新gre填空增加了雙空空題型,自去年新gre改革以來(lái)更加側(cè)重基礎(chǔ)能力的考察,新gre填空題型更多的考察單詞的用法和精確含義,同時(shí)天空中加深了閱讀理解能力的考察,因此考生在備考新gre填空時(shí)大量的閱讀訓(xùn)練也必不可少。
例7. (OG Authentic GRE Practice Test Section 4, Q11)(BDG)
What readers most commonly remember about John Stuart Mill’s classic exploration of the liberty of thought and discussion concerns the danger of (i) ______: in the absence of challenge, one’s opinions, even when they are correct, grow weak and flabby. Yet Mill had another reason for encouraging the liberty of thought and discussion: the danger of partiality and incompleteness. Since one’s opinions, even under the best circumstances, tend to (ii) ______, and because opinions opposed to one’s own rarely turn out to be completely (iii) ______, it is crucial to supplement one’s opinions with alternative points of view.
BLANK (i) BLANK (ii) BLANK (iii)
(A) tendentiousness (D) embrace only a portion of the truth (G) erroneous
(B) complacency (E) change over time (H) antithetical
(C) fractiousness (F) focus on matters close at hand (I) immutable
(一) 選取第一個(gè)空格所在部分:
… classic exploration of the liberty of thought and discussion concerns the danger of (i) ______: in the absence of challenge, one’s opinions, even when they are correct, grow weak and flabby.
分句之間沒(méi)有表示反義的關(guān)聯(lián)元素,相反的是,只有冒號(hào)表示解釋說(shuō)明作用,因而前后分句之間是同義關(guān)系;而沒(méi)有表示否定的詞語(yǔ)出現(xiàn),故相關(guān)對(duì)應(yīng)詞語(yǔ)之間也是同義關(guān)系。
Blank1中應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞,表示一種……的危險(xiǎn),而這種危險(xiǎn)來(lái)自于觀點(diǎn)因?yàn)槿笔魬?zhàn)而變得不如以前,故來(lái)自于一個(gè)人的“自滿、自大”。
選擇與自主判讀一致的詞匯填空:
[1]. tendentiousness:(傾向性)marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of view : BIASED
[2]. complacency:(自鳴得意)COMPLACENCE; especially: self-satisfaction accompanied by unawareness of actual dangers or deficiencies
[3]. fractiousness:(爭(zhēng)斗)tending to be troublesome : UNRULY
(二) 選取第二空所在部分:
…Yet Mill had another reason for encouraging the liberty of thought and discussion: the danger of partiality and incompleteness. Since one’s opinions, even under the best circumstances, tend to (ii) ______ …
這里有個(gè)特殊情況:“yet”在與“another blabla”連接的情況下,不是作為轉(zhuǎn)折使用,而是作為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的標(biāo)志使用。大韋氏上對(duì)此的解釋是:“in addition : BESIDES < gives yet another reason>”。
調(diào)整語(yǔ)序以后有:
… Yet Mill had another reason for encouraging the liberty of thought and discussion: the danger of partiality and incompleteness. Since one’s opinions tend to (ii) ______, even under the best circumstances,…
調(diào)整語(yǔ)序后發(fā)現(xiàn),前后兩句話由since連接,表示因果關(guān)系,故前后兩句話是同義關(guān)系。
前半句中冒號(hào)起解釋說(shuō)明作用,也沒(méi)有否定詞,故前半句表達(dá)同一種意思,即一個(gè)人的思想存在著partiality and incompleteness的問(wèn)題;而后面的句子中,是對(duì)前文的繼續(xù),因而前后兩句話中所說(shuō)的人們思想的問(wèn)題一樣。
而后面一句話中,even表示“即便是”的意思,與前文相反,說(shuō)明在最好的情況下,思想也存在問(wèn)題,而這一問(wèn)題就是之前一句話中說(shuō)到的關(guān)于不完整的問(wèn)題。
選擇與自主判讀一致的詞匯填空:
[1]. embrace only a portion of the truth:僅僅掌握了部分真相
[2]. change over time:隨時(shí)間改變而變
[3]. focus on matters close at hand:僅僅關(guān)注眼前的事情
(三) 選取第三空所在部分:
Since one’s opinions, even under the best circumstances, tend to (ii) embrace only a portion of the truth, and because opinions opposed to one’s own rarely turn out to be completely (iii) ______, it is crucial to supplement one’s opinionswith alternative points of view.
