托福(toefl)語法技巧:alittle/afew和little/few

字號:

a little/little(形容詞)用在不可數(shù)名詞之前:
    a little salt/little salt一點(diǎn)鹽/沒有多少鹽
    a few/few(形容詞)用在復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前:
    a few people/few people有幾個人/沒有幾個人
    這四種形式也都能用做代詞使用,或單獨(dú)使用或與of連用:
    -Sugar?
    -A little,please.
    -要糖嗎?
    -請給一點(diǎn)兒?! nly a few of these are any good.
    這其中只有幾個用得著。
    a litile,a few(形容詞和代詞)
    a little指少量或者說話人認(rèn)為少的量; a few指小數(shù)目或者說話人認(rèn)為小的數(shù)目。
    把only放在a little/a few之前,是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人認(rèn)為該數(shù)量的確很小。(考試大!)
    Only a few of our customers have accounts.
    我們的顧客中只有少數(shù)人是記賬的。
    但是把quite放在a few之前就大大增大了這個數(shù)量:
    I have quite a few books on art.
    我有不少關(guān)于藝術(shù)的書。(許多書)
    little和few(形容詞和代詞)
    little和few意為很少或沒有,幾乎具有否定意義:
    There was little time for consultation.
    幾乎沒有時間商量。
    Little is known about the side-effects of this drug.
    這種藥物有些什么副作用,現(xiàn)在還不大清楚。
    Few towns have such splendid trees.  有這么好看的樹木的城市不多。
    little和few的這種用法主要限于書面英語(可能由于在日常會話中l(wèi)ittle和few容易被誤認(rèn)為是 a little/a few)。因此,在日常會話中l(wèi)ittle和few通常由hardly any替代,也可以由動詞否定式+much/many替代:
    We saw little.
    我們沒有看到什么。相當(dāng)于:
    We saw hadly anything./We didn’t see much.
    我們幾乎什么都沒有看到。
    Tourists come here but few stay overnight.
    有游客到這里來,但很少有人過夜。相當(dāng)于:
    Tourists come here but hadly any stay overnight.
    有游客到這里來,但幾乎沒有人在這里過夜。
    但如果little和few由so,very,too,extremely,comparatively,relatively等詞修飾,就可以較自由地使用。
    fewer(比較級)也可以更自由地使用。
    I’m unwilling to try a drug I know so little about.
    我不樂意服我知之甚少的藥。
    They have too many technicians,we have too few.
    他們的技術(shù)員太多,而我們的又太少。
    There are fewer butterflies every year.
    蝴蝶的數(shù)量每年都在減少。