★以下是英文寫作翻譯頻道為大家整理的《英文寫作必備技巧訓(xùn)練》，供大家參考。
一、標(biāo)題 （一）要求 1．簡明扼要（short and concise） （1）盡量控制在一行，但不是一個句子 （2）不超過25個單詞或120-140個字母 （3）除DNA、RNA、CT等不用縮寫 2．信息豐富(informative) 3．便于索引（indexing） 4．較長標(biāo)題可采用副標(biāo)題 （二）標(biāo)題寫作中常用詞組和表達(dá)方式 1．用„（方法／手段）對„進(jìn)行研究／分析／觀察／評價： Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment) of (on) „ (by) using 方法/with工具） 2．A對B的作用 Effort of A on B Protective effect of omeprazole on endothelin-induced gastric mucosal injury 3．A與B的關(guān)系 Correlation (relation/relationship) between A and B Correlation of A with B and C 常用修飾詞：positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly 標(biāo)題寫作中常用詞組和表達(dá)方式 4．用„治療„ Use of „in the treatment of „(?。﹊n „（生物） Use of omeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer in the elderly 5．A是B A as B 二、著錄部分書寫 （一）姓名 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式：WANG Luowei，HUANG Yingfeng，GUO Xiao’an （二） 地址 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R.China （三）資助 A project funded by the National “863” Program 三、摘要的分類與格式 摘要是作者要給讀者的精華，分兩大類： （一）指示性摘要 （二）資料性摘要 1．非結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要 缺點：段落不明，給編輯、審稿、閱讀和計算機(jī)處理帶來諸多不便 2．全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要（8要素摘要） （1）目的 （2）設(shè)計
舉例：We sought to assess whether there is an increased risk of tuberculosis among individuals who work in certain industries occupations. 四、介紹目的常用動詞 1．研究：study, investigate, examine, observe, explore 舉例：Our objective in this report is to examine the clinical feature, pathology and treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer. 2．評價：evaluate, validate 舉例：To evaluate sonography as a tool for initial diagnosis in emergency room patients with abdominal trauma. 3．確定：determine, decide, confirm, support, define, characterize 4．證實：prove, demonstrate, document, test, support, testify, verify 5．闡明、搞清：explain, elucidate, clarify, illustrate, delineate, find out, contribute to the knowledge of 6．介紹：describe, present, report 7．建立：establish, develop, set out 8．尋找：search for, look for, seek, find 9．識別、區(qū)分：identify, differentiate, discriminate 10．優(yōu)選：optimize 11．比較：compare 12．回顧：review 13．相關(guān)：correlate A with B 方法部分u （1）研究設(shè)計 （2）研究對象的特性 （3）干預(yù)或處理方法 （4）測定或觀察方法 一、 研究對象的選擇、來源及標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 1．納入研究：were entered into/enrolled in/selected (randomly) 舉例：A total of 169 patients were included in the study, 83 of whom received„„ 2．排除或退出研究：were excluded from participation，withdrew from the study due to/because to 舉例：„„Patients with significant aortic valvular diseases were excluded. 二、 研究對象的分組 1．„„were divided into/classified/grouped into 2．„„were divided randomly/randomized into 3．„„ were divided equally into 舉例：Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1„„ Patients (n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result were randomized into 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole, „„ 三、 年齡 1．某一年齡 舉例：A 50-year-old patient. Patients (age 26±3 years). 2．在某年齡范圍內(nèi)及平均年齡 舉例：Patients range in age from „to„, with a mean of (50 years)
