綜合寫作plan 1
文章第一段說帝王蝶Monarch Butterfly冬天會從USA飛到Mexico —處過冬，第二段說她們喜歡吃一種植物叫
milkweed.可是農(nóng)夫喜歡用除草劑殺這種植物，很多人說這樣會減少帝王蝶的數(shù)目，文章觀點不同意這種說法.
第三四五段開始反駁.
a沒有證據(jù)說帝王蝶的數(shù)目真的減少了，只看一個地區(qū)是不準(zhǔn)的.有些地方是減少了， 可是有些地方卻增加了
b田里的milkweed會被殺死，可是野外還有很多.
c人們想要禁止除草劑是因為對帝王蝶的喜愛.這是一種情感上的偏見，而不是真的基于科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上的結(jié)論.
教授反駁：
a有新方法可以證明數(shù)量真的減少了.因為雖然她們的棲息地有很多個，可是冬天都飛去同一個地方，那個時候
再測量就很準(zhǔn)了.結(jié)果真的有變少，而且時間點與除草劑引進的時間點相當(dāng).
b野外的milkweed數(shù)量少又很小棵，不夠吃.
c聽不清楚,不過提到可以先禁止除草劑再說.如果有效提升蝴蝶數(shù)量那很好，沒效再廢除也不遲.
The passage mainly discusses that there is no convincing evidence to prove that the number of monarch butterflies decreases due to the use of while the lecture refutes the opinion by saying that the evidence are collected to prove that the number of monarch butterflies are dwindling.
First, according to the passage, it is not accurate to judge the number of monarch butterflies by ,observing in only one arcas but the lecture totally disagree with this idea by claiming that these butterflies will migrate to a fixed place. So if the number of butterflies in this area will be detected to decrease, it is objective to conclude that these butterflies are disappearing.
Second, the writer points out that even though the herbicide will kill the weeds in the field, there are plenty of them in other places. On the other hand, the speakers refute that there are no enough milkweed for the butterflies to eat.
Finally, the passage raises the reason that people object to the use of herbicide because their affection of monarch butterflies. The lecture casts doubts on this reason by arguing that the use of herbicide should be banned first. If herbicide did not harm the butterflies, it could be used again.
綜合寫作plan 2
講某一個生態(tài)環(huán)境中有物種滅絕的時候一個很好的方法是物種替代,講類似物種引進以保持生態(tài)平衡。北美草原
很久前有獅子和象但是后來滅絕了，物種替代的理論是可以將非洲的獅子和大象引進以保持生態(tài)平衡。但是很
多人對此理論持批評態(tài)度原因有三：
1. 一個生態(tài)環(huán)境里的物種滅絕后可以自我修復(fù)，然后自動的變平衡，所以沒必要引進類似物種
2.引進的物種容易侵犯和破壞其他物種和生態(tài)環(huán)境
3.引進物種后造成的后果是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的，可能會產(chǎn)生破壞性結(jié)果。
講課反駁了以上三點：
1.很多地方的生態(tài)環(huán)境在物種滅絕后難以恢復(fù)平衡，尤其是島嶼上的生態(tài)環(huán)境。講了毛里求斯島嶼的巨龜滅絕
后帶來很嚴(yán)重影響，必須通過物種替代來解決問題。
2.引進物種不會侵犯其他物種破壞生態(tài)環(huán)球。因為引進的物種和滅絕的物種是類似的物種之所以滅絕是因為很
敏感和脆弱，因為新引進的物種和滅絕的物種一樣所以也會很敏感很脆弱。不會有破壞作用。
3.后果可以逆轉(zhuǎn)，因為引進的物種以大型動物為主，如果他們有破壞作用可以很容易跟蹤并找到這些動物。
綜合寫作plan 3
那個program的名字忘了。
閱讀部分說 companies offer this program by helping employees reach the heathly life and to improve the profit of the company.this program can help workers quit smoke and lose weight. people can get more holiday days. ( forget another point) 3. company can save the cost because employess will work more effectively .
聽力部分：
Altough people can quit smoke and lose weight, but it can only last a short period of time.
some people do not have time to take vocation, they need to take care of their children and family.
some workers would change theri job, so they will not stay in the same company very long.
reading部分是關(guān)于一個公司要摘incentive programs.
