人生終有許多選擇。每一步都要慎重。但是一次選擇不能決定一切。不要猶豫，作出選擇就不要后悔。只要我們能不屈不撓地奮斗，勝利就在前方。以下是為大家精心整理的內(nèi)容，歡迎大家閱讀。
1.2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解習(xí)題
How Long Could You Go Without Complaining
Baseball fans are gearing up for the World Series, but we all know what's the real national pastime: complaining. Could you go without griping about anything for a day? For a week?
A couple of editors at Slate's Double X women's site are trying to go a whole month without complaining. Both Jessica Grose, managing editor, and Hanna Rosin, founding editor, say on the site that they've grown concerned about over-relying on complaints in getting through their juggles Ms. Grose is newly engaged, Ms. Rosin married with three young children. Over the course of their efforts, the two realize how much of their interactions with friends and colleagues are based on the common currency of complaining.
Ms. Grose recounts a recent pleasant drive during which she realized she was enjoying a good moment in her life and had nothing to complain about which led to "a twinge of panic" at the very fact of having nothing to complain about. "This shining moment of whine-free living made me realize how much kvetching I do on a daily basis. If I am honest with myself, I would estimate that about 70% of the things that come out of my mouth are gripes. Good-natured，often, but still nonessential and sometimes obnoxious to others."
So Ms. Grose decides to "try to stop complaining entirely about small things and quit excessively complaining about the bigger ones," for a month. She enlists her boss, Ms. Rosin, in the effort to reach a state of more "mindful complaining," as Ms. Rosin terms it.
Ms. Rosin relates her own tale of addiction to complaints: After she griped about keeping up with her children's complex schedule of after-school activities, her husband made up a weekly schedule and posted it on the fridge. "I nearly killed rum. Honestly, it was our most dramatic marital fight to date. Why was I angry with him? It took me a few days to figure it out. Because by helping to solve the problem, he had robbed me of my God-given right to complain."
I certainly join Ms. Grose and Ms. Rosin in spending a fair amount of time complaining, especially at work. As we've written about before, at some workplaces, people end up spending more time kvetching about work than actually working. Most of our gripes there these days center on our new publishing system, which remains a bit buggy after five months of use. But there's some modest enjoyment in commiserating about an experience we're all going through together, and for the most part I'm fortunate not to have truly awful work woes to complain about, my co-workers are talented and conscientious，and the section we produce is something we can be proud of.
I have few serious complaints at home, either. We have the usual little squalls, but my wife and I often remark how much we enjoy our children, our friends and each other. I try to look on the bright said most of the time, so I feel like whatever complaining I do isn't a debilitating problem in need of aggressive correction.
How about for you? What are the sources of your biggest complaints? Do you think you complain too much at home or at work, and could you see making a concerted effort over some period of time to cut back? Do you think you could go on a complaint fast?
你能做到不抱怨嗎
棒球迷們正在翹首以待即將到來的世界職業(yè)棒球大賽，但我們大家都清楚美國真正的全國性休閑方式是什么:發(fā)牢騷。你能不能一整天都不發(fā)一句牢騷?整整一周呢?