3．在某一年齡以上或以下 舉例：Patients more than 50 years. Patients under/less than 50 years. 四、 性別、時間 1．性別 twelve patients (7 male and 5 female ) The male-to-female ratio was 1:4 2．時間 Body weight was measured weekly, and liver biopsy was obtained at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. …… 五、 診斷與治療 1．診斷 be diagnosed as having … be diagnosed as …by …/with …®be suspected as … 2．治療 be treated with…(alone or in combination with …) be treated on outpatient/inpatient basis 舉例： （1）Patients (n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result were randomized into 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole,„ （2）50 patients with active bleeding duodenal ulcer were randomly assigned to receive one of the four treatment regimens. „ u 結(jié)果部分 1．是文章結(jié)論的根據(jù) 2．應(yīng)記錄真實的科研數(shù)據(jù) 3．除指示性說明外，一般用過去時表示 一、 常用句型 1．結(jié)果表明：The results showed / demonstrated / revealed / documented / indicated/suggested„that„®It was found that„ 舉例：The results showed that high thigh cuff Doppler technique was 79 percent sensitive, 56 percent specific and 63 percent accurate. 2．與„有關(guān)：A was related / correlated /associated with B. There was a relationship /correlation between A and B. There was a relation of A with B and C 舉例：Insulin sensitivity index was negatively with blood velocity (r=0.530, P<0.05), body mass index (r=o.563, P<0.01) and baseline insulinemia (r=0.489, P<0.05) 3．增加或減少 （1）表示數(shù)值增加的動詞：increase, rise, elevate （2）表示數(shù)值增加的名詞：increase, increment, elevation （3）表示數(shù)值減少的動詞：decrease, reduce, fall, drop, decline, lower （4）表示數(shù)值減少的名詞：decrease, decrement, reduction, fall, drop, decline, lowering （5）從„增加到„，平均增加„：increase from „to „, with a mean/average (increase) of „ （6）從„增加到„，總的增加„：increase from „to „, with an overall increase of „ （7）增加了10％：increase by (10%) 4．倍數(shù)比較 （1）增加或減少3倍：increase by 3 fold (times). a 3-fold increase （2）A 是 B的3倍：A is 3 fold (times) as„as B. A is 3 fold (times) B
5．結(jié)果的統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義 （1）明顯不同（significant difference） （2）很明顯不同（very/highly significant difference） （3）區(qū)別不明顯（ insignificant difference） （4）無區(qū)別（ nonsignificant difference/no difference） 6．統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義常用句型 （1）There was/is significant difference in„between A and B （2）The difference in „between A and B was/is significant （3）A was/is significant difference from B in „ （4）No significant difference was found / observed / noted in „between A and B “in” 表示區(qū)分的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容 舉例： （1）There were no significant difference between treatment groups in symptoms and lung function (P>0.05). （2）Significant difference were not noted in the level of HDL cholesterol, and LDL peak particle diameter before and after treatment. u 結(jié)論部分 是作者發(fā)表觀點和見解，給讀者的精髓部分 1．歸納性說明研究結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn) 2．結(jié)論性說明結(jié)果的可能原因、機(jī)理或意義 3．前瞻性說明未解決的問題 一、結(jié)論部分時態(tài) 1．過去時 （1）涉及本研究的內(nèi)容 （2）涉及他人研究過程的內(nèi)容 （3）作者認(rèn)為只適用于本研究環(huán)境和條件的結(jié)論 2．現(xiàn)在時 （1）指示性說明 （2）普遍接受的思想、理論或結(jié)論 （3）作者認(rèn)為本研究結(jié)論具有普遍意義 （4）前瞻性說明 舉例：Our findings indicate that hepatitis C is a progressive disease [指示性說明-現(xiàn)在時]，but only a few died during the average 20.4 years after the initiation of injection drug use [本試驗過程中發(fā)生的事-過去時］. Antiviral treatment to eradicate the virus and halt the progression of diseases is indicated in this group of patients [作者認(rèn)為具有普遍意義的結(jié)論-現(xiàn)在時]. 二、 結(jié)論部分常用句型 1．結(jié)果提示„：These results suggest that„ 舉例：These data confirm the presence of at least two major HCV genotypes in Nigeria. 2．結(jié)果支持或反對某種觀點：These results support the idea that„；These results fail to support the idea that„ 舉例：These results do not support the idea that treatment to lower cholesterol concentration cause mood disturbance. 3．表示觀點的確定或不確定性：There is no evidence that„；It is likely/unlikely that „ 舉例：There is no evidence that NIDDM produce any change in bone metabolism or mass.