教授不同意; 理由有三：
1，是motivation但是會反彈，2年以后壞毛病全回來了
2,對獎勵健康的人不公平，因為衡量abliabliy有很多因素，而且他們很忙
2有些東西不可控例如胖子有可能因為家里太忙沒空鍛煉有可能因為基因問題
3，長期為公司節(jié)省錢是不確定，因為很多人幾年后回?fù)Q公司
In the passage，a company is going to offer incentive programs, which is a measure taken to help employees reach the healthy life and improve the profit of the company. However, the lecturer refutes those point of views.
The passage asserts that this program can help workers quit smoke and lose weight. However, the lecturer argues that it is a good way to motivate the workers , but the bad habits will come back in two years. Moreover，according to the professor, it is unfair to the healthy people, as a lot of factors are supposed to be taken into consideration. Besides, they are busy doing their work every day In addition, some factors are not that easy to control. For instance; chances are that some fat people may be too busy at home to take exercise, as they need to take care of their children and family. Besides, the gene is another factor contributing to their over weight.
Last but not the least, contrary to the belief in the passage that company can save the cost because employers will work more effectively, the professor asserts that it is uncertain to save money for the companies in that some workers would change their job and they will not stay in the same company very long. (216)
綜合寫作plan 4
給了一篇文章和兩幅圖。說實話，絕大多數(shù)說什么我都不懂，就知道說是鯨魚的鰭有兩種，分別是什么。之后
給了3個原因，為什么會出現(xiàn)這兩種不同的鰭。
第一個原因是有的海里的鯨魚直著游，鰭兩邊的肌肉受力和用力一直，所以兩面肌肉一樣發(fā)達。如果轉(zhuǎn)圈游，
兩邊肌肉就用力不均，一邊發(fā)達，一邊不發(fā)達，所以鰭就倒了。
第二個原因是說關(guān)于營養(yǎng)的差別。
第三個原因是說水壓的差別。
然后，一個教授出來了，給了一段演講，徹底不同意這三種理論。
第一個理論，教授說，轉(zhuǎn)圈游的鯨魚不是總向一面轉(zhuǎn)圈的，也向另一個方向轉(zhuǎn)。所以不存在用力不均勻的問題。
第二個，(一走神過去了)。好像是說，如果是營養(yǎng)的問題，不光牽扯到鰭，還會牽扯到其他的。我好像也聽
到說，大海中的鯨魚也是吃不同的東西的，所以營養(yǎng)問題不是決定因素。第三，關(guān)于水壓。教授說，鯨魚即使
在海里，也有在深海和淺海的區(qū)別，水壓也是不同的。然后舉了一個新西蘭附近鯨魚的例子。教授問，如果水
壓是決定性因素，為什么新西蘭會有這種類型的鯨魚。 Disagree:
1. The whales that swim in circle not only swim in one direction, but also swim in the other direction, indicating that there are no unbalanced muscular forces.
2.If nutrition is one of the causes，it will affect other organs besides fins of whales. Moreover,whales feed on different kinds of food, so nutrition can not be the decisive reason.
3.Whales are active in both shallow and deep regions of seas where water pressures are greatly different in two regions. For example, there is one particular whale in the near shallow sea of New Zealand. The whale has the type of fin which is supposed to be deep-sea whales’ fin. If water pressure is a decisive factor，one may ask why this type of whales still lives in the shallow sea near New Zealand.
The reading passage asserts that there are two types of whale fins because of some reasons. On the contrary, the lecturer totally disagrees with the notion given in the passage. The professor’s lecture casts doubt on the reading by using the following three points.
The first point that the professor uses to refute the reading is that the whales that swim in circle not only swim in one direction, but also swim in the other direction. According to the professor,some whales tend to swim in the clockwise direction, while other whales prefer swimming in the anti-clockwise direction. Therefore, the explanation given in the reading about the unbalanced muscular forces can not be true.
Moreover, contrary to the belief in the passage that nutrition is a main reason leading to the different whale fin types, the professor argues that if nutrition is one of the causes, it will affect other organs besides fins of whales. Furthermore, whales feed on different kinds of food, so the nutrition ingested by whales is various. Then the professor concludes that nutrition can not be the decisive reason.Finally，the reading states that water pressure is another main cause account for the difference between those whale fin types. On the other hand, according to the viewpoint of the professor,whales are active in both shallow and deep region of seas where water pressures are greatly different in two regions. In particular，there is one special whale in the near shallow sea of New Zealand. The whale has the type of fin which is supposed to be deep-sea whales’ fin. If water pressure is a decisive factor, one may ask why this type of whales still lives in the shallow sea near New Zealand.
