?1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done sth
這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)有著特殊意義：用來表示猜測(cè)（設(shè)想可能發(fā)生過什么事情）或
想象（設(shè)想可能出現(xiàn)過什么不同的情況）
①should (ought to) have done sth? 本來該做而未做
This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue.
②need have done sth?? 本來有必要做而未做
You needn’t have told her the news.
③must have done sth?? 對(duì)過去所做動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
④can have done sth??? 對(duì)過去所做動(dòng)作的否定或疑問推測(cè)
I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
⑤may (might) have done sth 過去可能發(fā)生某事，與could相比，may和 might可能性較小，might 可能性更??；might 也可表示過去可能發(fā)生而未發(fā)生的事情。
Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
⑥could have done sth ?
推測(cè)過去”可能“發(fā)生某事 （同can, 但can不用肯定句）
She could have gone off with some friends.
表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性：某事可能發(fā)生，但卻沒有發(fā)生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
表示有能力做而未做（虛擬語氣）
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)
2、can???? could???? be able to?????? 表示”能力“
can 通常表示現(xiàn)在的或”一般的能力“---即你無論什么時(shí)候想做就能
做到的能力, 指單純的表示一個(gè)人有某種能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.
be able to表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事。
will be able to 表示將來的能力
I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.
could 表達(dá)? ”一般的能力“---即你過去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表達(dá)過去某種具體的能力，此時(shí)用was able to,? managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“
可用來表示：①理論上的可能性（不涉及是否真發(fā)生）；②提出建議
（提出解決某個(gè)問題的可能辦法或者采取的行動(dòng)）；③在問句或否定句中表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的可能性）
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
①---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help.?、?BR> Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ?、?BR> may 可用來表達(dá)：①將來的可能性；②說話時(shí)某事可能是真實(shí)的
We may go climbing this summer. ①
You may be right. ②
could / might 可用來表示：?、僬f話時(shí)某事可能是真實(shí)的；②將來
某事有可能發(fā)生，但不表示特別可能發(fā)生。
You could be right, but I don’t think you are. ?、佟?BR> It could rain later on this evening. ?、?BR> 4、can,? could,? may 和might表示“允許”
①請(qǐng)求允許：它們都可以表示請(qǐng)求允許做某事,could 和 might并不是表示過去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
②允許：當(dāng)我們?cè)试S某人做某事時(shí)，我們用can和may來表達(dá)，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒絕”的意思）
---Could I use your phone?? ?
---Yes, of course you can /may.? (No, you can’t / may not.)
??????? 5、can和could表示提議和請(qǐng)求
它們常用來提議為某人做某事或請(qǐng)求別人做某事，could更客氣，更
含尊敬的成分，這種用法常見于陳述句和疑問句中
①提議：
Can? I carry your bag ?
I could / can do the shopping for you, if you’re tired.
②請(qǐng)求和命令：
Could / Can you help me with this letter?
You can / could start by cleaning the car.
6、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will
①預(yù)測(cè)未來（第一人稱用shall)，或發(fā)布命令
---There’s someone coming up the stairs.
---That’ll be Mary.
You’ll start work at six o’clock.
②自愿與意向
I will (不用 I shall) 表示自愿做某事，或主動(dòng)提出做某事，或表達(dá)堅(jiān)定的意圖
---Can somebody help me ?
--- I will.
I’ll break your neck.
will you常用來提出要求或下命令，或提出請(qǐng)求
Will? you come this way, please?
Will you have some more wine ?
用won’t表示拒絕
No, I won’t !
She won’t open the door.
7、shall
用于第一人稱，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(說話人做某事)。
用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。
用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。
8、常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答
①---Must we hand in our plan ?
---Yes, you must.????? (No, you needn’t.)
②---Need I come ?
---Yes, you must.????? (No, you needn’t.)
③---May I smoke here ?
---Yes, please.??? (Certainly. / Yes, you may. )
(No, you mustn’t. / may not. / Please don’t.)
④---Could / Can I offer you some coffee ??? (提議)
(---Will / Would you have some coffee ?)
---Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like some ,please. (不用Yes, you can.)
(No, thank you.)?? (不用No, you can’t.)
⑤---Could / Can / Would / Will? you (please) open the door ?(請(qǐng)求)
---Yes, of course (I will).? (No, I’m afraid I can’t.)