4．具有„意義：Be of great (some/little/no) clinical significance in„to „ 舉例：The detection of p53 gene is of great clinical significance in tumor diagnosis. 5．前瞻性說明：„remain to be further studied；It is remains to be proved that „ 舉例：However, the relation of insulin resistance to hypertension remains to be further studied. 6．插入語：This is the first case of pancreas divisum. 舉例：This is the first case, to our knowledge, of pancreas divisum. 小結(jié)u 中文是關(guān)鍵® 符合英語習(xí)慣® 不用簡單句® 注意詞語的用法® ® 注意時態(tài) 附：練習(xí) 24小時胃內(nèi)酸度監(jiān)測評價多種抑酸劑靜脈 使用對十二指腸潰瘍患者的抑酸效果 鐘碧慧 袁育紅 陳 湖 林金坤 胡品津 【摘要】 目的 對比各種常用抑酸劑對十二指腸潰瘍出血患者胃酸的抑制效果。方法 運用隨機(jī)、開放的方法分析50例十二脂腸潰瘍出血患者，分別使用奧美拉唑靜脈滴注、法莫替丁靜脈注射、雷尼替丁靜脈注射、西咪替丁靜脈注射或滴注。持續(xù)監(jiān)測患者24小時胃內(nèi)pH動態(tài)變化的情況、不同胃內(nèi)pH值持續(xù)時間的百分率、24小時平均胃內(nèi)pH和中位pH值。結(jié)果 只有奧美拉唑80mg/天組可達(dá)到胃內(nèi)平均pH和中位pH均＞6，法莫替丁80mg/天組可達(dá)到胃內(nèi)平均pH和中位pH均＞4，其他治療組均未達(dá)到pH＞4。24小時胃內(nèi)pH＜4、pH＜5、pH＜6時間所占百分比依次遞增為：奧美拉唑80mg/天組、法莫替丁80mg/天組、雷尼替丁200mg/天組、西咪替丁800mg/天組。各H2受體拮抗劑組與奧美拉唑靜脈滴注組比較，差異均有顯著性。結(jié)論 靜脈使用質(zhì)子泵抑制劑的抑酸效果明顯優(yōu)于H2受體拮抗劑，尤其是奧美拉唑靜脈滴注胃內(nèi)pH提高持續(xù)的時間較長。
一、標(biāo)題 （一）要求 1．簡明扼要（short and concise） （1）盡量控制在一行，但不是一個句子 （2）不超過25個單詞或120-140個字母 （3）除DNA、RNA、CT等不用縮寫 2．信息豐富(informative) 3．便于索引（indexing） 4．較長標(biāo)題可采用副標(biāo)題 （二）標(biāo)題寫作中常用詞組和表達(dá)方式 1．用„（方法／手段）對„進(jìn)行研究／分析／觀察／評價： Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment) of (on) „ (by) using 方法/with工具） 2．A對B的作用 Effort of A on B Protective effect of omeprazole on endothelin-induced gastric mucosal injury 3．A與B的關(guān)系 Correlation (relation/relationship) between A and B Correlation of A with B and C 常用修飾詞：positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly 標(biāo)題寫作中常用詞組和表達(dá)方式 4．用„治療„ Use of „in the treatment of „(?。﹊n „（生物） Use of omeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer in the elderly 5．A是B A as B 二、著錄部分書寫 （一）姓名 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式：WANG Luowei，HUANG Yingfeng，GUO Xiao’an （二） 地址 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R.China （三）資助 A project funded by the National “863” Program 三、摘要的分類與格式 摘要是作者要給讀者的精華，分兩大類： （一）指示性摘要 （二）資料性摘要 1．非結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要 缺點：段落不明，給編輯、審稿、閱讀和計算機(jī)處理帶來諸多不便 2．全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要（8要素摘要） （1）目的 （2）設(shè)計
舉例：We sought to assess whether there is an increased risk of tuberculosis among individuals who work in certain industries occupations. 四、介紹目的常用動詞 1．研究：study, investigate, examine, observe, explore 舉例：Our objective in this report is to examine the clinical feature, pathology and treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer. 2．評價：evaluate, validate 舉例：To evaluate sonography as a tool for initial diagnosis in emergency room patients with abdominal trauma. 3．確定：determine, decide, confirm, support, define, characterize 4．證實：prove, demonstrate, document, test, support, testify, verify 5．闡明、搞清：explain, elucidate, clarify, illustrate, delineate, find out, contribute to the knowledge of 6．介紹：describe, present, report 7．建立：establish, develop, set out 8．