Thereby，from the lecturer’s point of view, water pressure is proved not to be one main reason by the real example. (309words )
獨立寫作 plan 1
Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends, a. joing a sports team,
b. participate in community activities, c. traveling
It is probably true that we have hundreds or even thousands of acquaintances, but not all of them can be considered to be our friends. With or without our full awareness, friends must share a great portion of our character, our beliefs and our interests. An activity that can help you make new friends surely enables you to form a better understanding of other people and vice versa. Thus, joining a sports team would be my first choice.
To begin with, certain type of sport attracts people with certain character. Therefore your chance of meeting a potential friend while doing it is high. For instance, people who love Snooker are normally calm and steady; People who find themselves passionate for fishing must enjoy the long waiting before the thrilling bite; And rock-climbers are usually strong both physically and psychologically. If you like this.type of sport, you might like the person who shares your interest as well.
In addition, sports provide us a goal to fight for. Hence they build up a precious experience for the participants, which is essential for long-lasting friendship. I used to be in the basketball team of our high school and I played as the guard.
Although it was almost five years ago, I can still remember all the exiting moments when we won and the tears after we lost the final. They are so vivid as if they just happened yesterday. And although our team members went to different universities, we still keep in touch with each other and hang out together from time to time. Every time we get reunited, these important memories always give us the feeling that we have never been apart.
Furthermore, sports can help reveal the deep truth of someone. Friendship innately embodies a profound understanding that each friend has for the other. Undeniably, we more or less put on some make-up on our personality, for we all want other people to like us. But those moments under high pressure or choices involving loss and gain will inevitably reveal who we really are and what we truly believe. And such moments or choices are never rare in sports. Would you cheat to win a game or rather loss it honestly? If your fellow player has more chance than you to accomplish a goal, will you pass the ball to him or her? These situations always tell. As a result, we can always see friendship built or damaged.
To conclude, joining a sports team may never fail your expectation to make some new friends. It brings people together and accelerates the process of understanding each other. If you don’t have a favorite sport yet，do some research to find one. If you already have your answer, join a team and meet some new fellows there, maybe your best friend to be has already been awaiting(475).
獨立寫作plan 2
Nowadays it’s easier to maintain health than the past
In contemporary society，people put more emphasis on the importance of health than before. That is why the heated discussion about this issue is triggered nationwide. Some people claim that people are easier to maintain health nowadays than the past. From my point of view, I entirely agree with this statement for the following reasons.
To begin with, with the booming the economics, people at present have enough financial capability to support the desire of keeping fit. People with desirable salaries are able to spare more money than in the past to invest on their exercise by applying for the membership of health clubs or hire a coach to instruct them in certain kinds of sports. For example, my uncle, Mike, was a manager in a trade company who confronted lot of pressures such as accomplishing projects or instructing the staff, but he always kept energetic in his work. The reason lies in that he insisted on doing exercise in a health club every week, which demands him to spend 2000 dollars a month. He could make full use of various facilities including swimming pool and fitness equipment in the club to vent out his pressure and relax. From this example, I am
fully convinced of that people nowadays are more likely to improve their health due to the reason that they have more money to spend on exercise.
In addition, among those convincing reasons one is that thanks to the advanced science and technology, people at present are more likely to have the access to the inventions that designed to keep people healthy. Since increasing number of research organization and company focus on creating and producing the products to help people maintain health. Scientists now are able to combine many nutritious substances to create some food that enables people to absorb different nutrition, which are indispensable to improve their immunity, like calcium and vitamin at the same time. Some medicines are also invented to help people get rid of some illness like allergy. Not only do the scientists endeavor to do the research on creating these ideal food and medicine, but also the businessmen are trying their best to spread these products to all over the world.
Consequently, it is these food and medicines that enable people nowadays to improve their health condition. Last but not least, much more hospital and highly experienced doctors nowadays are available when people need the medical care. The governments are more aware of investing on improving the quality of medical service including the facilities and the quality of the doctors .In the past; people would encounter big trouble when they got ill, because they found hard to get proper treatment in a hospital nearby. What’s worse, some diseases could not be cured in the past due to the fact that the hospital did not own the advanced equipment and the doctors failed to be professional enough to treat the patients. On the contrary, equipped with the high-tech facilities, hospital nowadays can offer the high-level service to the patients. For example, a patients’ condition can be examined carefully and accurately by using the equipment
controlled by computer. What’s more, people will receive proper treatment from the doctors who are trained to be professional. As a result, people can maintain health more easily since they have the access to the ideal medical care.