這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)有著特殊意義：用來表示猜測(cè)（設(shè)想可能發(fā)生過什么事情）或
想象（設(shè)想可能出現(xiàn)過什么不同的情況）
①should (ought to) have done sth? 本來該做而未做
This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue.
②need have done sth?? 本來有必要做而未做
You needn’t have told her the news.
③must have done sth?? 對(duì)過去所做動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
④can have done sth??? 對(duì)過去所做動(dòng)作的否定或疑問推測(cè)
I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
⑤may (might) have done sth 過去可能發(fā)生某事，與could相比，may和 might可能性較小，might 可能性更??；might 也可表示過去可能發(fā)生而未發(fā)生的事情。
Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
⑥could have done sth ?
推測(cè)過去”可能“發(fā)生某事 （同can, 但can不用肯定句）
She could have gone off with some friends.
表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性：某事可能發(fā)生，但卻沒有發(fā)生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
表示有能力做而未做（虛擬語氣）
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)
2、can???? could???? be able to?????? 表示”能力“
can 通常表示現(xiàn)在的或”一般的能力“---即你無論什么時(shí)候想做就能
做到的能力, 指單純的表示一個(gè)人有某種能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.
be able to表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事。
will be able to 表示將來的能力
I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.
could 表達(dá)? ”一般的能力“---即你過去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表達(dá)過去某種具體的能力，此時(shí)用was able to,? managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“
可用來表示：①理論上的可能性（不涉及是否真發(fā)生）；②提出建議
（提出解決某個(gè)問題的可能辦法或者采取的行動(dòng)）；③在問句或否定句中表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的可能性）
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
①---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help.?、?BR> Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ?、?BR> may 可用來表達(dá)：①將來的可能性；②說話時(shí)某事可能是真實(shí)的
We may go climbing this summer. ①
You may be right. ②
could / might 可用來表示：?、僬f話時(shí)某事可能是真實(shí)的；②將來
某事有可能發(fā)生，但不表示特別可能發(fā)生。
You could be right, but I don’t think you are. ?、佟?BR> It could rain later on this evening. ?、?BR> 4、can,? could,? may 和might表示“允許”
①請(qǐng)求允許：它們都可以表示請(qǐng)求允許做某事,could 和 might并不是表示過去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
②允許：當(dāng)我們?cè)试S某人做某事時(shí)，我們用can和may來表達(dá)，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒絕”的意思）
---Could I use your phone?? ?
---Yes, of course you can /may.? (No, you can’t / may not.)
??????? 5、can和could表示提議和請(qǐng)求
它們常用來提議為某人做某事或請(qǐng)求別人做某事，could更客氣，更
含尊敬的成分，這種用法常見于陳述句和疑問句中
①提議：
Can? I carry your bag ?
I could / can do the shopping for you, if you’re tired.
②請(qǐng)求和命令：
Could / Can you help me with this letter?
You can / could start by cleaning the car.
6、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will
①預(yù)測(cè)未來（第一人稱用shall)，或發(fā)布命令
---There’s someone coming up the stairs.
---That’ll be Mary.
You’ll start work at six o’clock.
②自愿與意向
I will (不用 I shall) 表示自愿做某事，或主動(dòng)提出做某事，或表達(dá)堅(jiān)定的意圖
---Can somebody help me ?
--- I will.
I’ll break your neck.
will you常用來提出要求或下命令，或提出請(qǐng)求
Will? you come this way, please?
Will you have some more wine ?
用won’t表示拒絕
No, I won’t !
She won’t open the door.
7、shall
用于第一人稱，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(說話人做某事)。
用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。
用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。
8、常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答
①---Must we hand in our plan ?
---Yes, you must.????? (No, you needn’t.)
②---Need I come ?
---Yes, you must.????? (No, you needn’t.)
③---May I smoke here ?
---Yes, please.??? (Certainly. / Yes, you may. )
(No, you mustn’t. / may not. / Please don’t.)
④---Could / Can I offer you some coffee ??? (提議)
(---Will / Would you have some coffee ?)
---Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like some ,please. (不用Yes, you can.)
(No, thank you.)?? (不用No, you can’t.)
⑤---Could / Can / Would / Will? you (please) open the door ?(請(qǐng)求)
---Yes, of course (I will).? (No, I’m afraid I can’t.)
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