《考研英語(yǔ)難句突破300句》55

字號(hào):

1997 Passage 3
    11. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
    「譯文」 他們常用“物質(zhì)濫用”而不用“藥物濫用”來(lái)清楚表明濫用酒精、煙草這樣的物質(zhì)如同濫用海洛因和可卡因一樣有害。
    「析句」 句子的主干是The phrase “substance abuse” is often used,不定式 (to make clear that…)作目的狀語(yǔ)。that后面跟了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞(make clear)的賓語(yǔ)。
    「講詞」 make clear意為“解釋,說(shuō)明”。I've made it clear that it simply is not true.(我已經(jīng)清楚表明,這絕對(duì)不是真的。)The president made it clear what we would and would not do to resolve the situation.(總統(tǒng)表明為了解決問(wèn)題,我們會(huì)做什么,不會(huì)做什么。)
    12. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache,some wine to be sociable,coffee to get going in the morning,a cigarette for the nerves.
    「譯文」 我們生活在一個(gè)物質(zhì)(藥物)在醫(yī)療和社交方面使用都很廣泛的社會(huì)里:用來(lái)緩解頭痛的阿斯匹林,用來(lái)應(yīng)酬的酒,早晨用來(lái)提神的咖啡,還有定神用的香煙。
    「析句」 句子的主干就是We live in a society,后面是一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs) is pervasive,修飾 society.冒號(hào)后面的部分是并列關(guān)系的名詞詞組,用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明前面提出的substances.
    「講詞」 pervasive意為“普遍的”。They discussed the pervasive role of science,technology,and health in foreign policy.(他們討論了科學(xué)、技術(shù)和衛(wèi)生在外交政策中的普遍作用。)
    sociable意為“友善的,好交際的,促進(jìn)友誼的”。He was a sociable character who loved to discuss politics and sport at the local pub.(他是一個(gè)喜歡交際的人,喜愛(ài)在當(dāng)?shù)氐木瓢衫锱c人談?wù)撜吆腕w育。)
    get going意為“出發(fā),實(shí)行,使開(kāi)動(dòng)”。I have to get going with my book.(我得看書了?;颍何业脤憰恕#?BR>    13. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
    「譯文」 依賴的最初表現(xiàn)是不斷增長(zhǎng)的耐藥量,要產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的效果需要的藥劑量越來(lái)越大,而一旦中斷使用就會(huì)出現(xiàn)難受的停藥癥狀。
    「析句」 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Dependence is marked.句中狀語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng),注意and連接的兩個(gè)by開(kāi)始的介詞詞組是并列關(guān)系。
    「講詞」 dependence在句中的意思是“對(duì)藥物的依賴”,withdrawal意為“停止用藥”。
    14. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.
    「譯文」 刺激神經(jīng)類物質(zhì)通常分為興奮劑、鎮(zhèn)靜劑和幻覺(jué)劑。
    「析句」 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。句子的主干部分是Psychoactive substances are… grouped according to…。whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句(whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens)作介詞according to的賓語(yǔ)。
    「講詞」 group作動(dòng)詞表示“分類”。 This article describes how files are grouped when you view them in folders.(這篇文章介紹在你瀏覽文件夾中的文檔時(shí),文檔是怎么分類的。)