尋找：search for, look for, seek, find 9．識別、區(qū)分：identify, differentiate, discriminate 10．優(yōu)選：optimize 11．比較：compare 12．回顧：review 13．相關(guān)：correlate A with B 方法部分u （1）研究設(shè)計 （2）研究對象的特性 （3）干預(yù)或處理方法 （4）測定或觀察方法 一、 研究對象的選擇、來源及標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 1．納入研究：were entered into/enrolled in/selected (randomly) 舉例：A total of 169 patients were included in the study, 83 of whom received„„ 2．排除或退出研究：were excluded from participation，withdrew from the study due to/because to 舉例：„„Patients with significant aortic valvular diseases were excluded. 二、 研究對象的分組 1．„„were divided into/classified/grouped into 2．„„were divided randomly/randomized into 3．„„ were divided equally into 舉例：Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1„„ Patients (n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result were randomized into 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole, „„ 三、 年齡 1．某一年齡 舉例：A 50-year-old patient. Patients (age 26±3 years). 2．在某年齡范圍內(nèi)及平均年齡 舉例：Patients range in age from „to„, with a mean of (50 years)
3．在某一年齡以上或以下 舉例：Patients more than 50 years. Patients under/less than 50 years. 四、 性別、時間 1．性別 twelve patients (7 male and 5 female ) The male-to-female ratio was 1:4 2．時間 Body weight was measured weekly, and liver biopsy was obtained at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. …… 五、 診斷與治療 1．診斷 be diagnosed as having … be diagnosed as …by …/with …®be suspected as … 2．治療 be treated with…(alone or in combination with …) be treated on outpatient/inpatient basis 舉例： （1）Patients (n = 539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result were randomized into 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole,„ （2）50 patients with active bleeding duodenal ulcer were randomly assigned to receive one of the four treatment regimens. „ u 結(jié)果部分 1．是文章結(jié)論的根據(jù) 2．應(yīng)記錄真實的科研數(shù)據(jù) 3．除指示性說明外，一般用過去時表示 一、 常用句型 1．結(jié)果表明：The results showed / demonstrated / revealed / documented / indicated/suggested„that„®It was found that„ 舉例：The results showed that high thigh cuff Doppler technique was 79 percent sensitive, 56 percent specific and 63 percent accurate. 2．與„有關(guān)：A was related / correlated /associated with B. There was a relationship /correlation between A and B. There was a relation of A with B and C 舉例：Insulin sensitivity index was negatively with blood velocity (r=0.530, P<0.05), body mass index (r=o.563, P<0.01) and baseline insulinemia (r=0.489, P<0.05) 3．增加或減少 （1）表示數(shù)值增加的動詞：increase, rise, elevate （2）表示數(shù)值增加的名詞：increase, increment, elevation （3）表示數(shù)值減少的動詞：decrease, reduce, fall, drop, decline, lower （4）表示數(shù)值減少的名詞：decrease, decrement, reduction, fall, drop, decline, lowering （5）從„增加到„，平均增加„：increase from „to „, with a mean/average (increase) of „ （6）從„增加到„，總的增加„：increase from „to „, with an overall increase of „ （7）增加了10％：increase by (10%) 4．倍數(shù)比較 （1）增加或減少3倍：increase by 3 fold (times). a 3-fold increase （2）A 是 B的3倍：A is 3 fold (times) as„as B. A is 3 fold (times) B