女性網(wǎng)站Slate's Double X的幾個編輯正在嘗試整整一個月都不抱怨。主編杰西卡·格羅斯和創(chuàng)始人兼編輯漢娜·羅森在網(wǎng)站上說，她們越來越擔(dān)心自己需要過度依賴訴苦的發(fā)泄方式才能渡過難關(guān)。杰西卡最近剛剛訂婚，漢娜則是有三個小孩的已婚媽媽。在體味人生酸甜苦辣的過程中，她們倆都意識到，自己與朋友同事之間的很多溝通都是以發(fā)牢騷為主的。
杰西卡回憶起最近一次愉快的駕車旅途，她發(fā)現(xiàn)那是自己人生中一段美好的時光，根本沒什么可抱怨的——于這一事實，她居然感覺到"一陣恐慌"。她說：“這種無可抱怨的美好時光讓我意識到，自己平時的生活都是在牢騷滿腹中度過的。憑心而論，我估計自己嘴里說出來的話有70%左右都是在發(fā)牢騷。這種抱怨往往沒有惡意，但還是屬于可有可無，有時還會讓別人感到厭煩?！?BR> 因此，杰西卡決定在一個月內(nèi)，“試著完全停止對瑣事的抱怨，并對更重要一些的事情也盡量不去大發(fā)牢騷。”她把自己的老板漢娜也拉進來，以漢娜的話來說，這是為了“互相監(jiān)督”。
漢娜也談到自己發(fā)牢騷上癮的故事：她抱怨自己很難跟得上幾個孩子錯綜復(fù)雜的校外興趣活動安排，于是她丈夫做了一張每周活動日程表，貼在冰箱門上。“為這事兒，我差點宰了他。說實話，這是我們結(jié)婚來吵得最兇的一次?？晌覟槭裁催@么生氣?過好幾天后我才想明白：因為他幫我解決了問題，但同時也剝奪了我天經(jīng)地義的發(fā)牢騷的權(quán)利?！?BR> 和杰西卡與漢娜一樣，我也經(jīng)常發(fā)牢騷，特別是上班的時候。我以前也在文章里寫到過，在有些辦公場所，人們抱怨工作的時間比真正工作的時間還要多。最近，我們對工作的抱怨大多數(shù)都集中在新開發(fā)的編輯系統(tǒng)上，因為經(jīng)過五個月的使用后，系統(tǒng)似乎還有些小問題。不過，在對一種共同經(jīng)歷發(fā)牢騷時，確實有一種隱約的快感;而我算是幸運的，因為基本上沒有真正意義上的工作難題需要抱怨一我的同事們既有才華、人又好，我們共同開發(fā)出來的內(nèi)容板塊也令大家感到自豪。
我在家也很少真正抱怨什么。我和妻子有時也拌幾句嘴，但經(jīng)常的話題是談孩子和朋友們的趣事，以及對彼此的喜愛。大多數(shù)時候，我都試著樂觀處事，因此并不覺得自己偶爾發(fā)牢騷是一個急需改正的壞毛病。
你的情況如何?抱怨最多的事情是什么?你覺得自己在家或上班時抱怨過多嗎?能不能在一段時間內(nèi)有意識地控制自己少發(fā)牢騷?能不能把少發(fā)牢騷這個“封口令”進行到底?
2.2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解習(xí)題
Women Underestimate Their Performance on the Job
What do your co-workers think of your performance on the job?
If you're a woman, you're three times more likely than a man to answer that question wrong.
Women handicap themselves on the job by chronically underrating their standing with bosses and co-workers, says a new study slated for presentation next month to the Academy of Management's annual meeting. When asked to predict how they were rated by managers, direct and peers, women were significantly poorer at predicting others' ratings than men，says the study of 251 managers by Taylor of the University of New Mexico.
A lack of self-confidence isn't the problem. The women surveyed thought highly of themselves compared with men in the study. But the female simply believed others regarded them as far less competent than they actually did, on a wide range of social and emotional skills related to leadership, according to the study. The ratings encompassed a wide range of attributes, from communication and conflict management to trustworthiness and teamwork.
Overall, averaging all the ratings, the gap between prediction and reality was three times greater for women than for men."women are so accustomed to decades of being ‘disappeared’ or ignored, and to hearing histories of women whose contributions went unnoticed，that they assume these conditions exist to the same extent today," Dr. Taylor says.
A few companies, of course, have fair, transparent, performance-based compensation systems that eliminate gender inequities.
But at most employers，expecting to be devalued can exact a big toll. A friend of mine says she underestimated her standing at work for years and paid a high price in her paycheck. She started at a low-paid entry-level job at her company and advanced quickly up the ladder.But she didn't ask for a raise for several year, only to find out later that she was making 50% less than peers with similar or less experience.
"It came as a shock when I discovered how underpaid I was," she says. "I really shot myself in the foot by not being a self-promoter." The lesson: If your employer lacks a systematic comp policy, "you really have to self-promote and lobby for yourself if you care about your career or salary advancement," my friend says.
