★英語聽力頻道為大家整理的英語聽力材料mp3下載：測(cè)量火山溫度，供大家參考。更多閱讀請(qǐng)查看本站英語聽力頻道。
大多數(shù)時(shí)候，火山看起來和其他的山體沒有兩樣：
Most of the time, volcanoes look like other mountains:
固體，平靜，被積雪覆蓋-露營(yíng)的不錯(cuò)選擇。
solid,serene, capped with snow–a nice place to go camping.
除非，當(dāng)然，它突然噴發(fā)，熔漿覆蓋你的營(yíng)地。
Unless, of course, it happens to explode and pour molten lava all over your campsite!
如果我們能夠預(yù)測(cè)火山什么時(shí)候會(huì)噴發(fā)，是不是更好呢？
Wouldn't itbe nice if we could predict when a volcano was about to erupt?
科學(xué)家們最近在此領(lǐng)域的研究取得了進(jìn)展。
Scientists have recently taken a big step closer toward doing just this.
讓我們一起來看看火山的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)吧！
Let's look inside a volcano.
中心是一個(gè)熔巖的“液態(tài)區(qū)”，叫巖漿。
At the center is a reservoir of molten rock, known as magma.
巖漿溫度很高，并且處于一定的壓力之下。
This magma is very hot, and under a lot of pressure.
當(dāng)雨水滲入山縫后，巖漿將其蒸發(fā)為水蒸汽，又讓它排放出來。
測(cè)量火山溫度.jpg
When rainwater seeps into cracks in themountain, the magma turns it into steam and forces it out again.
巖漿也同樣通過這些山縫散發(fā)一些熱氣。
The magma also vents awayhot gasses through these same cracks.
這是一座火山的正常狀態(tài)。
This is a volcano's normal state.
當(dāng)氣體和蒸汽可以從火山的裂縫排放時(shí)，它可能并不會(huì)噴發(fā)。
When gasses and steam vent from a volcano's cracks, it'sprobably not about to erupt.
然而，有時(shí)頂層的巖漿會(huì)冷卻，并在外部形成一個(gè)堅(jiān)硬的殼。
Sometimes, however, the top layer of magma can cool, and form ahard crust over the rest of the molten rock.
這時(shí)，雨水聚集在巖縫中，不能蒸發(fā)。這些雨水阻止了巖漿熱氣的排放。
When this happens, rainwater is able to collect in thecracks without evaporating, and this water captures a lot of gasses that would ordinarily vent fromthe magma.
在山縫中的科學(xué)儀器記錄到了溫度的陡然下降，和火山氣體的減少。
Scientific instruments inside the volcano's cracks record a sudden drop in temperature, and much less volcanic gas.
這是即將噴發(fā)的一個(gè)預(yù)兆。冷卻的巖漿殼讓內(nèi)部的液體壓力增大。
This is a warning sign for an imminent eruption.
就像把你的拇指放在被搖過的蘇打水瓶口上，使其密封，增加內(nèi)部壓力。
That cool magmaseal allows pressure to build upinside the liquid magma, much like your thumb over the top of a shaken soda bottle will seal inthe pressure.
巖漿上部的密封殼被沖開時(shí)，就像你的拇指從蘇打水瓶上拿開的時(shí)候一樣，在這種情況下，你就不會(huì)想要在火山上露營(yíng)了。
When that magmaseal gives way it's like taking your thumb off the top of the bottle, and you don't want to be camping on the volcano when that happens!
大多數(shù)時(shí)候，火山看起來和其他的山體沒有兩樣：
Most of the time, volcanoes look like other mountains:
固體，平靜，被積雪覆蓋-露營(yíng)的不錯(cuò)選擇。
solid,serene, capped with snow–a nice place to go camping.
除非，當(dāng)然，它突然噴發(fā)，熔漿覆蓋你的營(yíng)地。
Unless, of course, it happens to explode and pour molten lava all over your campsite!
如果我們能夠預(yù)測(cè)火山什么時(shí)候會(huì)噴發(fā)，是不是更好呢？
Wouldn't itbe nice if we could predict when a volcano was about to erupt?
科學(xué)家們最近在此領(lǐng)域的研究取得了進(jìn)展。
Scientists have recently taken a big step closer toward doing just this.
讓我們一起來看看火山的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)吧！
Let's look inside a volcano.
中心是一個(gè)熔巖的“液態(tài)區(qū)”，叫巖漿。
At the center is a reservoir of molten rock, known as magma.
巖漿溫度很高，并且處于一定的壓力之下。
This magma is very hot, and under a lot of pressure.
當(dāng)雨水滲入山縫后，巖漿將其蒸發(fā)為水蒸汽，又讓它排放出來。
測(cè)量火山溫度.jpg
When rainwater seeps into cracks in themountain, the magma turns it into steam and forces it out again.
巖漿也同樣通過這些山縫散發(fā)一些熱氣。
The magma also vents awayhot gasses through these same cracks.
這是一座火山的正常狀態(tài)。
This is a volcano's normal state.
當(dāng)氣體和蒸汽可以從火山的裂縫排放時(shí)，它可能并不會(huì)噴發(fā)。
When gasses and steam vent from a volcano's cracks, it'sprobably not about to erupt.
然而，有時(shí)頂層的巖漿會(huì)冷卻，并在外部形成一個(gè)堅(jiān)硬的殼。
Sometimes, however, the top layer of magma can cool, and form ahard crust over the rest of the molten rock.
這時(shí)，雨水聚集在巖縫中，不能蒸發(fā)。這些雨水阻止了巖漿熱氣的排放。
When this happens, rainwater is able to collect in thecracks without evaporating, and this water captures a lot of gasses that would ordinarily vent fromthe magma.
在山縫中的科學(xué)儀器記錄到了溫度的陡然下降，和火山氣體的減少。
Scientific instruments inside the volcano's cracks record a sudden drop in temperature, and much less volcanic gas.
這是即將噴發(fā)的一個(gè)預(yù)兆。冷卻的巖漿殼讓內(nèi)部的液體壓力增大。
This is a warning sign for an imminent eruption.
就像把你的拇指放在被搖過的蘇打水瓶口上，使其密封，增加內(nèi)部壓力。
That cool magmaseal allows pressure to build upinside the liquid magma, much like your thumb over the top of a shaken soda bottle will seal inthe pressure.
巖漿上部的密封殼被沖開時(shí)，就像你的拇指從蘇打水瓶上拿開的時(shí)候一樣，在這種情況下，你就不會(huì)想要在火山上露營(yíng)了。
When that magmaseal gives way it's like taking your thumb off the top of the bottle, and you don't want to be camping on the volcano when that happens!