In a word, because of desirable income, development of science and easy access to medical care as well，people nowadays are more likely to remain healthy than past.(586 words)
獨立寫作plan 3
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Governments should focus its budgets more on environmental protection than on economic development.
Environmental protection and economic development have become enemies in recent years. We all know that both of them are important. But we often can’t strike a balance between them. Some people hold the belief that economic development should never be at the cost of the environment, whereas many others are of the opinion that economic development is the most important, no matter how much it costs. As far as I am concerned, environmental protection is much more important than economic development. So we should give an overwhelming priority to environmental protection.
First and foremost, environmental protection is the requirement of sustainable development. We all know that the resources in this world, are limited, and human is consuming these limited resources in a rapid pace and destroying the environment seriously. If we destroy the environment, we will commit a crime to the future generations. So we should attach importance to environmental protection in order to leave a better living space to our future generations. Besides, environmental protection is the requirement of the order of nature. Owing to the overlook of protecting the environment, we have suffered much punishment from nature. For example, land resources are dwindling because of the industrial development and the expansion of cities. Rivers and lakes are polluted because of the largely waste which comes from factories. Deserts are spreading because of the unending cutting. Air and water supplies are polluted because of the poisonous gas and liquid. So if we want to own a better and more comfortable life for ourselves without
pollution and disasters, we should protect our environment.
What’s more, environmental protection can promote the increase of our national economy in a way. If the natural environment is good enough, our economy will have a favorable condition to develop and will develop rapidly. The rapid development will attract many foreign investors to invest money in our country, which will promote growth of our economy. If the environment is awful, no one will be willing to invest money in our country.
From what has been discussed above, we can easily conclude that environmental protection is more important the economic development. Development is based on environmental protection. If the environment has not been protected, the development can’t keep on. Only when we protect our environment well can our country develop steadily in a sustainable way. So in my opinion, both governments and ordinary citizens should join hands to protect the environment, in order to make our country even our world a better place to live in, not only for ourselves, but also for future generations.(428)
獨立寫作plan 4
diagree or agree： it is impossible to be completely honest with your friend.是不是應(yīng)該任何時候都對朋友誠實
Friendship is a precious relationship that we all treasure. We have been taught to be honest to our friends since we were young. Some people hold the view that it is right to be completely honest with our friend. But with time passing by, we find it hard to do so all the time , so I agree with the statement that it is impossible to be completely honest with your friend, and my reasons are as follows::
Admittedly, being honest with our friend is the basic necessity to maintain friendship and interpersonal relationship. For one thing, friendship is the purest relationship in the world and we all like to befriend those who are sincere and honest. We like to stay with our friends and tell what we think to them in that we believe they are the soul mates of us. In contrast, if our friends lie to us, they will ruin our friendship. We will feel like our heart being stolen. For another, being honest with our friends is the indispensable element contributing to healthy interpersonal relationship and happier life. If we treat our friends honestly，they may introduce us to their other friends. Gradually, our social networking will be greatly strengthened and enlarged . As John Donne put it "No man is an island", we will enjoy a healthier and happier life with numerous friends.
However, dishonesty is a kind of virtue which comes out of love. Telling white lies to our friends brings them confidence to face the twists and turns in life. The society is so complex and ever-changing that being honest with our friends all the time is no easy job. And we need to tell white lies to comfort and encourage our friends. There are some situations when dishonesty is of great significance. As the story goes in the renowned writer O Henry’s work the Last Leaf, Johnsy has fallen ill and is dying of pneumonia. She watches the leaves fall from a vine outside the window of her room, and decides that when the last leaf drops, she too will die. Her friend Sue tells this to an old artist, named Behrman, who lives in the same building as the girls and braves a storm one night to paint a leaf on the wall 一 a leaf that will never fall. Johnsy was convinced by the white lie to enjoy the last days of her life. If Sue were honest, she would tell Johnsy. I believe that she will die soon. We can see that dishonesty is sometimes necessary for the sake of our friends’ health.
As is discussed above, although being honest with our friend is conducive in maintaining friendship and interpersonal relationship, dishonesty to our friends is indispensable. Therefore, we can safely draw the conclusion that it is impossible to be completely honest with our friend.(477)
獨立寫作plan 5
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Working at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office.
