如果你想要去美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)教育相關(guān)的專業(yè)，那么教育學(xué)專業(yè)院校排名一定是你參考的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一，那么美國(guó)研究生教育學(xué)院的院校排名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是怎樣的呢?跟著出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)來一起了解一下美國(guó)最佳教學(xué)學(xué)院排名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀吧。
For the U.S. News rankings of graduate education programs, 379 schools granting doctoral degrees were surveyed in fall 2016 and early 2017.Of those schools, 256 responded and provided the data needed to calculate rankings based on a weighted average of the 10 measures outlined below.
2016年秋季和2017年初，在美國(guó)研究生教育項(xiàng)目排名中，有379所授予博士學(xué)位的學(xué)校接受了調(diào)查。在這些學(xué)校中，有256人響應(yīng)并提供了計(jì)算排名所需的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)是根據(jù)下面列出的10項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的加權(quán)平均值計(jì)算的。
一、質(zhì)量評(píng)估(權(quán)重為0.40)Quality Assessment (weighted by 0.40)
1.同伴評(píng)估分?jǐn)?shù)(0.25)
In fall 2016, education school deans and deans of graduate studies at education schools were asked to rate programs on a scale of 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding). Those individuals who did not know enough about a school to evaluate it fairly were asked to mark "don't know." Thirty-two percent of those surveyed responded.A school's score is the average rating of all the respondents who rated it. Responses of "don't know" counted neither for nor against a school.
在2016年秋季，教育學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)和研究生教育學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng)們被要求以1(邊緣)到5(杰出)的比例對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)。那些對(duì)一所學(xué)校不夠了解的人，我們對(duì)于他提供的分?jǐn)?shù)我們是不會(huì)納入?yún)⒖挤秶小０俜种氖茉L者回答被我們納入?yún)⒖挤秶?。學(xué)校的分?jǐn)?shù)是所有評(píng)分者的平均評(píng)分?！安恢馈钡幕卮鹚淼氖羌炔皇菍?duì)于這所大學(xué)的肯定也不代表否定。
2.管理者評(píng)估得分(0.15)
In fall 2016, as in previous years, school superintendents, school hiring contacts and professionals who hire graduates from graduate education programs were asked to rate programs on a scale of 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding). Those individuals who did not know enough about a school to evaluate it fairly were asked to mark "don't know."A school's score is the average of all the respondents who rated it in the three most recent years of survey results. Responses of "don't know" counted neither for nor against a school.The graduate education schools provided U.S. News with the names of the school superintendents, hiring contacts and education professionals.
在2016年秋季，與前幾年一樣，學(xué)校的負(fù)責(zé)人、學(xué)校聘用的聯(lián)系人以及從研究生教育項(xiàng)目中聘用畢業(yè)生的專業(yè)人員被要求以1(邊際)到5(未完成)的比例對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)。那些對(duì)一所學(xué)校不夠了解的人被要求對(duì)其進(jìn)行公正的評(píng)價(jià)，如果這樣的話，我們?cè)试S他們用“不知道”來回答。在最近幾年的調(diào)查結(jié)果中，學(xué)校的分?jǐn)?shù)是所有被調(diào)查者的平均得分?！安恢馈钡幕卮鹚淼氖羌炔皇菍?duì)于這所大學(xué)的肯定也不代表否定。研究生教育學(xué)校為美國(guó)最佳教學(xué)學(xué)院排名提供了學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)人的名字，雇傭了聯(lián)系人和教育專業(yè)人員。所有評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)由益普索公共事務(wù)收集。
二、學(xué)生選擇性(加權(quán)為0.18)Student Selectivity (weighted by 0.18)
1.錄取率(0.06)
This is the proportion of applicants to the doctoral program who were offered admission for the 2016-2017 academic year.
申請(qǐng)2016 - 2017學(xué)年度博士課程的申請(qǐng)人的比例。
2.平均GRE語文成績(jī)(0.06)
This is the mean verbal score on the GRE for doctoral students entering in the 2016-2017 academic year. Where mean GRE verbal scores were not available for entering doctoral students, mean GRE verbal scores for all entering graduate students were substituted, if available, in the ranking calculations.
