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被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)
助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞；情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞。被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。
被動語態(tài)的用法
1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我們教室每天都被打掃。
I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力學(xué)習(xí)。
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用來切東西的。
2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龍蛋被放置了很久很久。
3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city. 我們城市將要修建一家新醫(yī)院。
Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年會種更多的樹。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them. 他們在那里種植的樹木。
5.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages. 這本書被翻譯成多種文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在許多國家有許多人造衛(wèi)星被送上了太空。
6.過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.當(dāng)他的父母趕到醫(yī)院的時候這個男孩正在做手術(shù)。
The new road was being made.這條新路正在修筑。
7.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：had + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老師來之前，教室尚未打掃。
The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在門票被銷售一空前我趕到了電影院。
8.將來完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：shall/will + have done
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 屆時，他們結(jié)婚將滿20周年。
The project will have been completed before May.該項目將在五月前完成。
9.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Young trees must be watered often. 小樹需要經(jīng)常澆水。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就改正你的錯誤。
The door may be locked inside. 這扇門可以反鎖。
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作業(yè)可以明天交。
八種常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
A lot of books are kept in our school library. 我們學(xué)校圖書館有許多藏書。
2.一般過去時
A thief was caught last night. 一個小偷昨晚被抓了。
3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
The watch is being repaired. 這塊表正在修理。
4.過去進(jìn)行時
The door was being painted at that time. 那時門還在油漆。
5.一般將來時
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon. 班會下周六下午召開。
6.過去將來時
They said the work would be finished the next day. 他們說這項工作第二天就能完成。
7.現(xiàn)在完成時
My bag has been stolen. 我的包被偷了。
8.過去完成時
She said this airport had never been used. 她說這個機(jī)場沒有使用過。