《初中英語語法梳理和提高 5代 詞》由留學(xué)liuxue86.com編輯整理。本內(nèi)容整理時間為05月12日,如有任何問題請聯(lián)系我們。
代 詞
知識梳理:提綱挈領(lǐng),抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)!
一、代詞的分類英語中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。
二、代詞的用法
1.人稱代詞:人稱代詞是指人的代詞,有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示"我" "你" "他" "我們" "你們" "他們"。請看下表:
數(shù)
格
人 稱
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
主格
賓格
主格
賓格
第一人稱
we
me
we
us
第二人稱
you
you
you
you
第三人稱
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
(1)人稱代詞主格在句中作主語。例如:She is my English teacher.
(2)賓格在句中作賓語。例如:They don't want me to go there alone.
Don't worry. I can look after her.
(3)賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語中。例如:--- Who's that? --- It's me.
注意:①人稱代詞we, you, they 可以用來表示一般人。例如:
You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不準(zhǔn)穿拖鞋進(jìn)入大廳。
②人稱代的主格作表語,一般都在正中的談話中, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:
It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那條項鏈。
③人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國、大地、月亮、輪船等。 例如:
The ship is leaving. She's on her first trip to Boston. 輪船要起航了。 這時她第一次去波士頓。
We love our country, we hope she'll be stronger and stronger. 我們熱愛我們的祖國,我們希望她越來越強(qiáng)大。
④It作為人稱代詞時,可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等。 例如:
It is about 10 kilometres from here. 離這兒大約有10公里。
⑤It 還可用作形式主語或形式賓語,來代替由不定式,動詞的-ing,形式或主語從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語或賓語, 以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如:
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is good for you taking a walk after supper.
I found it difficult to sleep.
⑥英語里當(dāng)主語是并列的幾個人時,人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語不同, I 在最后, you 在最前;但是, 當(dāng)受到批評或時承認(rèn)錯誤時正好相反,I 在最前, you在最后。 例如:
You, he and I are all the winners.
I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
2.物主代詞:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。
詞義
類型
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我們的
你們的
他/她/它們的
形容詞性物主代詞
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名 詞性物主代詞
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
(1)形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語, 后面跟名詞。例如:
To our surprise, he has passed the exam.
(2) 名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征, 在句中作主語、表語、賓語。例如:
May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主語)
Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表語)
My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作賓語)
(3) 名詞性物主代詞可以與of 連用, 作定語。 例如:A friend of ours are waiting for us.
3.反身帶詞:用來表示"某人自己"的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示:
詞義
數(shù)
我(們)自己
你(們)自己
他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 們 自 己
單 數(shù)
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
復(fù) 數(shù)
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
(1)反身代詞在句中常用賓語,主語或賓語的同位語。例如:
Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作賓語)
He himself is always making such mistakes. (主語同位語)
You'd better ask your wife herself. (賓語同位語)
(2)反身代詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成固定搭配,例如:
make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to…,etc
4.指示代詞:表示時間和空間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞叫指示代詞。見下表
這,這個
那,那個
這些
那些
this
that
these
those
thisthatthesethose
指示代詞可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。例如:
Those are my parents. ( 作主語)
Throw it like that. (作表語)
The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表語)
These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定語)
注意:(1)前面剛剛提到過的東西, 常用that, those 表示。 例如:
I'm sorry to hear that.
( 2 )下文將要提到的事情, 可用these, this 表示, 起啟下的作用。 例如:
Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.
5.疑問代詞:用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞。常用的有:who, what, which, whose, whom, 在句中常作主語、賓語、定語、表語。
作主語: What make you so happy?
作賓語: Who / Whom is your manager talking with?
在口語中, 作賓語時 who和whom可以通用,但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如:
About whom they are talking just now?
作定語: Which subject do you like best?
作表語: What's your mother.
6.相互代詞:用于表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。 常用的有:each other, one another. 相互代詞可以作賓語、定語。例如:
We should help each other.
The villagers have looked after one another these year.
相互代詞后可以加's,表示所有關(guān)系。 例如:
We put the presents in each other's stocking.
7.連接代詞: 用來連接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有:what, which, who, whom whose, that例如:
I know what he said at the meeting.
The problem is who will mend it.
Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?
8. 不定代詞:不定代詞沒有確定的對象, 常用的有:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。
不定代詞通??梢宰鲋髡Z、賓語、表語、定語, 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代詞不能做定語,no和every 只能做定語。
代詞
many, few, a few修飾可數(shù)名詞,much, little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both, either, neither, each用于指兩者,all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。
《初中英語語法梳理和提高 5代 詞》由留學(xué)liuxue86.com編輯整理
代 詞
知識梳理:提綱挈領(lǐng),抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)!
