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考研閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題答題技巧
細(xì)節(jié)題是考研英語閱讀的高失分題，其原因是細(xì)節(jié)題題量大，而且考生考試過程定位不準(zhǔn)，因此出錯(cuò)的幾率也大。細(xì)節(jié)題的題干特征是題干中沒有其他題型的標(biāo)志詞，而且題干中出現(xiàn)大量的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞。
細(xì)節(jié)題每年的考頻是40% 左右，因此是我們傳統(tǒng)閱讀提分的關(guān)鍵。細(xì)節(jié)題快速解題技巧是：利用同義置換原則將題干中的每個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞(表示性質(zhì)、屬性或態(tài)度的詞)進(jìn)行回文定位，通常定位到關(guān)鍵詞所在句或其上下句(至多不超過兩句)。細(xì)節(jié)題的正確答案是對定位句子其余信息語義的同義置換或同義改寫?？忌⒁獾氖?，定位題干關(guān)鍵詞的時(shí)候盡量將每個(gè)詞都進(jìn)行定位。
【舉例講解】
例1：... Cline's three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. [2013, Text 1]
22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to _______.
[A] combat unnecessary waste
[B] shop for their garments more frequently
[C] resist the influence of advertisements
[D] shut out the feverish fashion world
【解題方法】根據(jù)該題干特征可知這是細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題的快速解題技巧是以題干中的每個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞利用同義置換原則回文定位從而得出答案。該題干的關(guān)鍵詞有Cline、mass-market labels、urge、consumers。首先，根據(jù)Cline可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，整個(gè)段落都在講Cline。利用mass-market labels可以定位到第二句的mass-market labels和第四句的These labels;再利用題干中的urge(勸告)可以定位到文章的encourage(鼓勵(lì));題干中出現(xiàn)的urge consumers to同義替換了文章的encourage style-conscious consumers to所以答案從這句剩余的信息出。句子中剩余的信息是一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，也屬于常見考點(diǎn)，為：to see clothes as disposable and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.與B選項(xiàng)完全同義互換。B中的shop對應(yīng)文章的renew;選項(xiàng)中的garments(衣著，裝備)對應(yīng)文章的wardrobe(衣柜);選項(xiàng)中的more frequently對應(yīng)文章的every few weeks。所以答案選B。
例2：In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from …[2013 text1]
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her_____.
[A] poor bargaining skill.
[B] insensitivity to fashion.
[C] obsession with high fashion.
[D] lack of imagination
【解題方法】本題也是將題干的關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章中去。題干的Priestly會(huì)定位到第一句和第二句中;題干的criticizes定位到第一句話的scolds;題干的her assistant for定位到第一句話中，所以本題的答案應(yīng)該鎖定在第一句剩余的信息imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her?？忌钊菀族e(cuò)誤的是選D中的imagination，這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是典型的形而上學(xué)，望文生義。Imagining在此處表達(dá)的是“觀點(diǎn)”，可以翻譯成“認(rèn)為”，重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容是后面，high fashion doesn’t affect her.表示“時(shí)尚沒有影響到她”。其同意替換的為：insensitivity to對應(yīng)文章的doesn’t affect;fashion對應(yīng)文章的high fashion;題干的her對應(yīng)文章的her。
總之，考生無論是在定位考點(diǎn)句還是選答案的時(shí)候都要進(jìn)行同義替換，保證答案中的每個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞都能與文章匹配。
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