The global world of work has seen radical changes in recent years，among which telecommuting,or working from home，stands out as the most remarkable
文章第一段說帝王蝶Monarch Butterfly冬天會從USA飛到Mexico —處過冬，第二段說她們喜歡吃一種植物叫
milkweed.可是農(nóng)夫喜歡用除草劑殺這種植物，很多人說這樣會減少帝王蝶的數(shù)目，文章觀點不同意這種說法.
第三四五段開始反駁.
a沒有證據(jù)說帝王蝶的數(shù)目真的減少了，只看一個地區(qū)是不準(zhǔn)的.有些地方是減少了， 可是有些地方卻增加了
b田里的milkweed會被殺死，可是野外還有很多.
c人們想要禁止除草劑是因為對帝王蝶的喜愛.這是一種情感上的偏見，而不是真的基于科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上的結(jié)論.
教授反駁：
a有新方法可以證明數(shù)量真的減少了.因為雖然她們的棲息地有很多個，可是冬天都飛去同一個地方，那個時候
再測量就很準(zhǔn)了.結(jié)果真的有變少，而且時間點與除草劑引進的時間點相當(dāng).
b野外的milkweed數(shù)量少又很小棵，不夠吃.
c聽不清楚,不過提到可以先禁止除草劑再說.如果有效提升蝴蝶數(shù)量那很好，沒效再廢除也不遲.
The passage mainly discusses that there is no convincing evidence to prove that the number of monarch butterflies decreases due to the use of while the lecture refutes the opinion by saying that the evidence are collected to prove that the number of monarch butterflies are dwindling.
First, according to the passage, it is not accurate to judge the number of monarch butterflies by ,observing in only one arcas but the lecture totally disagree with this idea by claiming that these butterflies will migrate to a fixed place. So if the number of butterflies in this area will be detected to decrease, it is objective to conclude that these butterflies are disappearing.
Second, the writer points out that even though the herbicide will kill the weeds in the field, there are plenty of them in other places. On the other hand, the speakers refute that there are no enough milkweed for the butterflies to eat.
Finally, the passage raises the reason that people object to the use of herbicide because their affection of monarch butterflies. The lecture casts doubts on this reason by arguing that the use of herbicide should be banned first. If herbicide did not harm the butterflies, it could be used again.
綜合寫作plan 2
講某一個生態(tài)環(huán)境中有物種滅絕的時候一個很好的方法是物種替代,講類似物種引進以保持生態(tài)平衡。北美草原
很久前有獅子和象但是后來滅絕了，物種替代的理論是可以將非洲的獅子和大象引進以保持生態(tài)平衡。但是很
多人對此理論持批評態(tài)度原因有三：
1. 一個生態(tài)環(huán)境里的物種滅絕后可以自我修復(fù)，然后自動的變平衡，所以沒必要引進類似物種
2.引進的物種容易侵犯和破壞其他物種和生態(tài)環(huán)境
3.引進物種后造成的后果是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的，可能會產(chǎn)生破壞性結(jié)果。
講課反駁了以上三點：
1.很多地方的生態(tài)環(huán)境在物種滅絕后難以恢復(fù)平衡，尤其是島嶼上的生態(tài)環(huán)境。講了毛里求斯島嶼的巨龜滅絕
后帶來很嚴(yán)重影響，必須通過物種替代來解決問題。
2.引進物種不會侵犯其他物種破壞生態(tài)環(huán)球。因為引進的物種和滅絕的物種是類似的物種之所以滅絕是因為很
敏感和脆弱，因為新引進的物種和滅絕的物種一樣所以也會很敏感很脆弱。不會有破壞作用。
3.后果可以逆轉(zhuǎn)，因為引進的物種以大型動物為主，如果他們有破壞作用可以很容易跟蹤并找到這些動物。
綜合寫作plan 3
那個program的名字忘了。
閱讀部分說 companies offer this program by helping employees reach the heathly life and to improve the profit of the company.this program can help workers quit smoke and lose weight. people can get more holiday days. ( forget another point) 3. company can save the cost because employess will work more effectively .
聽力部分：
Altough people can quit smoke and lose weight, but it can only last a short period of time.
some people do not have time to take vocation, they need to take care of their children and family.
some workers would change theri job, so they will not stay in the same company very long.
reading部分是關(guān)于一個公司要摘incentive programs.