My male peers have pointed out my own blind spots in this regard. Years ago, when I first learned how much a female executive at my company was paid, I marveled, "Wow，that's a lot." The male colleague who told me roared with laughter. "You think that's a lot?" he asked me he asked me incredulously."That's half what men at her level make."
Readers, do you have trouble promoting yourselves? Do you see women around you undervaluing their contributions? Does your workplace have transparent, performance-based advancement or compensation systems that help eliminate gender inequities? Or do workers of both genders have to do a lot of self-promotion to get ahead?
女性低估自身工作表現(xiàn)
你的同事認(rèn)為你的工作表現(xiàn)如何?
如果你是女性，那你答錯這個問題的機率是男性的3倍。
將在管理學(xué)會(Academy of Management)下個月舉行的年會上提交的一項新研究表明，女性習(xí)慣性地低估自己在老板和同事心目中的地位，從而阻礙了自己的事業(yè)發(fā)展。新墨西哥大學(xué)的泰勒對251名管理人員進行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)被要求預(yù)測上司、直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和同事給自己的評分時，女性預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確度遠遠不如男性。
問題不在于缺乏自信。受調(diào)查者中，女性比男性對自己評價更高。但研究顯示，她們就是覺得自己與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力相關(guān)的眾多社會和情感技能被別人極大地低估了。評分包括交流溝通、處理沖突、可信度和團隊合作等多方面的特質(zhì)。
總體上看，將所有評分平均下來，女性的預(yù)測和現(xiàn)實之間的差距是男性的3倍。泰勒說，女性幾十年來習(xí)慣了被忽視，總是聽到有關(guān)女性的成績被忽略的陳年舊事，因此她們以為這些情況現(xiàn)在依然如故。
當(dāng)然，一些公司擁有公正、透明、基于工作表現(xiàn)的獎勵系統(tǒng)，消除了性別歧視。
但在大多數(shù)公司里，低估自己可能會付出很高的代價。我的一位朋友說，她多年來一直低估自己在工作中的地位，為此在薪資方面損失慘重。她在公司從低薪的人門級職位干起，升職很快。但她幾年都沒有要求加薪，最后才發(fā)現(xiàn)資歷跟她相同或哺乳她的同事都掙得比她多一半。
她說，當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的薪水有多低時，簡直太吃驚了，我自己不去要求，這真是自作自受。我朋友說，這件事的教訓(xùn)是：如果你的雇主沒有系統(tǒng)的薪酬制度，那你要是關(guān)心自己的事業(yè)或薪水長進，就得自力更生，替自己說話。
我的一些男同事曾經(jīng)指出我在這方面的盲點。多年前我首次得知公司里的女性管理人員的薪水時，我驚嘆道，哇，真是太高了。告訴我這件事的男同事大笑起來。他懷疑地問，你真覺得很多嗎?這只是她那個級別的男主管薪水的一半。
讀者們，你在推銷自己這方面遇到過問題嗎?你周圍的女性有沒有低估自己的成就?你所在的公司是否有可幫助消除性別歧視的透明的、基于工作表現(xiàn)的晉升或薪資體系?抑或無論男女，員工都必須進行大量的自我推銷才能成功?
3.2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解習(xí)題
In order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated,the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city's time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city's country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues, and corporate sponsorships,tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support.
Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.During voting, the city ______ will win host of Olympics.
A. getting most votes in the first vote
B. getting more than half votes
C. being supported by a major city
D. going around successfully
2.In selecting the host city, the IOC will consider several factors EXCEPT________ .
A. the time zone of the host city
B. the existing facilities of the host city
C. whether the area has hosted the Games
D. whether profit could be made by the host city
3.According to the passage, one of the reasons for Tokyo to be the host of Olympics in 1964 may be _______.
A. it’s a major city of Japan
B. it's a famous city
C. it s a city in Asia
D. it's nice and cool in summer
4.Every Olympic Games is financed by ________.
A.the local government and the financial organizations
B.the local government and the organizing committee
C.the IOC and the National Olympic Committee
D.the local companies and the local media
5.The word "proceeds" in the last sentence most probably means "__________" .
