Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth.
There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?
Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.
26.The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage was to ____.
A）plead for the abolishment of uniforms
B）show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society
C）advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms
D）convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages
27.Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food?
A) To show that freedom of choice is absolute.
B) To show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual.
C) To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory.
D) To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations.
28.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?
A) The person who wears a uniform has no self-worth.
B) Wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept.
C) Uniforms will hurt one entire information and entertainment industry.
D) Envy and competition are incentive to improve one’s life.
29.The word “superfluous” (Para. 3) most probably means ____.
A) indispensable B) availableC) surplus D) supplementary
30.The next paragraph in this passage might discuss____.
A) the positive effects of wearing uniforms
B) more negative effects of wearing uniforms
C) alternative to wearing uniforms
D) the legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniforms
Passage Two
內(nèi)容概要:本文討論了在任何情況下，都不能強迫一個人穿制服。制服的作用在于告訴人們穿制服的個人是沒有價值的，他只不過是集體的一部分。有人認(rèn)為穿制服給人一種集體認(rèn)同感，但這世上還有什么比個人更重要的呢？也有人認(rèn)為穿制服的做法，比如說穿校服，能夠消除人們之間的羨慕與競爭，至少在服裝方面是這樣的，但是沒有了羨慕和競爭，也就自然沒有了激勵人們改善生活的上進(jìn)心。另外，穿制服對信息工業(yè)和娛樂業(yè)也產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。
26.【答案】D。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是說服讀者制服的缺點比優(yōu)點多。
【試題分析】主旨題。通過文章的主題句以及各段落主題句可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見文章開篇段第一句No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance可以看出，穿制服不好，接下來簡要說明原因：Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth。所以答案為D。
27.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，強迫每個人買同樣的車，吃同樣的食物，作者舉這兩個例子是用來說明如果強迫人們穿制服，會是什么結(jié)果。
【試題分析】類比題。通過類比的例子可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. 如果每個人都被迫做同樣的事，包括被迫穿制服，那么其結(jié)果是all incentive to improve one’s life is removed。因而答案為C。
28.【答案】B。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，穿制服給人一種集體認(rèn)同感，這一說法是錯誤的。
【試題分析】是非題。一誤三正，通過選項對應(yīng)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見第一段最后一句The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth, A說法是對的。根據(jù)第二段第一句There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept，有人贊成穿制服gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept，但接下來一句What could be more important than the individual himself?反駁了該觀點，因而B說法不對。根據(jù)文章最后三句：The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse。特別是根據(jù)最后一句可以看出，C說法是對的。根據(jù)第二段里的意思: envy and competition...It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. 人們失去了envy and competition，什么都要求一致，也就失去了改善生活的動力，從正面來說，答案為B。
29.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，推銷員也成了多余的了。
【試題分析】詞義題。通過上下文可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見第三段里的If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well，特別是as well, 可以看出superfluous與unnecessary是近義詞，因而答案是C。
30.【答案】B。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，這篇文章的下一段將可能進(jìn)一步討論穿制服的負(fù)面影響。
【試題分析】推斷題。通過文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見文章開篇第一句即主題句，說“在任何情況下都不能強迫一個人穿制服?！币韵聝啥螐牟煌矫嬲f明穿制服不好，文章沒有結(jié)尾，接下來可能繼續(xù)討論穿制服不好。所以答案是B。
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth.
There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?
Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.
26.The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage was to ____.
A）plead for the abolishment of uniforms
B）show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society
C）advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms
D）convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages
27.Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food?
A) To show that freedom of choice is absolute.
B) To show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual.
C) To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory.
D) To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations.
28.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?
A) The person who wears a uniform has no self-worth.
B) Wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept.
C) Uniforms will hurt one entire information and entertainment industry.
D) Envy and competition are incentive to improve one’s life.
29.The word “superfluous” (Para. 3) most probably means ____.
A) indispensable B) availableC) surplus D) supplementary
30.The next paragraph in this passage might discuss____.
A) the positive effects of wearing uniforms
B) more negative effects of wearing uniforms
C) alternative to wearing uniforms
D) the legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniforms
Passage Two
內(nèi)容概要:本文討論了在任何情況下，都不能強迫一個人穿制服。制服的作用在于告訴人們穿制服的個人是沒有價值的，他只不過是集體的一部分。有人認(rèn)為穿制服給人一種集體認(rèn)同感，但這世上還有什么比個人更重要的呢？也有人認(rèn)為穿制服的做法，比如說穿校服，能夠消除人們之間的羨慕與競爭，至少在服裝方面是這樣的，但是沒有了羨慕和競爭，也就自然沒有了激勵人們改善生活的上進(jìn)心。另外，穿制服對信息工業(yè)和娛樂業(yè)也產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。
26.【答案】D。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是說服讀者制服的缺點比優(yōu)點多。
【試題分析】主旨題。通過文章的主題句以及各段落主題句可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見文章開篇段第一句No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance可以看出，穿制服不好，接下來簡要說明原因：Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth。所以答案為D。
27.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，強迫每個人買同樣的車，吃同樣的食物，作者舉這兩個例子是用來說明如果強迫人們穿制服，會是什么結(jié)果。
【試題分析】類比題。通過類比的例子可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. 如果每個人都被迫做同樣的事，包括被迫穿制服，那么其結(jié)果是all incentive to improve one’s life is removed。因而答案為C。
28.【答案】B。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，穿制服給人一種集體認(rèn)同感，這一說法是錯誤的。
【試題分析】是非題。一誤三正，通過選項對應(yīng)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見第一段最后一句The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth, A說法是對的。根據(jù)第二段第一句There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept，有人贊成穿制服gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept，但接下來一句What could be more important than the individual himself?反駁了該觀點，因而B說法不對。根據(jù)文章最后三句：The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse。特別是根據(jù)最后一句可以看出，C說法是對的。根據(jù)第二段里的意思: envy and competition...It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. 人們失去了envy and competition，什么都要求一致，也就失去了改善生活的動力，從正面來說，答案為B。
29.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，推銷員也成了多余的了。
【試題分析】詞義題。通過上下文可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見第三段里的If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well，特別是as well, 可以看出superfluous與unnecessary是近義詞，因而答案是C。
30.【答案】B。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，這篇文章的下一段將可能進(jìn)一步討論穿制服的負(fù)面影響。
【試題分析】推斷題。通過文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)可以得知答案。
【詳細(xì)解答】見文章開篇第一句即主題句，說“在任何情況下都不能強迫一個人穿制服?！币韵聝啥螐牟煌矫嬲f明穿制服不好，文章沒有結(jié)尾，接下來可能繼續(xù)討論穿制服不好。所以答案是B。