教授不同意; 理由有三：
1，是motivation但是會反彈，2年以后壞毛病全回來了
2,對獎勵健康的人不公平，因為衡量abliabliy有很多因素，而且他們很忙
2有些東西不可控例如胖子有可能因為家里太忙沒空鍛煉有可能因為基因問題
3，長期為公司節(jié)省錢是不確定，因為很多人幾年后回?fù)Q公司
In the passage，a company is going to offer incentive programs, which is a measure taken to help employees reach the healthy life and improve the profit of the company. However, the lecturer refutes those point of views.
The passage asserts that this program can help workers quit smoke and lose weight. However, the lecturer argues that it is a good way to motivate the workers , but the bad habits will come back in two years. Moreover，according to the professor, it is unfair to the healthy people, as a lot of factors are supposed to be taken into consideration. Besides, they are busy doing their work every day In addition, some factors are not that easy to control. For instance; chances are that some fat people may be too busy at home to take exercise, as they need to take care of their children and family. Besides, the gene is another factor contributing to their over weight.
Last but not the least, contrary to the belief in the passage that company can save the cost because employers will work more effectively, the professor asserts that it is uncertain to save money for the companies in that some workers would change their job and they will not stay in the same company very long. (216)
綜合寫作plan 4
給了一篇文章和兩幅圖。說實話，絕大多數(shù)說什么我都不懂，就知道說是鯨魚的鰭有兩種，分別是什么。之后
給了3個原因，為什么會出現(xiàn)這兩種不同的鰭。
第一個原因是有的海里的鯨魚直著游，鰭兩邊的肌肉受力和用力一直，所以兩面肌肉一樣發(fā)達。如果轉(zhuǎn)圈游，
兩邊肌肉就用力不均，一邊發(fā)達，一邊不發(fā)達，所以鰭就倒了。
第二個原因是說關(guān)于營養(yǎng)的差別。
第三個原因是說水壓的差別。
然后，一個教授出來了，給了一段演講，徹底不同意這三種理論。
第一個理論，教授說，轉(zhuǎn)圈游的鯨魚不是總向一面轉(zhuǎn)圈的，也向另一個方向轉(zhuǎn)。所以不存在用力不均勻的問題。
第二個，(一走神過去了)。好像是說，如果是營養(yǎng)的問題，不光牽扯到鰭，還會牽扯到其他的。我好像也聽
到說，大海中的鯨魚也是吃不同的東西的，所以營養(yǎng)問題不是決定因素。第三，關(guān)于水壓。教授說，鯨魚即使
在海里，也有在深海和淺海的區(qū)別，水壓也是不同的。然后舉了一個新西蘭附近鯨魚的例子。教授問，如果水
壓是決定性因素，為什么新西蘭會有這種類型的鯨魚。 Disagree:
1. The whales that swim in circle not only swim in one direction, but also swim in the other direction, indicating that there are no unbalanced muscular forces.
2.If nutrition is one of the causes，it will affect other organs besides fins of whales. Moreover,whales feed on different kinds of food, so nutrition can not be the decisive reason.
3.Whales are active in both shallow and deep regions of seas where water pressures are greatly different in two regions. For example, there is one particular whale in the near shallow sea of New Zealand. The whale has the type of fin which is supposed to be deep-sea whales’ fin. If water pressure is a decisive factor，one may ask why this type of whales still lives in the shallow sea near New Zealand.
The reading passage asserts that there are two types of whale fins because of some reasons. On the contrary, the lecturer totally disagrees with the notion given in the passage. The professor’s lecture casts doubt on the reading by using the following three points.
The first point that the professor uses to refute the reading is that the whales that swim in circle not only swim in one direction, but also swim in the other direction. According to the professor,some whales tend to swim in the clockwise direction, while other whales prefer swimming in the anti-clockwise direction. Therefore, the explanation given in the reading about the unbalanced muscular forces can not be true.
Moreover, contrary to the belief in the passage that nutrition is a main reason leading to the different whale fin types, the professor argues that if nutrition is one of the causes, it will affect other organs besides fins of whales. Furthermore, whales feed on different kinds of food, so the nutrition ingested by whales is various. Then the professor concludes that nutrition can not be the decisive reason.Finally，the reading states that water pressure is another main cause account for the difference between those whale fin types. On the other hand, according to the viewpoint of the professor,whales are active in both shallow and deep region of seas where water pressures are greatly different in two regions. In particular，there is one special whale in the near shallow sea of New Zealand. The whale has the type of fin which is supposed to be deep-sea whales’ fin. If water pressure is a decisive factor, one may ask why this type of whales still lives in the shallow sea near New Zealand.
