E
Economics 經濟學
the study of how society manages its scarce resources
Economies of scale 規(guī)模經濟
the property that long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases
Efficiency 效率
the property of a resource allocation of maximizing the total surplus received by all members of society; The property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources
Efficiency wages 效率工資
Above-equilibrium wages paid by firms in order to increase worker productivity
Efficient scale 有效規(guī)模
the quantity of output that minimizes average total cost
Elasticity 彈性
A measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to one of its determinants
Equilibrium 均衡
A situation in which supply and demand have been brought into balance
Equilibrium price 均衡價格
the price that balances supply and demand
Equilibrium quantity 均衡數(shù)量
the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded when the price has adjusted to balance supply and demand
Equity 平等
the fairness of the distribution of well-being among the various buyers and sellers; The property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of society
Excess demand 超額需求
A situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied
Excess supply 超額供給
A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded
Excludability 排他性
the property of a good that a person can be prevented from using it
Exports 出口
Goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad; Goods produced domestically and sold abroad
Externality 外部性
the impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander
Economic rents 經濟租金
payments made to a factor that are in excess of what is required to elicit the supply of that factor
Efficiency wage theory 效率工資理論
the theory that paying higher wages (up to a point) lowers total production costs, for instance by leading to a more productive labor force
Economies of scope 范圍經濟
what exists when it is less expensive to produce two products together than it would be to produce each one separately
Efficient markets theory 有效市場理論
the theory that all available information is reflected in the current price of an asset
Elasticity of labor supply 勞動供給彈性
the percentage change in labor supplied resulting from a 1% change in wages
Equity, shares, stock 股票
terms that indicate part ownership of a firm, which the firm sells in order to raise money, or capital
Equity capital 股份資本
capital, such as shares (or stock), supplied to a firm by its owners(shareholders); the returns received by the owners are not guaranteed but depend on how well the firm does
Exchange efficiency 交換的效率
the condition in which whatever the economy produces is distributed among individuals in an efficient way
Exchange rate 匯率
the rate at which one currency (such as dollars) can be exchanged for another(such as marks, yen, or pounds)
Excise tax 貨物稅
A tax on a particular good or service
Expected return 預期收益
the average return--a single number that combines the various possible returns per dollar invested with the chances that each of these returns will actually be paid
Export-led growth 出口導向型增長
the strategy that government should encourage exports in which the country has a comparative advantage to stimulate growth
Economics 經濟學
the study of how society manages its scarce resources
Economies of scale 規(guī)模經濟
the property that long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases
Efficiency 效率
the property of a resource allocation of maximizing the total surplus received by all members of society; The property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources
Efficiency wages 效率工資
Above-equilibrium wages paid by firms in order to increase worker productivity
Efficient scale 有效規(guī)模
the quantity of output that minimizes average total cost
Elasticity 彈性
A measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to one of its determinants
Equilibrium 均衡
A situation in which supply and demand have been brought into balance
Equilibrium price 均衡價格
the price that balances supply and demand
Equilibrium quantity 均衡數(shù)量
the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded when the price has adjusted to balance supply and demand
Equity 平等
the fairness of the distribution of well-being among the various buyers and sellers; The property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of society
Excess demand 超額需求
A situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied
Excess supply 超額供給
A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded
Excludability 排他性
the property of a good that a person can be prevented from using it
Exports 出口
Goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad; Goods produced domestically and sold abroad
Externality 外部性
the impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander
Economic rents 經濟租金
payments made to a factor that are in excess of what is required to elicit the supply of that factor
Efficiency wage theory 效率工資理論
the theory that paying higher wages (up to a point) lowers total production costs, for instance by leading to a more productive labor force
Economies of scope 范圍經濟
what exists when it is less expensive to produce two products together than it would be to produce each one separately
Efficient markets theory 有效市場理論
the theory that all available information is reflected in the current price of an asset
Elasticity of labor supply 勞動供給彈性
the percentage change in labor supplied resulting from a 1% change in wages
Equity, shares, stock 股票
terms that indicate part ownership of a firm, which the firm sells in order to raise money, or capital
Equity capital 股份資本
capital, such as shares (or stock), supplied to a firm by its owners(shareholders); the returns received by the owners are not guaranteed but depend on how well the firm does
Exchange efficiency 交換的效率
the condition in which whatever the economy produces is distributed among individuals in an efficient way
Exchange rate 匯率
the rate at which one currency (such as dollars) can be exchanged for another(such as marks, yen, or pounds)
Excise tax 貨物稅
A tax on a particular good or service
Expected return 預期收益
the average return--a single number that combines the various possible returns per dollar invested with the chances that each of these returns will actually be paid
Export-led growth 出口導向型增長
the strategy that government should encourage exports in which the country has a comparative advantage to stimulate growth