這句話前半部分指出一個(gè)人的思想,即便是最完美的情況下,也會(huì)不全面。
而后半句通過(guò)”, and”連接,視為分號(hào),即前后兩句話是并列復(fù)指的同義關(guān)系,即一個(gè)人的思想不是完善的。
在后半句中,只有because連接兩個(gè)分句,故兩句話之間是同義關(guān)系;而后半句話中存在rarely表示否定,則前后兩句話中的對(duì)應(yīng)單詞是反義關(guān)系。
后半句中說(shuō)要依據(jù)其他觀點(diǎn)來(lái)補(bǔ)充一個(gè)人的想法,那么原因即與一個(gè)人的思想不同的觀點(diǎn)不可能完善所致;對(duì)應(yīng)單詞是supplement的反義詞,即“不能使用、有錯(cuò)誤”等。
選擇與自主判讀一致的詞匯填空:
[1]. erroneous:(錯(cuò)誤的)containing or characterized by error : MISTAKEN
[2]. antithetical:(對(duì)立的)constituting or marked by antithesis
[3]. immutable:(一成不變的)not capable of or susceptible to change
(四) 理解句意,看是否邏輯與語(yǔ)義契合:
讀者們通常對(duì)于John Stuart Mill對(duì)思想自由與言論自由的經(jīng)典探索往往會(huì)涉及到自滿的危險(xiǎn)性,即:在缺乏挑戰(zhàn)的情況下,一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn),甚至是在它們是正確的時(shí)候,也是虛弱無(wú)力的。然而,Mill對(duì)于鼓勵(lì)思想自由與言論自由還有另外一個(gè)理由,他認(rèn)為只有思想與言論的自由才能克服人們因?qū)τ谀臣挛锏钠珢叟c不完整的認(rèn)識(shí)而產(chǎn)生的偏差。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人的觀點(diǎn),即便是在最有利的情境下,也會(huì)偏向于僅僅反映部分現(xiàn)實(shí),同時(shí)因?yàn)榕c一個(gè)人自身觀點(diǎn)相對(duì)的那些觀點(diǎn)往往并非是完全錯(cuò)誤的,所以通過(guò)其他觀點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充一個(gè)人的認(rèn)識(shí)也很重要。
新gre填空更加注重實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力的考察,減少了對(duì)單詞純意義的考察,所以備考新gre填空考試的考生可以根據(jù)以上gre官方指南對(duì)三空題型的解析進(jìn)行備考。
例7. (OG Authentic GRE Practice Test Section 4, Q11)(BDG)
What readers most commonly remember about John Stuart Mill’s classic exploration of the liberty of thought and discussion concerns the danger of (i) ______: in the absence of challenge, one’s opinions, even when they are correct, grow weak and flabby. Yet Mill had another reason for encouraging the liberty of thought and discussion: the danger of partiality and incompleteness. Since one’s opinions, even under the best circumstances, tend to (ii) ______, and because opinions opposed to one’s own rarely turn out to be completely (iii) ______, it is crucial to supplement one’s opinions with alternative points of view.
BLANK (i) BLANK (ii) BLANK (iii)
(A) tendentiousness (D) embrace only a portion of the truth (G) erroneous
(B) complacency (E) change over time (H) antithetical
(C) fractiousness (F) focus on matters close at hand (I) immutable
(一) 選取第一個(gè)空格所在部分:
… classic exploration of the liberty of thought and discussion concerns the danger of (i) ______: in the absence of challenge, one’s opinions, even when they are correct, grow weak and flabby.