5．結(jié)果的統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義 （1）明顯不同（significant difference） （2）很明顯不同（very/highly significant difference） （3）區(qū)別不明顯（ insignificant difference） （4）無區(qū)別（ nonsignificant difference/no difference） 6．統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義常用句型 （1）There was/is significant difference in„between A and B （2）The difference in „between A and B was/is significant （3）A was/is significant difference from B in „ （4）No significant difference was found / observed / noted in „between A and B “in” 表示區(qū)分的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容 舉例： （1）There were no significant difference between treatment groups in symptoms and lung function (P>0.05). （2）Significant difference were not noted in the level of HDL cholesterol, and LDL peak particle diameter before and after treatment. u 結(jié)論部分 是作者發(fā)表觀點和見解，給讀者的精髓部分 1．歸納性說明研究結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn) 2．結(jié)論性說明結(jié)果的可能原因、機(jī)理或意義 3．前瞻性說明未解決的問題 一、結(jié)論部分時態(tài) 1．過去時 （1）涉及本研究的內(nèi)容 （2）涉及他人研究過程的內(nèi)容 （3）作者認(rèn)為只適用于本研究環(huán)境和條件的結(jié)論 2．現(xiàn)在時 （1）指示性說明 （2）普遍接受的思想、理論或結(jié)論 （3）作者認(rèn)為本研究結(jié)論具有普遍意義 （4）前瞻性說明 舉例：Our findings indicate that hepatitis C is a progressive disease [指示性說明-現(xiàn)在時]，but only a few died during the average 20.4 years after the initiation of injection drug use [本試驗過程中發(fā)生的事-過去時］. Antiviral treatment to eradicate the virus and halt the progression of diseases is indicated in this group of patients [作者認(rèn)為具有普遍意義的結(jié)論-現(xiàn)在時]. 二、 結(jié)論部分常用句型 1．結(jié)果提示„：These results suggest that„ 舉例：These data confirm the presence of at least two major HCV genotypes in Nigeria. 2．結(jié)果支持或反對某種觀點：These results support the idea that„；These results fail to support the idea that„ 舉例：These results do not support the idea that treatment to lower cholesterol concentration cause mood disturbance. 3．表示觀點的確定或不確定性：There is no evidence that„；It is likely/unlikely that „ 舉例：There is no evidence that NIDDM produce any change in bone metabolism or mass.
4．具有„意義：Be of great (some/little/no) clinical significance in„to „ 舉例：The detection of p53 gene is of great clinical significance in tumor diagnosis. 5．前瞻性說明：„remain to be further studied；It is remains to be proved that „ 舉例：However, the relation of insulin resistance to hypertension remains to be further studied. 6．插入語：This is the first case of pancreas divisum. 舉例：This is the first case, to our knowledge, of pancreas divisum. 小結(jié)u 中文是關(guān)鍵® 符合英語習(xí)慣® 不用簡單句® 注意詞語的用法® ® 注意時態(tài) 附：練習(xí) 24小時胃內(nèi)酸度監(jiān)測評價多種抑酸劑靜脈 使用對十二指腸潰瘍患者的抑酸效果 鐘碧慧 袁育紅 陳 湖 林金坤 胡品津 【摘要】 目的 對比各種常用抑酸劑對十二指腸潰瘍出血患者胃酸的抑制效果。方法 運用隨機(jī)、開放的方法分析50例十二脂腸潰瘍出血患者，分別使用奧美拉唑靜脈滴注、法莫替丁靜脈注射、雷尼替丁靜脈注射、西咪替丁靜脈注射或滴注。持續(xù)監(jiān)測患者24小時胃內(nèi)pH動態(tài)變化的情況、不同胃內(nèi)pH值持續(xù)時間的百分率、24小時平均胃內(nèi)pH和中位pH值。結(jié)果 只有奧美拉唑80mg/天組可達(dá)到胃內(nèi)平均pH和中位pH均＞6，法莫替丁80mg/天組可達(dá)到胃內(nèi)平均pH和中位pH均＞4，其他治療組均未達(dá)到pH＞4。24小時胃內(nèi)pH＜4、pH＜5、pH＜6時間所占百分比依次遞增為：奧美拉唑80mg/天組、法莫替丁80mg/天組、雷尼替丁200mg/天組、西咪替丁800mg/天組。各H2受體拮抗劑組與奧美拉唑靜脈滴注組比較，差異均有顯著性。結(jié)論 靜脈使用質(zhì)子泵抑制劑的抑酸效果明顯優(yōu)于H2受體拮抗劑，尤其是奧美拉唑靜脈滴注胃內(nèi)pH提高持續(xù)的時間較長。