A. sponsorship
B. reputation
C. financial support
D. financial profit
1.2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解習(xí)題
How Long Could You Go Without Complaining
Baseball fans are gearing up for the World Series, but we all know what's the real national pastime: complaining. Could you go without griping about anything for a day? For a week?
A couple of editors at Slate's Double X women's site are trying to go a whole month without complaining. Both Jessica Grose, managing editor, and Hanna Rosin, founding editor, say on the site that they've grown concerned about over-relying on complaints in getting through their juggles Ms. Grose is newly engaged, Ms. Rosin married with three young children. Over the course of their efforts, the two realize how much of their interactions with friends and colleagues are based on the common currency of complaining.
Ms. Grose recounts a recent pleasant drive during which she realized she was enjoying a good moment in her life and had nothing to complain about which led to "a twinge of panic" at the very fact of having nothing to complain about. "This shining moment of whine-free living made me realize how much kvetching I do on a daily basis. If I am honest with myself, I would estimate that about 70% of the things that come out of my mouth are gripes. Good-natured，often, but still nonessential and sometimes obnoxious to others."
So Ms. Grose decides to "try to stop complaining entirely about small things and quit excessively complaining about the bigger ones," for a month. She enlists her boss, Ms. Rosin, in the effort to reach a state of more "mindful complaining," as Ms. Rosin terms it.
Ms. Rosin relates her own tale of addiction to complaints: After she griped about keeping up with her children's complex schedule of after-school activities, her husband made up a weekly schedule and posted it on the fridge. "I nearly killed rum. Honestly, it was our most dramatic marital fight to date. Why was I angry with him? It took me a few days to figure it out. Because by helping to solve the problem, he had robbed me of my God-given right to complain."
I certainly join Ms. Grose and Ms. Rosin in spending a fair amount of time complaining, especially at work. As we've written about before, at some workplaces, people end up spending more time kvetching about work than actually working. Most of our gripes there these days center on our new publishing system, which remains a bit buggy after five months of use. But there's some modest enjoyment in commiserating about an experience we're all going through together, and for the most part I'm fortunate not to have truly awful work woes to complain about, my co-workers are talented and conscientious，and the section we produce is something we can be proud of.
I have few serious complaints at home, either. We have the usual little squalls, but my wife and I often remark how much we enjoy our children, our friends and each other. I try to look on the bright said most of the time, so I feel like whatever complaining I do isn't a debilitating problem in need of aggressive correction.
How about for you? What are the sources of your biggest complaints? Do you think you complain too much at home or at work, and could you see making a concerted effort over some period of time to cut back? Do you think you could go on a complaint fast?
你能做到不抱怨嗎
棒球迷們正在翹首以待即將到來的世界職業(yè)棒球大賽，但我們大家都清楚美國真正的全國性休閑方式是什么:發(fā)牢騷。你能不能一整天都不發(fā)一句牢騷?整整一周呢?
