。
I’ll have left by Monday. 到星期一我將已離開。（星期一之前的任何時(shí)間）
I won’t have left by Monday. 我星期一之前不會(huì)離開。 （星期一還在）
5、Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.
as是連詞，相當(dāng)于while，當(dāng)“當(dāng)，正值”講，引出時(shí)間狀語從句，它引導(dǎo)的從句雖然表示將來的動(dòng)作但要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用 “…will go up”
be built強(qiáng)調(diào)建造；go up （建筑物）被興建起來，拔地而起
Many new houses are going up in this district.
6、We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
look forward to+n./pron./doing sth. (很高興的)盼望，期待
look forward to…與expect(期待)的區(qū)別是expect沒有高不高興的成分
Look forward to your letter.
【Letter Writing】
在信的地址下面必須寫上完整的日期。日期有兩種寫法，如：17th April, 19-；April 17th 19-，數(shù)字寫法如下：1st（1日）；2nd（2日）；3rd（3日）；4th（4日）等。
【Key structures】
一般將來完成時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)除了可以用來預(yù)言將來發(fā)生的事以外，還可以表示“意愿”，如允諾、建議、請(qǐng)求、提議等。
The radio hasn’t been mended yet. Never mind! I’ll mend it for you. （允諾）
Will you open the door for me please! （請(qǐng)求）
Shall we go for a swim tomorrow? （建議）
將來進(jìn)行時(shí)除了表示近或不久的將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作外，還可以表示計(jì)劃或安排好的事：
A great many people will be visiting the country.
將來完成時(shí)用于表示到將來某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。將來完成時(shí)由will have+過去分詞構(gòu)成。它常與by和not…till/until+表示時(shí)間的名詞連用。
I hope they’ll have finished it in time for the journey.
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.
I will have finished it until/till tomorrow.
現(xiàn)在完成式 : 到現(xiàn)在某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止
過去完成式 : 到過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止
將來完成式 : 到將來某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止, 某個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生
【Special Difficulties】
Look的短語
Look forward to (expect with pleasure) (高興地)盼望，期待著（to為介詞后面只能跟名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞，不能接動(dòng)詞原形）
I am looking forward to the summer holidays. 我正盼望暑假的到來.
I look forward to seeing to you during the weekend.
Look out (be careful) 當(dāng)心 (注意)，留神
Look out! A bus is coming. 當(dāng)心點(diǎn), 公共汽車來了.
You should always look out when you walk across a road.
Look out of 朝外看
Don’t look out of the window.
Look up
① (get information from a reference book) 查閱 (從參考書中獲取資料)
I don't understand this word. I shall look it up in a dictionary.
我不懂這個(gè)詞的詞義, 我要查一下字典.
② (visit) 拜訪，看望
Don't forget to look me up when you return. 回來時(shí)別忘了來看我.
I’m going to look up Mary this afternoon.
Exercise 練習(xí) 用hold或look的正確形式填空 :
4 The students' union ______ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday.
5 My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm. Why don't you ______ her______ when you're there?
6 Examinations will be ______ next week. I'm not ______ them.
4. held
debate on … 辯論…… （debate [di5beit] v. 爭(zhēng)論, 辯論；n. 爭(zhēng)論, 辯論）
union [5ju:njEn] n. 聯(lián)合，合并，結(jié)合，聯(lián)盟，協(xié)會(huì)
口語過程三步：dialogue(對(duì)話)；discussion(討論)；debate(爭(zhēng)論)
capital n. 首都；大寫
5. look (her) up
look (sb.) up : 拜訪, 看看, 在英文中并不一定是很正式的, 只是去看看的意思
6. held；looking forward to
hold an exam 舉行考試
take the exam 接受考試
【Multiple choice questions】
4 By the end of next year they will have finished the new stadium. This means they will finish it ___b___ the end of next year.
a. at b. before c. after d. long before
by=before 到……為止, 在……之前, 不遲于
long before 在之前很久
7 We are looking forward to the Olympic Games, ___a___ they have never been held before in this country.
a. for b. why c. because of d. due to
because強(qiáng)調(diào)后面的是原因，后跟句子
because of 因?yàn)椤ń樵~短語，不會(huì)加句子）
why不能直接做連詞
due to + 名詞 由于……（介詞短語，不會(huì)加句子）
His success is due to his hard work.
12 We are looking forward to the Games. So we will be ___a___ when they begin.
a. pleased b. unhappy c. sorry d. impatient
be pleased 感到高興地, 令人滿意地
be pleased to do sth. 樂于做某事
impatient [im5peiFEnt] adj. 不耐煩的, 急躁的, 不耐心的
【New words and expressions】（9）
Olympic adj. 奧林匹克的
hold v. 召開
government n. 政府
immense adj. 巨大的
stadium n. 露天體育場(chǎng)
standard n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
capital n. 首都
fantastic adj. 巨大的
design v. 設(shè)計(jì)
★Olympic adj. 奧林匹克的
the Olympic games 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱the Games，一般大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)用games)
★hold (held，held) v. 召開
① vt. 拿著，抓住，抱住
Please hold the bady while I take off my coat.
