中考英語易錯(cuò)題(4)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學(xué) 葛 林
1. at
[誤]It will really do you no harm quite.
[正]It will really do you no harm at all.
[析]at all和quite的漢語意思均為“全然”、“確定的”，但at all適用于否定句，例如：--- I'm sorry. I'm late.--- No trouble at all. 又如：I don't think it is right at all. 而quite則適用于肯定句，例如：He is quite a good teacher.
[誤]The children play football for lunch.
[正]The children play football at lunch.
[析]英語中的at lunch為“在吃午飯時(shí)”。這種慣用法還有at work(在工作)，at table(在吃飯)，at desk(在學(xué)習(xí))。而for lunch則是為午飯而準(zhǔn)備的食物，又如：We had some milk for breakfast.
[誤]There is a post office in the corner of the street.
[正]There is a post office at the corner of the street.
[析]at the corner是指墻外面的角，而in the corner是指建筑物內(nèi)部的角落。例如：There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.
at, in, on
在表示時(shí)間時(shí)用來表示具體鐘點(diǎn)用at，如：He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、下午時(shí)要用in，如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是：in the morning和in the afternoon這兩個(gè)詞組中如果加入了任何修飾詞，其介詞要換為on，如：on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如：See you on Monday morning. 如講到具體的某一天，要用on, 如：on Sunday, 如：I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在談到周、月、季、年時(shí)要用in，如：All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣誕節(jié)、復(fù)活節(jié)、感恩節(jié)時(shí)都用at, 如：Where are you going at Easter.
2. back
[誤]I'm sorry. I have to back home.
[正]I'm sorry. I have to go back home.
[正]I'm sorry. I have to go home.
[析]back用作“回到(某處)”之意，不是動(dòng)詞。
3. be
[誤]Where do you from?
[正]Where are you from?
[析]“你從何處來”應(yīng)為Where are you from?或Where do you come from? 但要注意這兩句話均是問對方從哪個(gè)國家來的。要是口語中問“你是從什么地方來?”應(yīng)講Where did you come from? 回答用I came from the library.
4. beat
[誤]We have won your class.
[正]We have beaten your class.
[正]We have won the game.
[析]win是勝過之意，它是及物動(dòng)詞，但其后的賓語只能接比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金的名稱，如：Which team won the football match? 而beat指打敗對手、敵人……如：My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat的過去式與原形相同，而過去分詞為beaten)。
[誤]The ball beat me badly.
[正]The ball hit me badly.
[誤]He used to hit the little boy black and blue.
[正]He used to beat the little boy black and blue.
[析]beat指打擊多次，而hit則為擊中對方的一次性打擊。
5. beautiful
[誤]He is a beautiful boy.
[正]He is a handsome boy.
[析]我們可以講She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要講男人的“英俊”時(shí)要用handsome.
6. because
[誤]The reason why I was late is because I was ill.
[正]The reason why I was late is that I was ill.
[誤]Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.
[正]Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.
[析]這種錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)橹形牡牧?xí)慣與英語的表述法不同，中文常講我來晚了的原因是因?yàn)槲也×?，而英文中的第二個(gè)因?yàn)橐胻hat代替。又因中文常講因?yàn)椤浴?，而英文中用了因?yàn)榫筒荒茉儆盟粤耍瑯佑昧恕八浴币簿筒灰儆谩耙驗(yàn)椤币辉~。例如：Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者：We study hard so we passed the exam easily.
because, because of
because后要接從句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名詞作介詞賓語，如：He is not at school because of the illness.
7. before
[誤]We have two hours to kill before we will go home.
[正]We have two hours to kill before we go home.
[析]kill time意為“消磨時(shí)光”。
英語狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。如：If it rains we will not go to the park.
[誤]I did this work two days before.
[正]I did this work two days ago.
[析]用ago組成的時(shí)間狀語其主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去時(shí)，而before引起的時(shí)間狀語其主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞多用完成時(shí)，如：I has done this work a few days before.
before, long, long before
before long是“不久”之意，例如：I shall go to America before long. 而long before則是“很久很久”之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我們在看到這位老師之前很久就知道他了。)
8. begin
[誤]The meeting will begin from Monday.
[正]The meeting will begin on Monday.
[誤]The film has begun for ten minutes.
[正]The film has been on for ten minutes.
[析]begin是瞬間動(dòng)詞，所以它的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語，如：The film has begun. 這句話是對的，即“電影已經(jīng)開始”。但要講已經(jīng)開始10分鐘了則要用has been on即“上演了10分鐘”。
begin, start
begin與start兩詞后面加不定式或動(dòng)名詞都可以，且意思并無區(qū)別，但在表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)接動(dòng)名詞的用法較多，如：How old were you when you first started learning English?但這兩個(gè)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中則多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主語是物而不是人，則多用不定式，如：The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是表達(dá)某種心理狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.
[誤]They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.
[正]They study hard in the class from beginning to end.
[析]from beginning to end是習(xí)慣用法，即自始至終，不要加冠詞，但如單獨(dú)使用則要加冠詞，例如：At the beginning, the teacher gave us an exam.
9. behind
[誤]He missed the class because he was behind the time.
[正]He missed the class because he was behind time.
[析]behind time一短語意為“晚了”，而behind the times意為“落后于時(shí)代”。behind是介詞同時(shí)又是副詞，如Come out from behind the door(介詞). He's a long way behind(副詞). He fell behind with his classmates(副詞).
10. below
[誤]What's that below the chair.
[正]What's that under the chair.
[析]under意為“正下方”，而below意為“比……低”，或指“在下游”。如：There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一個(gè)瀑布。)其反義詞為over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在“下面的例子”一表達(dá)語中則要用the example below, 而不要用under.
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