女性網(wǎng)站Slate's Double X的幾個編輯正在嘗試整整一個月都不抱怨。主編杰西卡·格羅斯和創(chuàng)始人兼編輯漢娜·羅森在網(wǎng)站上說，她們越來越擔(dān)心自己需要過度依賴訴苦的發(fā)泄方式才能渡過難關(guān)。杰西卡最近剛剛訂婚，漢娜則是有三個小孩的已婚媽媽。在體味人生酸甜苦辣的過程中，她們倆都意識到，自己與朋友同事之間的很多溝通都是以發(fā)牢騷為主的。
杰西卡回憶起最近一次愉快的駕車旅途，她發(fā)現(xiàn)那是自己人生中一段美好的時光，根本沒什么可抱怨的——于這一事實，她居然感覺到"一陣恐慌"。她說：“這種無可抱怨的美好時光讓我意識到，自己平時的生活都是在牢騷滿腹中度過的。憑心而論，我估計自己嘴里說出來的話有70%左右都是在發(fā)牢騷。這種抱怨往往沒有惡意，但還是屬于可有可無，有時還會讓別人感到厭煩?！?BR> 因此，杰西卡決定在一個月內(nèi)，“試著完全停止對瑣事的抱怨，并對更重要一些的事情也盡量不去大發(fā)牢騷。”她把自己的老板漢娜也拉進來，以漢娜的話來說，這是為了“互相監(jiān)督”。
漢娜也談到自己發(fā)牢騷上癮的故事：她抱怨自己很難跟得上幾個孩子錯綜復(fù)雜的校外興趣活動安排，于是她丈夫做了一張每周活動日程表，貼在冰箱門上。“為這事兒，我差點宰了他。說實話，這是我們結(jié)婚來吵得最兇的一次?？晌覟槭裁催@么生氣?過好幾天后我才想明白：因為他幫我解決了問題，但同時也剝奪了我天經(jīng)地義的發(fā)牢騷的權(quán)利?！?BR> 和杰西卡與漢娜一樣，我也經(jīng)常發(fā)牢騷，特別是上班的時候。我以前也在文章里寫到過，在有些辦公場所，人們抱怨工作的時間比真正工作的時間還要多。最近，我們對工作的抱怨大多數(shù)都集中在新開發(fā)的編輯系統(tǒng)上，因為經(jīng)過五個月的使用后，系統(tǒng)似乎還有些小問題。不過，在對一種共同經(jīng)歷發(fā)牢騷時，確實有一種隱約的快感;而我算是幸運的，因為基本上沒有真正意義上的工作難題需要抱怨一我的同事們既有才華、人又好，我們共同開發(fā)出來的內(nèi)容板塊也令大家感到自豪。
我在家也很少真正抱怨什么。我和妻子有時也拌幾句嘴，但經(jīng)常的話題是談孩子和朋友們的趣事，以及對彼此的喜愛。大多數(shù)時候，我都試著樂觀處事，因此并不覺得自己偶爾發(fā)牢騷是一個急需改正的壞毛病。
你的情況如何?抱怨最多的事情是什么?你覺得自己在家或上班時抱怨過多嗎?能不能在一段時間內(nèi)有意識地控制自己少發(fā)牢騷?能不能把少發(fā)牢騷這個“封口令”進行到底?
2.2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解習(xí)題
Women Underestimate Their Performance on the Job
What do your co-workers think of your performance on the job?
If you're a woman, you're three times more likely than a man to answer that question wrong.
Women handicap themselves on the job by chronically underrating their standing with bosses and co-workers, says a new study slated for presentation next month to the Academy of Management's annual meeting. When asked to predict how they were rated by managers, direct and peers, women were significantly poorer at predicting others' ratings than men，says the study of 251 managers by Taylor of the University of New Mexico.
A lack of self-confidence isn't the problem. The women surveyed thought highly of themselves compared with men in the study. But the female simply believed others regarded them as far less competent than they actually did, on a wide range of social and emotional skills related to leadership, according to the study. The ratings encompassed a wide range of attributes, from communication and conflict management to trustworthiness and teamwork.
Overall, averaging all the ratings, the gap between prediction and reality was three times greater for women than for men."women are so accustomed to decades of being ‘disappeared’ or ignored, and to hearing histories of women whose contributions went unnoticed，that they assume these conditions exist to the same extent today," Dr. Taylor says.
A few companies, of course, have fair, transparent, performance-based compensation systems that eliminate gender inequities.
But at most employers，expecting to be devalued can exact a big toll. A friend of mine says she underestimated her standing at work for years and paid a high price in her paycheck. She started at a low-paid entry-level job at her company and advanced quickly up the ladder.But she didn't ask for a raise for several year, only to find out later that she was making 50% less than peers with similar or less experience.
"It came as a shock when I discovered how underpaid I was," she says. "I really shot myself in the foot by not being a self-promoter." The lesson: If your employer lacks a systematic comp policy, "you really have to self-promote and lobby for yourself if you care about your career or salary advancement," my friend says.