2016 - 2017學(xué)年博士生入學(xué)GRE的平均成績(jī)。如果沒有進(jìn)入博士生的GRE語言成績(jī)，那么所有進(jìn)入研究生的GRE成績(jī)都被替換，如果可以的話，將被列入在排名的計(jì)算中。
3.平均GRE分?jǐn)?shù)(0.06)
This is the mean quantitative score on the GRE for doctoral students entering in the 2016-2017 academic year. Where mean GRE quantitative scores were not available for entering doctoral students, mean GRE quantitative scores for all entering graduate students were substituted, if available, in the ranking calculations.For both GRE measures, only scores from the new GRE, which were first converted to a common percentile scale, were used in the ranking calculation.The average GRE scores that appear on the rankings tables at usnews.com only include scores for entering doctoral students who took the test during or after August 2011 using the updated 130-170 score scale. The GRE data are only available to users with a U.S. News Education School Compass subscription
這是2016 - 2017學(xué)年博士生入學(xué)GRE的平均數(shù)量分?jǐn)?shù)。如果沒有進(jìn)入博士研究生的GRE定量分?jǐn)?shù)，意味著所有進(jìn)入研究生的GRE分?jǐn)?shù)都被替換，如果可以的話，將被列入在排名的計(jì)算中。
對(duì)于這兩項(xiàng)GRE考試，在排名計(jì)算中只使用了新GRE的分?jǐn)?shù)，而新GRE的分?jǐn)?shù)最初被換算成百分?jǐn)?shù)。在usnews.com上排名表上的平均GRE成績(jī)只包括在2011年8月或之后使用更新的130 - 170評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參加考試的博士生的分?jǐn)?shù)。GRE數(shù)據(jù)只適用于有美國(guó)最佳教學(xué)學(xué)院排名教育學(xué)校指南訂閱的用戶。
三、教師資源(加權(quán)0.12)Faculty Resources (weighted by 0.12)
1.師生比例(0.045)
This is the 2016 ratio of all full-time-equivalent doctoral students to full-time faculty. This year, U.S. News used a logarithmic transformation of the original value for the student-faculty ratio since it had a skewed distribution. This logarithmic manipulation rescaled the data and allowed for a more normalized and uniform spread of values across the indicator.After this indicator was normalized using a log value, its indicator z-score was calculated from the log values. In statistics, a z-score is a standardized score that indicates how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean of that variable. This transformation of the data is essential when combining diverse information into a single ranking because it allows for fair comparisons between the different types of data.
2016年全職教師與全職教師的比率。今年。我們的排名使用了一個(gè)對(duì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換的原始價(jià)值的學(xué)生-教師比例，因?yàn)樗幸粋€(gè)傾斜的分布。這個(gè)對(duì)數(shù)操作重新調(diào)整了數(shù)據(jù)，并允許在整個(gè)指示器上實(shí)現(xiàn)更規(guī)范化、更均勻的值分布。在使用日志值對(duì)該指示器進(jìn)行規(guī)范化之后，它的指示器z分?jǐn)?shù)是從日志值中計(jì)算出來的。在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)中，z分?jǐn)?shù)是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的分?jǐn)?shù)，表示一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)從這個(gè)變量的平均值中有多少個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差。當(dāng)將不同的信息組合成一個(gè)排序時(shí)，數(shù)據(jù)的這種轉(zhuǎn)換非常重要，因?yàn)樗试S對(duì)不同類型的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行公平的比較。
2.獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的教師比例(0.025)
This is the average percentage of the full-time tenured or tenure-track faculty who held awards or editorships among selected education journals in 2015 and 2016. This indicator in the rankings uses a comprehensive list of education-related awards and journals adapted from a survey of deans from the Association of American Universities and the Council of Academic Deans from Research Education Institutions, conducted for U.S. News by a committee of AAU deans of education.
這是2015年和2016年在選定的教育期刊中舉辦獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)或編輯的全職終身教職員工或終身教職員工的平均比例。該排行榜的這個(gè)指標(biāo)使用了一系列與教育相關(guān)的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)和期刊，這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)是根據(jù)美國(guó)大學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)和學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)協(xié)會(huì)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查所改編的，由AAU教育學(xué)院的一個(gè)委員會(huì)為我們制作該排名所做。
3.博士學(xué)位授予(0.05)
This is the ratio of the number of doctoral degrees awarded in 2016 to the number of full-time faculty members in 2015-2016.
這是2016年授予的博士學(xué)位數(shù)量與2015 - 2016年全職教師人數(shù)之比。
四、研究活動(dòng)(權(quán)重為0.30)Research Activity (weighted by 0.30)
1.總研究支出(0.15)
This is an education school's total research expenditures averaged over fiscal years 2015 and 2016. Expenditures refer to separately funded research, public and private, that the school conducted.
