1 To describe a baby’s growth, the old saying “one thing leads to another” should really read，“one thing leads to an explosion.”1 The perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up allow appreciation of visual space. The evolution of increasingly efficient reaching also lets the baby appreciate and participate in his three-dimensional world.
2 You may notice that your baby can grab toys with either hand. This is partly because the baby has learned to grasp an object even if it touches his hand lightly or his eyes are averted. By the end of the fourth month, he can probably alternate hands to grab the toys or transfer a toy from one hand to the other. He may even wave it briskly, then transfer it and repeat the waving, shuttling it back and forth between hands. In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby may be becoming aware that he can do the same thing with each arm and that each hand is distinct from the other. This awareness is important to his receiving information about space. The baby also begins to see himself act when he repeatedly reaches for and grasps things. He starts to distinguish himself from the outer world.
3 If you would like another sign of this growth process, try one of Gesell’s measures of mental growth, the behavior of a baby before a mirror. According to Gesell, a baby will smile at his image at around twenty weeks of age. Hold your baby up to a mirror and watch him examine the faces there.2 He will probably attend most to his own image and perhaps smile at it. As his image returns the smile, he may become active and vocalize. He may also look back and forth between your image and you as if the duplication puzzles him. A baby who knows his mother’s face cannot understand two of them. Calling softly to your baby, as he looks at your confusing double, complicates matters even further.3 His turning back to the real you shows that a baby four months old is likely to have the ability of preference in discrimination.4
4 An early attachment to one object —a toy or a stuffed animal —is another index of discrimination, as well as self-development, for the baby’s interests are going beyond himself.5 Most babies do not prefer one toy this early6, but some will. After exploring each toy, your baby may start reaching and playing with one special one. In the months to come, the toy or anything else the baby identifies with himself by wearing or carrying may become a "lovely". A "lovely" will be slept with, chewed, hugged, loved, and "talked to". These "lovelies" give the baby a way of coping with the necessary separations from the mother.7 A friendly and familiar toy bear may just make him easier on himself. Rather than feeling threatened, a mother should be flattered by her baby’s extension of affection elsewhere. A baby with the heart to find a "lovey" is showing early mental resourcefulness and flexibility.
練習(xí)：
1.Paragraph l _________.
2.Paragraph 2 _________.
3.Paragraph 3 _________.
4.Paragraph 4 _________.
A Gesell's Measure of the Baby's Mental Growth
B Growth of the Baby Through Playing with Toys
C The Baby's Confusion in Front of a Mirror
D Significance of Each Stage of Development in a Baby's Life
E The Baby's Love for "Lovelies" Indicates Early Mental Resourcefulness and Flexibility
F The Functions of a "Lovey"
5.The baby’s ability to sense the visual space owes to _________.
6.In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby is able to _________.
7.A baby will smile at his image at _________.
8.The baby’s extension of affection should make the mother _________.
A around twenty weeks of age
B feel flattered
C tell one hand from the other
D the perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up
E has preference among his toys
F explore his toys
答案與題解：
1.D 第一段指出在嬰兒的生長過程中，一個發(fā)展可以引起一系列更為重要的發(fā)展。因此應(yīng)選擇D。
2.B 第二段描寫了嬰兒玩玩具的一些動作，進(jìn)而指出這些動作對嬰兒發(fā)展的重要性。所以應(yīng)選擇B。
3.A 第三段闡述如何使用Gesell的方法借用鏡子測量嬰兒的智力發(fā)展。所以應(yīng)選擇A。
4.E 第四段指出有了鐘愛的玩具證明嬰兒有了對外界的適應(yīng)性。所以應(yīng)選擇E。
5.D 第一段中指出，嬰兒視覺的完善和將頭抬起的能力使其能夠欣賞周圍的世界。因此應(yīng)選擇D。
6.C 第二段闡明，通過用一只手模仿另一只手的動作，嬰兒逐漸認(rèn)識到一只手與另一只手的區(qū)別。因此應(yīng)選擇C。
7.A 第三段在闡述Gesell測量嬰兒智力發(fā)展的方法時提到，嬰兒可在20周左右對自己的形象微笑。所以應(yīng)選擇A。
8.B 第四段指出孩子喜好的延伸是嬰兒適應(yīng)性發(fā)展的證明。因此，母親不應(yīng)感到有任何不安，而應(yīng)感到驕傲。所以應(yīng)選擇B。
2 You may notice that your baby can grab toys with either hand. This is partly because the baby has learned to grasp an object even if it touches his hand lightly or his eyes are averted. By the end of the fourth month, he can probably alternate hands to grab the toys or transfer a toy from one hand to the other. He may even wave it briskly, then transfer it and repeat the waving, shuttling it back and forth between hands. In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby may be becoming aware that he can do the same thing with each arm and that each hand is distinct from the other. This awareness is important to his receiving information about space. The baby also begins to see himself act when he repeatedly reaches for and grasps things. He starts to distinguish himself from the outer world.