分句之間沒(méi)有表示反義的關(guān)聯(lián)元素,相反的是,只有冒號(hào)表示解釋說(shuō)明作用,因而前后分句之間是同義關(guān)系;而沒(méi)有表示否定的詞語(yǔ)出現(xiàn),故相關(guān)對(duì)應(yīng)詞語(yǔ)之間也是同義關(guān)系。
Blank1中應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞,表示一種……的危險(xiǎn),而這種危險(xiǎn)來(lái)自于觀點(diǎn)因?yàn)槿笔魬?zhàn)而變得不如以前,故來(lái)自于一個(gè)人的“自滿、自大”。
選擇與自主判讀一致的詞匯填空:
[1]. tendentiousness:(傾向性)marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of view : BIASED
[2]. complacency:(自鳴得意)COMPLACENCE; especially: self-satisfaction accompanied by unawareness of actual dangers or deficiencies
[3]. fractiousness:(爭(zhēng)斗)tending to be troublesome : UNRULY
(二) 選取第二空所在部分:
…Yet Mill had another reason for encouraging the liberty of thought and discussion: the danger of partiality and incompleteness. Since one’s opinions, even under the best circumstances, tend to (ii) ______ …
這里有個(gè)特殊情況:“yet”在與“another blabla”連接的情況下,不是作為轉(zhuǎn)折使用,而是作為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的標(biāo)志使用。大韋氏上對(duì)此的解釋是:“in addition : BESIDES < gives yet another reason>”。
調(diào)整語(yǔ)序以后有:
… Yet Mill had another reason for encouraging the liberty of thought and discussion: the danger of partiality and incompleteness. Since one’s opinions tend to (ii) ______, even under the best circumstances,…
調(diào)整語(yǔ)序后發(fā)現(xiàn),前后兩句話由since連接,表示因果關(guān)系,故前后兩句話是同義關(guān)系。
前半句中冒號(hào)起解釋說(shuō)明作用,也沒(méi)有否定詞,故前半句表達(dá)同一種意思,即一個(gè)人的思想存在著partiality and incompleteness的問(wèn)題;而后面的句子中,是對(duì)前文的繼續(xù),因而前后兩句話中所說(shuō)的人們思想的問(wèn)題一樣。
而后面一句話中,even表示“即便是”的意思,與前文相反,說(shuō)明在最好的情況下,思想也存在問(wèn)題,而這一問(wèn)題就是之前一句話中說(shuō)到的關(guān)于不完整的問(wèn)題。
選擇與自主判讀一致的詞匯填空:
[1]. embrace only a portion of the truth:僅僅掌握了部分真相
[2]. change over time:隨時(shí)間改變而變
[3]. focus on matters close at hand:僅僅關(guān)注眼前的事情
(三) 選取第三空所在部分:
Since one’s opinions, even under the best circumstances, tend to (ii) embrace only a portion of the truth, and because opinions opposed to one’s own rarely turn out to be completely (iii) ______, it is crucial to supplement one’s opinionswith alternative points of view.
這句話前半部分指出一個(gè)人的思想,即便是最完美的情況下,也會(huì)不全面。
而后半句通過(guò)”, and”連接,視為分號(hào),即前后兩句話是并列復(fù)指的同義關(guān)系,即一個(gè)人的思想不是完善的。
在后半句中,只有because連接兩個(gè)分句,故兩句話之間是同義關(guān)系;而后半句話中存在rarely表示否定,則前后兩句話中的對(duì)應(yīng)單詞是反義關(guān)系。
后半句中說(shuō)要依據(jù)其他觀點(diǎn)來(lái)補(bǔ)充一個(gè)人的想法,那么原因即與一個(gè)人的思想不同的觀點(diǎn)不可能完善所致;對(duì)應(yīng)單詞是supplement的反義詞,即“不能使用、有錯(cuò)誤”等。
選擇與自主判讀一致的詞匯填空:
[1]. erroneous:(錯(cuò)誤的)containing or characterized by error : MISTAKEN
[2]. antithetical:(對(duì)立的)constituting or marked by antithesis
[3]. immutable:(一成不變的)not capable of or susceptible to change
(四) 理解句意,看是否邏輯與語(yǔ)義契合:
讀者們通常對(duì)于John Stuart Mill對(duì)思想自由與言論自由的經(jīng)典探索往往會(huì)涉及到自滿的危險(xiǎn)性,即:在缺乏挑戰(zhàn)的情況下,一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn),甚至是在它們是正確的時(shí)候,也是虛弱無(wú)力的。然而,Mill對(duì)于鼓勵(lì)思想自由與言論自由還有另外一個(gè)理由,他認(rèn)為只有思想與言論的自由才能克服人們因?qū)τ谀臣挛锏钠珢叟c不完整的認(rèn)識(shí)而產(chǎn)生的偏差。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人的觀點(diǎn),即便是在最有利的情境下,也會(huì)偏向于僅僅反映部分現(xiàn)實(shí),同時(shí)因?yàn)榕c一個(gè)人自身觀點(diǎn)相對(duì)的那些觀點(diǎn)往往并非是完全錯(cuò)誤的,所以通過(guò)其他觀點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充一個(gè)人的認(rèn)識(shí)也很重要。
新gre填空更加注重實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力的考察,減少了對(duì)單詞純意義的考察,所以備考新gre填空考試的考生可以根據(jù)以上gre官方指南對(duì)三空題型的解析進(jìn)行備考。