My male peers have pointed out my own blind spots in this regard. Years ago, when I first learned how much a female executive at my company was paid, I marveled, "Wow，that's a lot." The male colleague who told me roared with laughter. "You think that's a lot?" he asked me he asked me incredulously."That's half what men at her level make."
Readers, do you have trouble promoting yourselves? Do you see women around you undervaluing their contributions? Does your workplace have transparent, performance-based advancement or compensation systems that help eliminate gender inequities? Or do workers of both genders have to do a lot of self-promotion to get ahead?
女性低估自身工作表現(xiàn)
你的同事認(rèn)為你的工作表現(xiàn)如何?
如果你是女性，那你答錯這個問題的機率是男性的3倍。
將在管理學(xué)會(Academy of Management)下個月舉行的年會上提交的一項新研究表明，女性習(xí)慣性地低估自己在老板和同事心目中的地位，從而阻礙了自己的事業(yè)發(fā)展。新墨西哥大學(xué)的泰勒對251名管理人員進行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)被要求預(yù)測上司、直接領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和同事給自己的評分時，女性預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確度遠遠不如男性。
問題不在于缺乏自信。受調(diào)查者中，女性比男性對自己評價更高。但研究顯示，她們就是覺得自己與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力相關(guān)的眾多社會和情感技能被別人極大地低估了。評分包括交流溝通、處理沖突、可信度和團隊合作等多方面的特質(zhì)。
總體上看，將所有評分平均下來，女性的預(yù)測和現(xiàn)實之間的差距是男性的3倍。泰勒說，女性幾十年來習(xí)慣了被忽視，總是聽到有關(guān)女性的成績被忽略的陳年舊事，因此她們以為這些情況現(xiàn)在依然如故。
當(dāng)然，一些公司擁有公正、透明、基于工作表現(xiàn)的獎勵系統(tǒng)，消除了性別歧視。
但在大多數(shù)公司里，低估自己可能會付出很高的代價。我的一位朋友說，她多年來一直低估自己在工作中的地位，為此在薪資方面損失慘重。她在公司從低薪的人門級職位干起，升職很快。但她幾年都沒有要求加薪，最后才發(fā)現(xiàn)資歷跟她相同或哺乳她的同事都掙得比她多一半。
她說，當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的薪水有多低時，簡直太吃驚了，我自己不去要求，這真是自作自受。我朋友說，這件事的教訓(xùn)是：如果你的雇主沒有系統(tǒng)的薪酬制度，那你要是關(guān)心自己的事業(yè)或薪水長進，就得自力更生，替自己說話。
我的一些男同事曾經(jīng)指出我在這方面的盲點。多年前我首次得知公司里的女性管理人員的薪水時，我驚嘆道，哇，真是太高了。告訴我這件事的男同事大笑起來。他懷疑地問，你真覺得很多嗎?這只是她那個級別的男主管薪水的一半。
讀者們，你在推銷自己這方面遇到過問題嗎?你周圍的女性有沒有低估自己的成就?你所在的公司是否有可幫助消除性別歧視的透明的、基于工作表現(xiàn)的晉升或薪資體系?抑或無論男女，員工都必須進行大量的自我推銷才能成功?
3.2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解習(xí)題
In order to host the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated,the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city's time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city's country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues, and corporate sponsorships,tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support.
Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.During voting, the city ______ will win host of Olympics.
A. getting most votes in the first vote
B. getting more than half votes
C. being supported by a major city
D. going around successfully
2.In selecting the host city, the IOC will consider several factors EXCEPT________ .
A. the time zone of the host city
B. the existing facilities of the host city
C. whether the area has hosted the Games
D. whether profit could be made by the host city
3.According to the passage, one of the reasons for Tokyo to be the host of Olympics in 1964 may be _______.
A. it’s a major city of Japan
B. it's a famous city
C. it s a city in Asia
D. it's nice and cool in summer
4.Every Olympic Games is financed by ________.
A.the local government and the financial organizations
B.the local government and the organizing committee
C.the IOC and the National Olympic Committee
D.the local companies and the local media
5.The word "proceeds" in the last sentence most probably means "__________" .
A. sponsorship
B. reputation
C. financial support
D. financial profit