Why are you holding my bag?
② 容納，裝得下，包含
This cup can’t hold much water. 這杯子裝不了多少水。
The stadium can hold 20,000 people.
③ 舉行，進(jìn)行（會(huì)議、會(huì)談等）；慶祝（節(jié)日）；紀(jì)念
have a meeting = hold a meeting 召開會(huì)議
hold習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)：
The Olympic games will be held in China in 2008. (two thousand eight)
A festival is held at Edinburgh every year. 節(jié)日慶典每年在愛丁堡舉行.
We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject.
明天我們準(zhǔn)備開會(huì)來討論這個(gè)議題.
The next conference will be held in Geneva. 下次會(huì)議將在日內(nèi)瓦舉行.
★immense [i5mens] adj. 巨大的
★fantastic adj. 巨大的
immense adj. 極大的, 無邊的, 一望無際的
The universe is immense.
immense ocean
big adj.（一般的）大的
big man 大人物
large adj. 數(shù)量的大, 尺寸的大
large man 大塊頭
great adj. 偉大的, 重要的
great man 偉人
huge [hju:dV] adj.(體積的)巨大的, 龐大，極大的, 無限的
fantastic [fAn5tAstik] adj. 巨大的(建筑等，表驚嘆)，好極的, 宏偉的
★stadium n. 露天體育場(chǎng)
playground n. 操場(chǎng)
sports field 運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng), 體育場(chǎng)（sports 各種各樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)）
gymnasium [dVim5neiziEm, ^im5nB:ziEm]=gym [dVim] n. 健身房，體育館；體育
籃球場(chǎng) gym ；足球場(chǎng) stadium
★standard n. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
high standard 高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
Olympic-standard 奧林匹克標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)中的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn))（復(fù)合形容詞：形容詞+名詞）
★capital n. 首都
capital adj. 大寫的, 重要的
capital punishment 極刑 (punishment [5pQniFmEnt] n.懲罰, 處罰, 懲處)
hot seat 電椅（國(guó)外的極刑）
★design v. 設(shè)計(jì)
① vt. &vi. 設(shè)計(jì)圖樣
George has designed a new bridge.
② vt. &vi. 打算（做……），計(jì)劃
He designed to enter for the competition.
This book is designed for foreign tourist.
③ n. 圖樣，圖紙；設(shè)計(jì)
Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress.
Here is the design of the new house.
designer n. 設(shè)計(jì)師
well－designed 設(shè)計(jì)不錯(cuò)的（復(fù)合形容詞：副詞+過去分詞）
【Text】
The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
參考譯文
4年以后, 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在我們國(guó)家舉行. 由于將有大批的人到我們國(guó)家來, 所以政府準(zhǔn)備建造一些新的飯店、一個(gè)大型體育場(chǎng)和一個(gè)新的奧運(yùn)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)游泳池. 他們還將修筑一些新的道路和一條鐵路專線. 奧運(yùn)會(huì)就在首都市郊舉辦, 整個(gè)地區(qū)將被稱作 “奧林匹克城” . 工人們將在今年年底前把新路鋪好; 到明年年底, 他們將把新體育場(chǎng)建成. 這些巨大的現(xiàn)代化建筑是由庫爾特·岡特設(shè)計(jì)的. 大家都將急切地注視著新建筑的建成. 我們都非常激動(dòng), 盼望著奧運(yùn)會(huì)的到來, 因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)國(guó)家里還從未舉辦過奧運(yùn)會(huì).
【課文講解】
1、The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time.
in four years’ time 四年之后（in常與將來時(shí)連用表示“……時(shí)間之后”）
He will be back in ten minutes or half an hour.
four years later 四年后
four years ago 四年前
2、As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool.
as/because原因，as是連詞，引出原因狀語從句，as用于表示原因時(shí)通常位于句首，它所表明的原因?qū)τ谥v話對(duì)象可能是已知的，因此沒必要再予以強(qiáng)調(diào)。because任何時(shí)候都可代替as，來說明一種或幾種原因，但as則不一定總能代替because。because一般跟在主句后面，強(qiáng)調(diào)講話的對(duì)象可能不知道的原因。
As you can’t type the letter yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan to do it for you.
