奧利地維也納大學成立于1365年，是德語世界最古老的大學，也是中歐規(guī)模最大的大學之一，目前世界排名第154位。下面請看出國留學網(wǎng)整理并翻譯的維也納大學基本概況，供參考。
一、關(guān)于維也納大學
The University of Vienna was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365. It is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and one of the largest in Central Europe. Currently, about 91,000 students are enrolled at the University of Vienna. 188 courses can be taken, of which 56 are Bachelor Programmes, 117 Master Programmes, 4 Diploma Programmes and 11 PhD Programmes. With staff of 9,400 employees, 6,700 of whom are academic, the University of Vienna is the largest teaching and research institution in Austria. It aims to sustain a wide range of studies, but at the same time to promote new and innovative fields of research, and to establish new networks between subjects. From 363 European partner universities, the University of Vienna has entered into an ERASMUS-Partnership with 350 universities. Students from approximately 130 countries attend more than 10,000 lectures at the University of Vienna every year.
faculty staff and students
| Number of academic faculty staff | Number of students | Number of international students | |||
| In total | 3411 | In total | 45967 | In total | 14468 |
| International | 1400 | Postgraduate | 40% | Postgraduate | 44% |
| Undergraduate | 60% | Undergraduate | 56% | ||
維也納大學由哈布內(nèi)斯王朝親王魯?shù)罓柗蛩氖烙?365年建立。它是德語世界最古老的大學，也是中歐規(guī)模最大的大學之一。目前，維也納大學有大約9萬1千名在校生，188門。其中學士計劃56個，碩士計劃117個，4個文憑計劃和11個博士計劃。9千4百名員工，專業(yè)人員6千7百人，是奧地利規(guī)模最大的教學和科研機構(gòu)。維也納大學的目標是提供眾多學科課程，同時倡導創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域研究，在學科之間建立新聯(lián)系。維也納大學在歐洲有363個伙伴大學，并且參與了伊拉斯謨 計劃，與350所大學有伙伴關(guān)系。每年，維也納大學面向近130個國家招生，每年有1萬多個講座。
師生人數(shù)
| 專業(yè)教員人數(shù) | 學生人數(shù) | 國際學生人數(shù) | |||
| 總共 | 3411 | 總共 | 45967 | 總共 | 14468 |
| 國際教員 | 1400 | 研究生占比 | 40% | 研究生占比 | 44% |
| 本科生占比 | 60% | 本科生占比 | 56% | ||
二、維也納大學的歷史
When the Philosophical Faculty was the first institution of the University of Vienna to open itself to the enrolment of women in the academic year of 1897/98, more than 500 years had already passed since the university’s founding.
At first, three women enrolled. The ratio of women to men at that point was 1:183. Today – varying by discipline – one can speak of a ratio of about 1:1.
Up to the 1880s the “l(fā)ow cerebral capacity” of women was used as a scientific argument against their admission to the studies. The capabilities of individual women were seen as exceptions and one cautioned against extrapolating from their abilities to the general population. However, progress could not be stopped. In 1900, only three years later, women were also admitted to the Medical Faculty.
維也納大學成立500多年之后才開始招收女學生。這學院是維也納大學第一個為女學生提供注冊的學院，第一次注冊是在1897/98學年。
起先，只有三名女學生注冊。那時的男女比例是183:1。今天，維也納大學的那女比例雖然因?qū)W科不同而有所不同，但是已經(jīng)降到了1:1。
在19世紀80年代的時候，婦女“低腦容量”的謬論仍被人們用來作為拒絕招收女學生的借口。婦女的能力在那時被視為例外，人們會推測她們的能力可能低于常人。盡管如此，歷史的進步不可避免。1990年，僅在三年后，維也納大學醫(yī)學院也招收了女學生。
In the course of this, a linguistically and culturally varied picture presented itself. The female student body was not only made up of women from mainly German-speaking parts of the monarchy, but instead – particularly in medicine – the number of female students from Galicia had surpassed that of those from Vienna. With the political changes, especially in the 1930s, this picture was transformed as well. In regard to the studied subjects, a focus on philosophy followed by psychology and pedagogy can be observed. This was due to, on the one hand, the philosophical oral exam being mandatory for all doctoral studies in the humanities and natural sciences, and on the other hand to the fact that these subjects were also compulsory for all teacher training studies, which were attended by a large percentage of women.
In 1918/19, the year in which women also received the right to vote in the newly proclaimed Austrian Republic, the ban on women’s enrolment fell at the Faculty of Law, the study at which was a prerequisite for almost all higher public official positions as well as the entry requirement for the legal professions. A little later, in 1923, women were also allowed to study at the Faculty of Protestant Theology, with the Faculty of Catholic Theology following suit in 1945. Compared to other European countries, Austria was the last country apart from Prussia to admit women to universities.
在這個過程中，語言和文化差異的圖景說明了問題。女學生不只來自奧地利德語區(qū)，相反，特別是醫(yī)學院，來自加利西亞的女學生人數(shù)超過了維也納。隨著政治局面的改變，特別是在20世紀30年代，這個圖景也發(fā)生了巨大改變。在學科方面，學習哲學的女學生最多，緊隨其后的是心理學和教育學。出現(xiàn)這個現(xiàn)象，一方面是因為答辯是所有學習人文和自然科學課程的博士生都必須的，另一方面，因為這些學科也是所有師范生必須的，而師范生中，女學生占了很大比重。
在1981/19學年，婦女在奧地利共和國成立下獲得了選舉權(quán)。同年，禁止招收女學生的禁令在法學院被取消。在此之前，法律幾乎是所有高級公共官位和法律行業(yè)職位所必須的。不久，1923年，新教神學院也招收了女學生，天主教神學院1945年也招收了女學生。和其他歐洲國家相比，奧地利是普魯士以外的最晚招收女學生的國家。
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