Thereby，from the lecturer’s point of view, water pressure is proved not to be one main reason by the real example. (309words )
獨立寫作 plan 1
Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends, a. joing a sports team,
b. participate in community activities, c. traveling
It is probably true that we have hundreds or even thousands of acquaintances, but not all of them can be considered to be our friends. With or without our full awareness, friends must share a great portion of our character, our beliefs and our interests. An activity that can help you make new friends surely enables you to form a better understanding of other people and vice versa. Thus, joining a sports team would be my first choice.
To begin with, certain type of sport attracts people with certain character. Therefore your chance of meeting a potential friend while doing it is high. For instance, people who love Snooker are normally calm and steady; People who find themselves passionate for fishing must enjoy the long waiting before the thrilling bite; And rock-climbers are usually strong both physically and psychologically. If you like this.type of sport, you might like the person who shares your interest as well.
In addition, sports provide us a goal to fight for. Hence they build up a precious experience for the participants, which is essential for long-lasting friendship. I used to be in the basketball team of our high school and I played as the guard.
Although it was almost five years ago, I can still remember all the exiting moments when we won and the tears after we lost the final. They are so vivid as if they just happened yesterday. And although our team members went to different universities, we still keep in touch with each other and hang out together from time to time. Every time we get reunited, these important memories always give us the feeling that we have never been apart.
Furthermore, sports can help reveal the deep truth of someone. Friendship innately embodies a profound understanding that each friend has for the other. Undeniably, we more or less put on some make-up on our personality, for we all want other people to like us. But those moments under high pressure or choices involving loss and gain will inevitably reveal who we really are and what we truly believe. And such moments or choices are never rare in sports. Would you cheat to win a game or rather loss it honestly? If your fellow player has more chance than you to accomplish a goal, will you pass the ball to him or her? These situations always tell. As a result, we can always see friendship built or damaged.
To conclude, joining a sports team may never fail your expectation to make some new friends. It brings people together and accelerates the process of understanding each other. If you don’t have a favorite sport yet，do some research to find one. If you already have your answer, join a team and meet some new fellows there, maybe your best friend to be has already been awaiting(475).
獨立寫作plan 2
Nowadays it’s easier to maintain health than the past
In contemporary society，people put more emphasis on the importance of health than before. That is why the heated discussion about this issue is triggered nationwide. Some people claim that people are easier to maintain health nowadays than the past. From my point of view, I entirely agree with this statement for the following reasons.
To begin with, with the booming the economics, people at present have enough financial capability to support the desire of keeping fit. People with desirable salaries are able to spare more money than in the past to invest on their exercise by applying for the membership of health clubs or hire a coach to instruct them in certain kinds of sports. For example, my uncle, Mike, was a manager in a trade company who confronted lot of pressures such as accomplishing projects or instructing the staff, but he always kept energetic in his work. The reason lies in that he insisted on doing exercise in a health club every week, which demands him to spend 2000 dollars a month. He could make full use of various facilities including swimming pool and fitness equipment in the club to vent out his pressure and relax. From this example, I am
fully convinced of that people nowadays are more likely to improve their health due to the reason that they have more money to spend on exercise.
In addition, among those convincing reasons one is that thanks to the advanced science and technology, people at present are more likely to have the access to the inventions that designed to keep people healthy. Since increasing number of research organization and company focus on creating and producing the products to help people maintain health. Scientists now are able to combine many nutritious substances to create some food that enables people to absorb different nutrition, which are indispensable to improve their immunity, like calcium and vitamin at the same time. Some medicines are also invented to help people get rid of some illness like allergy. Not only do the scientists endeavor to do the research on creating these ideal food and medicine, but also the businessmen are trying their best to spread these products to all over the world.
Consequently, it is these food and medicines that enable people nowadays to improve their health condition. Last but not least, much more hospital and highly experienced doctors nowadays are available when people need the medical care. The governments are more aware of investing on improving the quality of medical service including the facilities and the quality of the doctors .In the past; people would encounter big trouble when they got ill, because they found hard to get proper treatment in a hospital nearby. What’s worse, some diseases could not be cured in the past due to the fact that the hospital did not own the advanced equipment and the doctors failed to be professional enough to treat the patients. On the contrary, equipped with the high-tech facilities, hospital nowadays can offer the high-level service to the patients. For example, a patients’ condition can be examined carefully and accurately by using the equipment
controlled by computer. What’s more, people will receive proper treatment from the doctors who are trained to be professional. As a result, people can maintain health more easily since they have the access to the ideal medical care.
