考研英語語法精解 虛擬語氣

字號(hào):

“It is(high) time that”或“It seems to be(high) time that...”
    “It is(high) time that”或“It seems to be(high)time that...”用來表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)的一種假設(shè),從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式。
    例句: If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. (2001年第1題)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,it would be about time...表示與現(xiàn)在相反假設(shè)的主句。
    譯文: 要是在電*里的話,我會(huì)把頭埋在雙手間痛哭一場(chǎng)。
    例句: It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan.
    (選自1998年Text 1)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。
    譯文: 現(xiàn)在是整個(gè)世界從阿斯旺水壩中吸取教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。
    表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
    表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句,從句中動(dòng)詞為(should)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(原形)。
    這類動(dòng)詞有:advise, suggest, propose, consent, decide, command, demand, desire, insist, move(提議), order, prefer, request, require, recommend, urge, vote(提議), ask, maintain, arrange, intend, direct。
    例句: We desire that the tour leader inform us immediately of any change in plans.
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中短語inform sb. of sth.意為“告知某人某事”。
    譯文: 我們希望旅游的組織者能立刻告知我們計(jì)劃的變動(dòng)。
    例句: NBAC(National Bioethics Advisory Commission) will ask that Clintons 90day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. (選自1999年Text 4)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中that Clintons...及that it be made law是謂語動(dòng)詞ask兩并列賓語從句,同時(shí)使用了虛擬語氣,介詞短語on...cloning修飾ban。
    譯文: 美國(guó)國(guó)家生命倫理咨詢委員會(huì)將要求克林頓總統(tǒng)禁止聯(lián)邦資金用于克隆人類90天的禁令無限期延長(zhǎng),并且有可能將此立法。
    表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等意義名詞的同位語從句或表語從句
    把上述動(dòng)詞變成名詞,其后的同位語從句或表語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用(should)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(原形)虛擬式,其中move的名詞由motion替代,其他名詞形式為:advice, suggestion, proposal, consent, decision, command, demand, desire, insistence, order, preference, request, requirement, recommendation, urgency, vote, maintenance, arrangement, intention, direction。
    例句: Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of AfroAmerican poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that it be analyzed in a religious...是insistence的同位語從句,be前省略了should, as well as...是介詞短語。
    譯文: 瓊·瓦戈納對(duì)美國(guó)黑人詩歌研究的最杰出的貢獻(xiàn)是,他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為不僅要以世俗的觀點(diǎn)也要以宗教的參考框架來分析他們的詩。
    It is/was+形容詞+that...主語從句
    在It is/was+形容詞+that...主語從句中,從句謂語形式為(should)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(原形),這些形容詞有:
    (一)一般形容詞
    如appropriate, essential, important, (im)possible, natural, vital, obligatory, thoughtful, necessary, probable, preferable, urgent等。
    例句: It is essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impact brought about by transition from planned economy to market economy. (1996年第12題)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中it是形式主語,that people be psychologically able to resist the impact是真正的主語, brought about作定語修飾the impact, 介詞短語from planned economy to market economy修飾transition。
    譯文: 人們應(yīng)該從心理上抵制計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)過渡所帶來的影響,這是必需的。
    (二)與一些動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去分詞或特殊形容詞
    如suggested, proposed, consented, decided, commanded, demanded, insisted, moved, ordered, requested, required, recommended, voted, asked, maintained, arranged, intended, directed以及advisable, desirable/desired, preferable, urgent等。
    例句: It is required by law that a husband have to pay the debts of his wife until formal notice is given that he no longer has to pay them.
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,it是形式主語,真正的主語是that a husband have to pay the debts of his wife, until formal notice is given是一時(shí)間狀語從句, that he no longer has to pay them在句中作notice的同位語。
    譯文: 法律要求,丈夫必須為妻子償還債務(wù)直到正式通知不再償還為止。
    例句: When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people turn off all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.(1997年第12題)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主句是一主語從句,其中it是形式主語,that the American people turn off all power...是真正的主語。
    譯文: 愛迪生去世時(shí),有人建議國(guó)人把家庭、街道和工廠所有的電源關(guān)掉幾分鐘來紀(jì)念這位偉人。
    (三)表示驚訝、厭惡、不解等意義的形容詞
    如amazing, surprising, astonishing, interesting, odd, strange, absurd, shocked, sorry, ridiculous, incredible, annoying, astonished等。另外,此結(jié)構(gòu)中形容詞也可換成名詞,如It is a pity/shame that...以及It is no wonder that...。
    例句: It is ridiculous that a man like him should destroy his environment.
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。
    譯文: 像他那樣的人居然會(huì)破壞環(huán)境真是可笑。
    lest等連詞引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句或條件狀語從句
    連詞lest, in order that, for fear that, in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句或條件狀語從句,從句中的謂動(dòng)詞用(should)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞(原形)。
    例句: What has happened is that people can not confess fully to their dreams, as early and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar.
    (選自2000年Text 5)
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,that people can not confess fully to their dreams在句中作表語, as early and openly as作狀語修飾could, lest后引導(dǎo)一原因狀語從句。
    譯文: 如今,人們不能像以前那樣輕松而公開地坦白自己的理想,唯恐別人認(rèn)為自己愛出風(fēng)頭、貪得無厭,甚至是庸俗。
    expect, believe等動(dòng)詞用于否定或疑問形式
    expect, believe, think, suspect等動(dòng)詞用于否定或疑問形式時(shí),其后的賓語從句常用(should)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞(原形)。
    例句: He has not put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he doesnt believe that those industrial and business management should do as they were told.
    分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,so...that he doesnt believe...是一結(jié)果狀語從句,that those...should do as they were told作believe的賓語,as they were told作狀語表示方式。
    譯文: 他一直沒有提出令人不容置疑的論斷,因此他相信那些工商業(yè)的管理者不會(huì)按照他所說的去做。