2020考研英語:長句小練精講解析6

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    2020考研英語:長句小練精講解析6
    That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
    【分析】
    這是因果復(fù)合句,前半句是原因,后半句結(jié)果,so是斷句標(biāo)志。前半句中, that means后面是一個(gè)省略that的賓語從句,其中主語是a higher proportion of what is in the sea ,謂語是is being caught 。后半句是一個(gè)比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)the real difference … is likely to be worse than the one…,注意recorded by changes in catch sizes是一個(gè)過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu),修飾the one。
    【詞匯】
    a higher proportion of更高比例的
    catch sizes捕獲量
    【譯文】這意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕殺,因此介于現(xiàn)在和過去這一段時(shí)間,真正差別可能比捕獲量所記錄的變化更要糟糕。
    2句精講:
    NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.
    【分析】
    今天選擇這個(gè)句子是為了理解一個(gè)語言現(xiàn)象:虛擬語氣。主語是NBAC,謂語ask后面是兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句。在第一個(gè)從句中,主語是Clinton's 90-day ban,謂語是be extended,ask表示“要求”,后面是虛擬語氣的用法,即the 90-day ban should be extended,should被省略。在第二個(gè)從句中,it指代the ban on federal funds for human cloning, 謂語動(dòng)詞be前面也被省略should。
    【詞匯】
    ask要求(后面出現(xiàn)從句,謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略)
    ban 禁止
    federal funds聯(lián)邦資金
    indefinitely 無限制地
    【譯文】 NBAC會(huì)要求將克林頓所頒布的在90天內(nèi)禁止聯(lián)邦基金用于克隆人的禁令無限期地延續(xù)下去,還可能要求將之立法。
    3句精講:
    In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be “morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.”
    【分析】
    主干是Shapiro suggested that+從句。主語前面的部分是該句的介詞短語作狀語,其中recommendations后面接過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)discussed at the 17 May meeting做修飾成分。that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句the panel had found a broad consensus,而從句中a broad consensus后面是同位語從句,解釋consensus的內(nèi)容,這個(gè)同位語從句中的it充當(dāng)?shù)氖切问街髡Z,真正的主語是后面的不定式to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning。
    【詞匯】
    draft 草稿
    preface 序言(pre-在…前面,face封面)
    suggest 不表示建議,在這里譯成“提出”
    panel 專家組
    consensus 共識(shí)
    morally 道德地
    attempt to嘗試
    【譯文】在5月17日會(huì)議上所討論的建議書序言草案中,Shapiro提出,專家組已經(jīng)達(dá)成廣泛共識(shí),那就是“試圖過成人細(xì)胞核克隆來制造人類幼兒的做法在道德上是不可接受的”。
    4句精講:
    No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not share its values.
    【分析】
    冒號(hào)將句子一分為二,前面分句中No clear-cut distinction是主語,can be drawn是謂語部分,后面是介詞短語。后面分句是對(duì)前面的解釋。Nevertheless表明兩句話之間的邏輯關(guān)系,the word "amateur"是主語, does carry是謂語,同時(shí)也是強(qiáng)調(diào)的寫法, a connotation是賓語。后面that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,其中is和may not share用and連接。
    【詞匯】
    clear-cut 清晰的,輪廓鮮明的
    distinction 區(qū)別,差別&mdash>注意:顯赫、聲望的含義也是考試的重點(diǎn)
    例如 a writer of distinction 一位卓越的作家
    academic distinctions學(xué)術(shù)上的榮譽(yù)
    amateur a.業(yè)余愛好者
    connotation 含蓄,內(nèi)涵[carry a connotation 意味著]
    is fully integrated into充分融入 (integrate v. 使一體化,結(jié)合)
    【譯文】科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人員和業(yè)余愛好者之間劃不出涇渭分明的界線:因?yàn)槿魏我?guī)則都有例外。然而,"業(yè)余"一詞的確意味著相關(guān)人員不能充分融入職業(yè)科學(xué)界,尤其未能分享科學(xué)圈子的價(jià)值。
    5句精講:
    The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.
    【分析】
    該句的主干是The goal … will be to try to explain...,explain后接的是雙賓語,即explain to sb. sth.,直接賓語是that引導(dǎo)的從句。該從句的主干是there are not two theories for...,其中origin和evolution,universe和life都是and連接的并列名詞。
    【詞匯】
    unenlightened adj. 無知的,不文明的
    valid adj.有效的
    evolution n. 進(jìn)化,發(fā)展
    【譯文】所有(這些書)的目的是試圖告訴那些迷惑不解且常常頭腦不開化的普通百姓:就宇宙和生命的起源與發(fā)展問題而言,不可能存在兩種同樣成立的科學(xué)理論。