Jim’s trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car.
a large number of people = a great many people 大批的人
an immense stadium 一個(gè)大型體育場(chǎng)
a new Olympic-standard swimming pool 一個(gè)新的奧運(yùn)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的游泳池
3、They will also be building new roads and a special railway line.
be building 修建
a special railway-line 專線鐵路
4、Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
by the end of this year 到今年年底前
by the end of next year 到明年年底前
by是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志, 表示“到……為止，在……之前，并不晚于某時(shí)的任何時(shí)間”，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的名詞名詞連用，只能與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的名詞或詞組連用，用于肯定句與用于否定句有一定區(qū)別。
I’ll have left by Monday. 到星期一我將已離開。（星期一之前的任何時(shí)間）
I won’t have left by Monday. 我星期一之前不會(huì)離開。 （星期一還在）
5、Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up.
as是連詞，相當(dāng)于while，當(dāng)“當(dāng)，正值”講，引出時(shí)間狀語從句，它引導(dǎo)的從句雖然表示將來的動(dòng)作但要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不能用 “…will go up”
be built強(qiáng)調(diào)建造；go up （建筑物）被興建起來，拔地而起
Many new houses are going up in this district.
6、We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
look forward to+n./pron./doing sth. (很高興的)盼望，期待
look forward to…與expect(期待)的區(qū)別是expect沒有高不高興的成分
Look forward to your letter.
【Letter Writing】
在信的地址下面必須寫上完整的日期。日期有兩種寫法，如：17th April, 19-；April 17th 19-，數(shù)字寫法如下：1st（1日）；2nd（2日）；3rd（3日）；4th（4日）等。
【Key structures】
一般將來完成時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)除了可以用來預(yù)言將來發(fā)生的事以外，還可以表示“意愿”，如允諾、建議、請(qǐng)求、提議等。
The radio hasn’t been mended yet. Never mind! I’ll mend it for you. （允諾）
Will you open the door for me please! （請(qǐng)求）
Shall we go for a swim tomorrow? （建議）
將來進(jìn)行時(shí)除了表示近或不久的將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作外，還可以表示計(jì)劃或安排好的事：
A great many people will be visiting the country.
將來完成時(shí)用于表示到將來某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。將來完成時(shí)由will have+過去分詞構(gòu)成。它常與by和not…till/until+表示時(shí)間的名詞連用。
I hope they’ll have finished it in time for the journey.
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.
I will have finished it until/till tomorrow.
現(xiàn)在完成式 : 到現(xiàn)在某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止
過去完成式 : 到過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止
將來完成式 : 到將來某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止, 某個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生
【Special Difficulties】
Look的短語
Look forward to (expect with pleasure) (高興地)盼望，期待著（to為介詞后面只能跟名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞，不能接動(dòng)詞原形）
I am looking forward to the summer holidays. 我正盼望暑假的到來.
I look forward to seeing to you during the weekend.
Look out (be careful) 當(dāng)心 (注意)，留神
Look out! A bus is coming. 當(dāng)心點(diǎn), 公共汽車來了.
You should always look out when you walk across a road.
Look out of 朝外看
Don’t look out of the window.
Look up
① (get information from a reference book) 查閱 (從參考書中獲取資料)
I don't understand this word. I shall look it up in a dictionary.
我不懂這個(gè)詞的詞義, 我要查一下字典.
② (visit) 拜訪，看望
Don't forget to look me up when you return. 回來時(shí)別忘了來看我.
I’m going to look up Mary this afternoon.
Exercise 練習(xí) 用hold或look的正確形式填空 :
4 The students' union ______ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday.
5 My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm. Why don't you ______ her______ when you're there?
6 Examinations will be ______ next week. I'm not ______ them.
4. held
debate on … 辯論…… （debate [di5beit] v. 爭(zhēng)論, 辯論；n. 爭(zhēng)論, 辯論）
union [5ju:njEn] n. 聯(lián)合，合并，結(jié)合，聯(lián)盟，協(xié)會(huì)
口語過程三步：dialogue(對(duì)話)；discussion(討論)；debate(爭(zhēng)論)
capital n. 首都；大寫
5. look (her) up
look (sb.) up : 拜訪, 看看, 在英文中并不一定是很正式的, 只是去看看的意思
6. held；looking forward to
hold an exam 舉行考試
take the exam 接受考試
【Multiple choice questions】
4 By the end of next year they will have finished the new stadium. This means they will finish it ___b___ the end of next year.
a. at b. before c. after d. long before
by=before 到……為止, 在……之前, 不遲于
long before 在之前很久
7 We are looking forward to the Olympic Games, ___a___ they have never been held before in this country.
a. for b. why c. because of d. due to
because強(qiáng)調(diào)后面的是原因，后跟句子
because of 因?yàn)椤ń樵~短語，不會(huì)加句子）
why不能直接做連詞
due to + 名詞 由于……（介詞短語，不會(huì)加句子）
His success is due to his hard work.
12 We are looking forward to the Games. So we will be ___a___ when they begin.
a. pleased b. unhappy c. sorry d. impatient
be pleased 感到高興地, 令人滿意地
be pleased to do sth. 樂于做某事
impatient [im5peiFEnt] adj. 不耐煩的, 急躁的, 不耐心的