一、代詞的分類英語中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。
二、代詞的用法
1.人稱代詞:人稱代詞是指人的代詞,有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示"我" "你" "他" "我們" "你們" "他們"。請看下表:
數(shù)
格
人 稱
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
主格
賓格
主格
賓格
第一人稱
we
me
we
us
第二人稱
you
you
you
you
第三人稱
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
(1)人稱代詞主格在句中作主語。例如:She is my English teacher.
(2)賓格在句中作賓語。例如:They don't want me to go there alone.
Don't worry. I can look after her.
(3)賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語中。例如:--- Who's that? --- It's me.
注意:①人稱代詞we, you, they 可以用來表示一般人。例如:
You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不準(zhǔn)穿拖鞋進(jìn)入大廳。
②人稱代的主格作表語,一般都在正中的談話中, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如:
It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那條項鏈。
③人稱代詞she可以用指代祖國、大地、月亮、輪船等。 例如:
The ship is leaving. She's on her first trip to Boston. 輪船要起航了。 這時她第一次去波士頓。
We love our country, we hope she'll be stronger and stronger. 我們熱愛我們的祖國,我們希望她越來越強(qiáng)大。
④It作為人稱代詞時,可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等。 例如:
It is about 10 kilometres from here. 離這兒大約有10公里。
⑤It 還可用作形式主語或形式賓語,來代替由不定式,動詞的-ing,形式或主語從句構(gòu)成的真正的主語或賓語, 以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如:
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is good for you taking a walk after supper.
I found it difficult to sleep.
⑥英語里當(dāng)主語是并列的幾個人時,人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語不同, I 在最后, you 在最前;但是, 當(dāng)受到批評或時承認(rèn)錯誤時正好相反,I 在最前, you在最后。 例如:
You, he and I are all the winners.
I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
2.物主代詞:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。
詞義
類型
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我們的
你們的
他/她/它們的
形容詞性物主代詞
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名 詞性物主代詞
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
(1)形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語, 后面跟名詞。例如:
To our surprise, he has passed the exam.
(2) 名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征, 在句中作主語、表語、賓語。例如:
May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主語)
Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表語)
My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作賓語)
(3) 名詞性物主代詞可以與of 連用, 作定語。 例如:A friend of ours are waiting for us.
3.反身帶詞:用來表示"某人自己"的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示:
詞義
數(shù)
我(們)自己
你(們)自己
他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 們 自 己
單 數(shù)
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
復(fù) 數(shù)
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
(1)反身代詞在句中常用賓語,主語或賓語的同位語。例如:
Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作賓語)
He himself is always making such mistakes. (主語同位語)
You'd better ask your wife herself. (賓語同位語)
(2)反身代詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成固定搭配,例如:
make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to…,etc
4.指示代詞:表示時間和空間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞叫指示代詞。見下表
這,這個
那,那個
這些
那些
this
that
these
those
thisthatthesethose
指示代詞可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。例如:
Those are my parents. ( 作主語)
Throw it like that. (作表語)
The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表語)
These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定語)
注意:(1)前面剛剛提到過的東西, 常用that, those 表示。 例如:
I'm sorry to hear that.
( 2 )下文將要提到的事情, 可用these, this 表示, 起啟下的作用。 例如:
Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.
5.疑問代詞:用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞。常用的有:who, what, which, whose, whom, 在句中常作主語、賓語、定語、表語。
作主語: What make you so happy?
作賓語: Who / Whom is your manager talking with?
在口語中, 作賓語時 who和whom可以通用,但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如:
About whom they are talking just now?
作定語: Which subject do you like best?
作表語: What's your mother.
6.相互代詞:用于表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。 常用的有:each other, one another. 相互代詞可以作賓語、定語。例如:
We should help each other.
The villagers have looked after one another these year.
相互代詞后可以加's,表示所有關(guān)系。 例如:
We put the presents in each other's stocking.
7.連接代詞: 用來連接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有:what, which, who, whom whose, that例如:
I know what he said at the meeting.
The problem is who will mend it.
Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?
8. 不定代詞:不定代詞沒有確定的對象, 常用的有:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。
不定代詞通??梢宰鲋髡Z、賓語、表語、定語, 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代詞不能做定語,no和every 只能做定語。
代詞
many, few, a few修飾可數(shù)名詞,much, little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both, either, neither, each用于指兩者,all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。
《初中英語語法梳理和提高 5代 詞》由留學(xué)liuxue86.com編輯整理