In a word, because of desirable income, development of science and easy access to medical care as well，people nowadays are more likely to remain healthy than past.(586 words)
獨立寫作plan 3
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Governments should focus its budgets more on environmental protection than on economic development.
Environmental protection and economic development have become enemies in recent years. We all know that both of them are important. But we often can’t strike a balance between them. Some people hold the belief that economic development should never be at the cost of the environment, whereas many others are of the opinion that economic development is the most important, no matter how much it costs. As far as I am concerned, environmental protection is much more important than economic development. So we should give an overwhelming priority to environmental protection.
First and foremost, environmental protection is the requirement of sustainable development. We all know that the resources in this world, are limited, and human is consuming these limited resources in a rapid pace and destroying the environment seriously. If we destroy the environment, we will commit a crime to the future generations. So we should attach importance to environmental protection in order to leave a better living space to our future generations. Besides, environmental protection is the requirement of the order of nature. Owing to the overlook of protecting the environment, we have suffered much punishment from nature. For example, land resources are dwindling because of the industrial development and the expansion of cities. Rivers and lakes are polluted because of the largely waste which comes from factories. Deserts are spreading because of the unending cutting. Air and water supplies are polluted because of the poisonous gas and liquid. So if we want to own a better and more comfortable life for ourselves without
pollution and disasters, we should protect our environment.
What’s more, environmental protection can promote the increase of our national economy in a way. If the natural environment is good enough, our economy will have a favorable condition to develop and will develop rapidly. The rapid development will attract many foreign investors to invest money in our country, which will promote growth of our economy. If the environment is awful, no one will be willing to invest money in our country.
From what has been discussed above, we can easily conclude that environmental protection is more important the economic development. Development is based on environmental protection. If the environment has not been protected, the development can’t keep on. Only when we protect our environment well can our country develop steadily in a sustainable way. So in my opinion, both governments and ordinary citizens should join hands to protect the environment, in order to make our country even our world a better place to live in, not only for ourselves, but also for future generations.(428)
獨立寫作plan 4
diagree or agree： it is impossible to be completely honest with your friend.是不是應(yīng)該任何時候都對朋友誠實
Friendship is a precious relationship that we all treasure. We have been taught to be honest to our friends since we were young. Some people hold the view that it is right to be completely honest with our friend. But with time passing by, we find it hard to do so all the time , so I agree with the statement that it is impossible to be completely honest with your friend, and my reasons are as follows::
Admittedly, being honest with our friend is the basic necessity to maintain friendship and interpersonal relationship. For one thing, friendship is the purest relationship in the world and we all like to befriend those who are sincere and honest. We like to stay with our friends and tell what we think to them in that we believe they are the soul mates of us. In contrast, if our friends lie to us, they will ruin our friendship. We will feel like our heart being stolen. For another, being honest with our friends is the indispensable element contributing to healthy interpersonal relationship and happier life. If we treat our friends honestly，they may introduce us to their other friends. Gradually, our social networking will be greatly strengthened and enlarged . As John Donne put it "No man is an island", we will enjoy a healthier and happier life with numerous friends.
However, dishonesty is a kind of virtue which comes out of love. Telling white lies to our friends brings them confidence to face the twists and turns in life. The society is so complex and ever-changing that being honest with our friends all the time is no easy job. And we need to tell white lies to comfort and encourage our friends. There are some situations when dishonesty is of great significance. As the story goes in the renowned writer O Henry’s work the Last Leaf, Johnsy has fallen ill and is dying of pneumonia. She watches the leaves fall from a vine outside the window of her room, and decides that when the last leaf drops, she too will die. Her friend Sue tells this to an old artist, named Behrman, who lives in the same building as the girls and braves a storm one night to paint a leaf on the wall 一 a leaf that will never fall. Johnsy was convinced by the white lie to enjoy the last days of her life. If Sue were honest, she would tell Johnsy. I believe that she will die soon. We can see that dishonesty is sometimes necessary for the sake of our friends’ health.
As is discussed above, although being honest with our friend is conducive in maintaining friendship and interpersonal relationship, dishonesty to our friends is indispensable. Therefore, we can safely draw the conclusion that it is impossible to be completely honest with our friend.(477)
獨立寫作plan 5
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Working at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office.
The global world of work has seen radical changes in recent years，among which telecommuting,or working from home，stands out as the most remarkable