3 If you would like another sign of this growth process, try one of Gesell’s measures of mental growth, the behavior of a baby before a mirror. According to Gesell, a baby will smile at his image at around twenty weeks of age. Hold your baby up to a mirror and watch him examine the faces there.2 He will probably attend most to his own image and perhaps smile at it. As his image returns the smile, he may become active and vocalize. He may also look back and forth between your image and you as if the duplication puzzles him. A baby who knows his mother’s face cannot understand two of them. Calling softly to your baby, as he looks at your confusing double, complicates matters even further.3 His turning back to the real you shows that a baby four months old is likely to have the ability of preference in discrimination.4
4 An early attachment to one object —a toy or a stuffed animal —is another index of discrimination, as well as self-development, for the baby’s interests are going beyond himself.5 Most babies do not prefer one toy this early6, but some will. After exploring each toy, your baby may start reaching and playing with one special one. In the months to come, the toy or anything else the baby identifies with himself by wearing or carrying may become a "lovely". A "lovely" will be slept with, chewed, hugged, loved, and "talked to". These "lovelies" give the baby a way of coping with the necessary separations from the mother.7 A friendly and familiar toy bear may just make him easier on himself. Rather than feeling threatened, a mother should be flattered by her baby’s extension of affection elsewhere. A baby with the heart to find a "lovey" is showing early mental resourcefulness and flexibility.
練習(xí)：
1.Paragraph l _________.
2.Paragraph 2 _________.
3.Paragraph 3 _________.
4.Paragraph 4 _________.
A Gesell's Measure of the Baby's Mental Growth
B Growth of the Baby Through Playing with Toys
C The Baby's Confusion in Front of a Mirror
D Significance of Each Stage of Development in a Baby's Life
E The Baby's Love for "Lovelies" Indicates Early Mental Resourcefulness and Flexibility
F The Functions of a "Lovey"
5.The baby’s ability to sense the visual space owes to _________.
6.In imitating the behavior of one hand with the other, the baby is able to _________.
7.A baby will smile at his image at _________.
8.The baby’s extension of affection should make the mother _________.
A around twenty weeks of age
B feel flattered
C tell one hand from the other
D the perfection of vision and the ability to hold his head up
E has preference among his toys
F explore his toys
答案與題解：
1.D 第一段指出在嬰兒的生長過程中，一個發(fā)展可以引起一系列更為重要的發(fā)展。因此應(yīng)選擇D。
2.B 第二段描寫了嬰兒玩玩具的一些動作，進(jìn)而指出這些動作對嬰兒發(fā)展的重要性。所以應(yīng)選擇B。
3.A 第三段闡述如何使用Gesell的方法借用鏡子測量嬰兒的智力發(fā)展。所以應(yīng)選擇A。
4.E 第四段指出有了鐘愛的玩具證明嬰兒有了對外界的適應(yīng)性。所以應(yīng)選擇E。
5.D 第一段中指出，嬰兒視覺的完善和將頭抬起的能力使其能夠欣賞周圍的世界。因此應(yīng)選擇D。
6.C 第二段闡明，通過用一只手模仿另一只手的動作，嬰兒逐漸認(rèn)識到一只手與另一只手的區(qū)別。因此應(yīng)選擇C。
7.A 第三段在闡述Gesell測量嬰兒智力發(fā)展的方法時提到，嬰兒可在20周左右對自己的形象微笑。所以應(yīng)選擇A。
8.B 第四段指出孩子喜好的延伸是嬰兒適應(yīng)性發(fā)展的證明。因此，母親不應(yīng)感到有任何不安，而應(yīng)感到驕傲。所以應(yīng)選擇B。