這是一所教育學(xué)院2015 - 2016財(cái)年的總科研支出。支出是指學(xué)校進(jìn)行的單獨(dú)資助的研究、公共和私人研究。
2.每位教員平均花費(fèi)(0.15)
Average expenditures per faculty member (0.15): This is the average of research expenditures per full-time tenured and tenure-track faculty member averaged over fiscal years 2015 and 2016. Expenditures refer to separately funded research, public and private, that the school conducted.
這是指2015年和2016年平均每個(gè)全職終身教授和終身教職員工的平均研究支出。支出是指學(xué)校進(jìn)行的單獨(dú)資助的研究、公共和私人研究的支出。
五、其他
Overall Rank：Data were standardized about their means, and standardized scores were weighted, totaled and rescaled so that the top school received 100; other schools received their percentage of the top score. Graduate education schools were then numerically ranked in descending order based on their scores.
總排名:數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化分?jǐn)?shù)加權(quán)總計(jì)和新頂級(jí)學(xué)校等數(shù)據(jù)，我們共收集了100份，其他學(xué)校也獲得了最高分。研究生教育學(xué)院按照他們的分?jǐn)?shù)按降序排列。
Specialty Rankings:Education specialty ratings, such as educational psychology and special education, are based solely on nominations by education school deans and education school deans of graduate studies from the list of schools surveyed. They selected up to 10 top programs in each area.Those schools receiving the most votes in each specialty are numerically ranked in descending order based on the number of nominations they received, as long as they received seven or more nominations in that specialty area. This means that schools ranked at the bottom of each specialty ranking have received at least seven nominations.
專業(yè)排名:教育專業(yè)的評(píng)級(jí)，如教育心理學(xué)和特殊教育，調(diào)查的學(xué)校名單完全基于教育學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)和教育學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)的提名。他們?cè)诿總€(gè)地區(qū)挑選了多達(dá)10個(gè)頂級(jí)的課程。在每一專業(yè)中獲得最多選票的學(xué)校按照他們所獲得的提名數(shù)量按順序排列，只要他們?cè)谠搶I(yè)領(lǐng)域獲得7個(gè)或更多的提名。這意味著各專業(yè)排名墊底的學(xué)校至少獲得了七項(xiàng)提名。
Rank Not Published:U.S. News has numerically ranked the top three-fourths of the graduate education schools. The bottom quarter of the education schools are listed as Rank Not Published.Rank Not Published means that U.S. News calculated numerical ranks for those schools but decided for editorial reasons not to publish them. Schools marked as Rank Not Published are listed alphabetically.
U.S. News will supply programs listed as Rank Not Published with their numerical ranks if they submit a request following the procedures listed in the Information for School Officials.
沒有公布的排名:美國(guó)最佳教學(xué)學(xué)院排名已經(jīng)將研究生教育學(xué)校的前四分之三排名靠前。教育學(xué)校的下四分之一被列為沒有公布的排名。排名沒有公布意味著美國(guó)最佳教學(xué)學(xué)院排名對(duì)這些學(xué)校的排名進(jìn)行了計(jì)算，但由于編輯的原因決定不發(fā)表。未公布排名的學(xué)校按字母順序排列。美國(guó)最佳教學(xué)學(xué)院排名將提供被列為排名的程序，如果他們按照學(xué)校官員信息中列出的程序提交請(qǐng)求，將不會(huì)公布他們的排名。
Unranked:Programs that did not supply U.S. News with enough key statistical data to be numerically ranked are listed as Unranked. Unranked schools are listed alphabetically below those marked as Rank Not Published.
優(yōu)先排序：沒有向美國(guó)最佳教學(xué)學(xué)院排名提供足夠的關(guān)鍵統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的程序被列為無排名。未排名的學(xué)校按字母順序排列，位于未發(fā)表的排名之下。
School Data:All of the 379 education schools surveyed are listed in the online directory. Schools provided data that appear in the rankings tables and on school profile pages. If a data point is listed as "N/A," the school did not provide it.
學(xué)校數(shù)據(jù):所有被調(diào)查的379所教育學(xué)校都列在在線目錄中。學(xué)校提供的數(shù)據(jù)顯示在排行榜和學(xué)校簡(jiǎn)介頁面上。如果一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)被列為“N / a”，則說明學(xué)校沒有提供相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)。
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