奧利地維也納大學(xué)成立于1365年，是德語(yǔ)世界最古老的大學(xué)，也是中歐規(guī)模最大的大學(xué)之一，目前世界排名第154位。下面請(qǐng)看出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)整理并翻譯的維也納大學(xué)基本概況，供參考。
一、關(guān)于維也納大學(xué)
The University of Vienna was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365. It is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and one of the largest in Central Europe. Currently, about 91,000 students are enrolled at the University of Vienna. 188 courses can be taken, of which 56 are Bachelor Programmes, 117 Master Programmes, 4 Diploma Programmes and 11 PhD Programmes. With staff of 9,400 employees, 6,700 of whom are academic, the University of Vienna is the largest teaching and research institution in Austria. It aims to sustain a wide range of studies, but at the same time to promote new and innovative fields of research, and to establish new networks between subjects. From 363 European partner universities, the University of Vienna has entered into an ERASMUS-Partnership with 350 universities. Students from approximately 130 countries attend more than 10,000 lectures at the University of Vienna every year.
faculty staff and students
| Number of academic faculty staff | Number of students | Number of international students | |||
| In total | 3411 | In total | 45967 | In total | 14468 |
| International | 1400 | Postgraduate | 40% | Postgraduate | 44% |
| Undergraduate | 60% | Undergraduate | 56% | ||
維也納大學(xué)由哈布內(nèi)斯王朝親王魯?shù)罓柗蛩氖烙?365年建立。它是德語(yǔ)世界最古老的大學(xué)，也是中歐規(guī)模最大的大學(xué)之一。目前，維也納大學(xué)有大約9萬(wàn)1千名在校生，188門(mén)。其中學(xué)士計(jì)劃56個(gè)，碩士計(jì)劃117個(gè)，4個(gè)文憑計(jì)劃和11個(gè)博士計(jì)劃。9千4百名員工，專(zhuān)業(yè)人員6千7百人，是奧地利規(guī)模最大的教學(xué)和科研機(jī)構(gòu)。維也納大學(xué)的目標(biāo)是提供眾多學(xué)科課程，同時(shí)倡導(dǎo)創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域研究，在學(xué)科之間建立新聯(lián)系。維也納大學(xué)在歐洲有363個(gè)伙伴大學(xué)，并且參與了伊拉斯謨 計(jì)劃，與350所大學(xué)有伙伴關(guān)系。每年，維也納大學(xué)面向近130個(gè)國(guó)家招生，每年有1萬(wàn)多個(gè)講座。
師生人數(shù)
| 專(zhuān)業(yè)教員人數(shù) | 學(xué)生人數(shù) | 國(guó)際學(xué)生人數(shù) | |||
| 總共 | 3411 | 總共 | 45967 | 總共 | 14468 |
| 國(guó)際教員 | 1400 | 研究生占比 | 40% | 研究生占比 | 44% |
| 本科生占比 | 60% | 本科生占比 | 56% | ||
二、維也納大學(xué)的歷史
When the Philosophical Faculty was the first institution of the University of Vienna to open itself to the enrolment of women in the academic year of 1897/98, more than 500 years had already passed since the university’s founding.
At first, three women enrolled. The ratio of women to men at that point was 1:183. Today – varying by discipline – one can speak of a ratio of about 1:1.
Up to the 1880s the “l(fā)ow cerebral capacity” of women was used as a scientific argument against their admission to the studies. The capabilities of individual women were seen as exceptions and one cautioned against extrapolating from their abilities to the general population. However, progress could not be stopped. In 1900, only three years later, women were also admitted to the Medical Faculty.
維也納大學(xué)成立500多年之后才開(kāi)始招收女學(xué)生。這學(xué)院是維也納大學(xué)第一個(gè)為女學(xué)生提供注冊(cè)的學(xué)院，第一次注冊(cè)是在1897/98學(xué)年。
起先，只有三名女學(xué)生注冊(cè)。那時(shí)的男女比例是183:1。今天，維也納大學(xué)的那女比例雖然因?qū)W科不同而有所不同，但是已經(jīng)降到了1:1。
在19世紀(jì)80年代的時(shí)候，婦女“低腦容量”的謬論仍被人們用來(lái)作為拒絕招收女學(xué)生的借口。婦女的能力在那時(shí)被視為例外，人們會(huì)推測(cè)她們的能力可能低于常人。盡管如此，歷史的進(jìn)步不可避免。1990年，僅在三年后，維也納大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院也招收了女學(xué)生。
In the course of this, a linguistically and culturally varied picture presented itself. The female student body was not only made up of women from mainly German-speaking parts of the monarchy, but instead – particularly in medicine – the number of female students from Galicia had surpassed that of those from Vienna. With the political changes, especially in the 1930s, this picture was transformed as well. In regard to the studied subjects, a focus on philosophy followed by psychology and pedagogy can be observed. This was due to, on the one hand, the philosophical oral exam being mandatory for all doctoral studies in the humanities and natural sciences, and on the other hand to the fact that these subjects were also compulsory for all teacher training studies, which were attended by a large percentage of women.
In 1918/19, the year in which women also received the right to vote in the newly proclaimed Austrian Republic, the ban on women’s enrolment fell at the Faculty of Law, the study at which was a prerequisite for almost all higher public official positions as well as the entry requirement for the legal professions. A little later, in 1923, women were also allowed to study at the Faculty of Protestant Theology, with the Faculty of Catholic Theology following suit in 1945. Compared to other European countries, Austria was the last country apart from Prussia to admit women to universities.
在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，語(yǔ)言和文化差異的圖景說(shuō)明了問(wèn)題。女學(xué)生不只來(lái)自?shī)W地利德語(yǔ)區(qū)，相反，特別是醫(yī)學(xué)院，來(lái)自加利西亞的女學(xué)生人數(shù)超過(guò)了維也納。隨著政治局面的改變，特別是在20世紀(jì)30年代，這個(gè)圖景也發(fā)生了巨大改變。在學(xué)科方面，學(xué)習(xí)哲學(xué)的女學(xué)生最多，緊隨其后的是心理學(xué)和教育學(xué)。出現(xiàn)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，一方面是因?yàn)榇疝q是所有學(xué)習(xí)人文和自然科學(xué)課程的博士生都必須的，另一方面，因?yàn)檫@些學(xué)科也是所有師范生必須的，而師范生中，女學(xué)生占了很大比重。
在1981/19學(xué)年，婦女在奧地利共和國(guó)成立下獲得了選舉權(quán)。同年，禁止招收女學(xué)生的禁令在法學(xué)院被取消。在此之前，法律幾乎是所有高級(jí)公共官位和法律行業(yè)職位所必須的。不久，1923年，新教神學(xué)院也招收了女學(xué)生，天主教神學(xué)院1945年也招收了女學(xué)生。和其他歐洲國(guó)家相比，奧地利是普魯士以外的最晚招收女學(xué)生的國(guó)家。
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