damage n. 損害，毀壞 v. 損壞，損毀
[特征]
- The bad weather did a lot of damage to the crops.
壞天氣使莊稼受到了很大損失。
- The flood damaged several buildings.
洪水使一些建筑受到了破壞。
[貼心叮嚀]
damage是個(gè)很重要的詞，它的基本用法和考點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們都要牢牢掌握。
[考點(diǎn)]
①damage作名詞“損害”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞；作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)意為“損害賠償費(fèi)”。
- He was awarded $500 in damages by the court.
法院判給他損害賠償費(fèi)五百美元。
②表示“……的損失”不用damage of sth.，而用damage to sth.。
（誤）The fire caused a lot of damage of the houses.
（正）The fire caused a lot of damage to the houses.
火災(zāi)造成房屋損毀嚴(yán)重。
③damage作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，本身具有被動(dòng)含義，不需要再用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
（誤）Glass is damaged easily.
（正）Glass damages easily.
玻璃容易破損。
[備考必背]
①重要詞組
damage one's health 損害健康 suffer damage from... 受到……的損害
do/cause a lot of damage to sth. 對(duì)……造成巨大損害
②辨析damage和harm
damage指車輛、房屋、莊稼等沒有生命的物體受損或毀壞；harm常指對(duì)身心健康的損害、危害等，經(jīng)常用do harm to sb. (=harm sb.)結(jié)構(gòu)。
- The accident damaged his car.
車禍毀壞了他的汽車。
- Bad books do great harm to children.
壞書對(duì)孩子們的危害極大。
danger n. ①危險(xiǎn) ②危險(xiǎn)的人或物
[特征]
danger作“危險(xiǎn)”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，作“危險(xiǎn)的人或物”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。
- All danger was over.
所有危險(xiǎn)都已經(jīng)過去了。
- That man is a danger to society.
那人對(duì)于社會(huì)是個(gè)危險(xiǎn)人物。
[考點(diǎn)]
①danger通常和of引導(dǎo)的短語搭配，不能接不定式短語。
（誤）I'm afraid there may be some danger to be misled.
（正）I'm afraid there may be some danger of being misled.
恐怕有被引入歧途的危險(xiǎn)。
②重要詞組
be in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)之中（沒有冠詞the） be out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)
- The bridge is in danger of collapse.
橋要塌了。
- He is now out of danger.
他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)脫離危險(xiǎn)了。
③派生詞：dangerous adj. 危險(xiǎn)的
④辨析be in danger和dangerous
be in danger表示“（主語）處于危險(xiǎn)之中”，而dangerous是指主語對(duì)別人有危害。
- She was ill and in danger.
她生病了，處于病危之中。
- The roof of the house has damaged. It is dangerous.
這房子的屋頂壞了，很危險(xiǎn)。
dawn n. 黎明，拂曉 vi. 破曉
[特征]
dawn指的是在早晨陽光剛剛出現(xiàn)的那段時(shí)間。
at dawn 在黎明時(shí)分
- The teacher works from dawn to dark.
那位老師從天亮工作到天黑。
- It dawns.
天亮了。
dead adj. 死的；凋謝的
- His uncle has been dead for 8 years.
他叔叔去世已經(jīng)八年了。
- The dead were buried at the foot of the hill.
死者被埋在山腳下。
[貼心叮嚀]
一定要把dead和同根詞died,dying區(qū)別開。
[備考必背]
①辨析dead, died和dying
dead形容詞，表示“死亡”這一狀態(tài)，和一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)一定要用dead；died是die的過去式，die是“死亡”，是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能和表示以短時(shí)間的狀語連用；dying的意思是“要死的，垂死的”。
（誤）His old brother has died for two years.
（正）His old brother has been dead for two years.
他哥哥去世已經(jīng)兩年了。
- Some soldiers died in battle.
一些士兵在戰(zhàn)爭中陣亡。
a dying bird 一只快死的鳥
②派生詞：death n. 死，死亡
- She was shocked by the sudden death of her father.
她被父親的突然死亡震驚了。