可以開(kāi)始進(jìn)行2020年考試備考啦，迎戰(zhàn)考試，奮斗是我們此刻的選擇，相信所有的努力都會(huì)被歲月溫柔以待！以下為“2020年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)整理”，歡迎閱讀參考！更多相關(guān)訊息請(qǐng)關(guān)注！
【篇一】2020年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)整理
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)以及將來(lái)完成時(shí)之間的區(qū)別
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
① 構(gòu)成：have / has +過(guò)去分詞
② 語(yǔ)法意義及要點(diǎn)：
A. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去開(kāi)始的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time等。
--He has worked as a teacher for many years.
--Up till now, nothing has gone wrong.
B. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或事件。常與不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yet, just, before, recently等;也同表示頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如often, ever, never, sometimes, several times等;還可同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如now, today, this morning等。但不能同特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(last year , in 1997等)。
--I have never learned Japanese before.
--We have been quite busy lately (recently).
C. 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)的意義時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。
--We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
--I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.
Note: 行為不能持續(xù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞(Instantaneous Verb), 如arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join等通常不能用于這一語(yǔ)法意義，即該類動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
--He has joined the army for five years. (誤)
--He has been in the army for five years. (正)
2) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
① 構(gòu)成：had +過(guò)去分詞
② 語(yǔ)法意義及要點(diǎn)：
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前并持續(xù)到該時(shí)刻。
--David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
--They had got everything ready before the party began.
Note: 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)截然不同的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以與表示具體過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
--He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.
3) 將來(lái)完成時(shí)：
① 構(gòu)成：shall / will + have +過(guò)去分詞
② 語(yǔ)法意義及要點(diǎn)：
將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或?qū)?lái)某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或發(fā)生。
--He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday.
--The shop will have closed already before you get there.
2. 哪些動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)
1) 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如be, seem, appear, become, get等。
He is being a used-car dealer.(誤)
He is a used-car dealer.(正)
She is seeming always about to smile.(誤)
She seems always about to smile.(正)
2) 表示感官感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如see(看見(jiàn)), hear(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)),feel(感覺(jué)出), taste(嘗出),smell(聞到)等。
The medicine is tasting bitter. (誤)
The medicine tastes bitter. (正)
I was seeing a car passing by our house. (誤)
I saw a car passing by our house. (正)
3) 表示擁有的動(dòng)詞，如have, own, possess, belong, contain, hold等。
He is owning a luxurious car. (誤)
He owns a luxurious car. (正)
The book is belonging to her. (誤)
The book belongs to her.(正)
4) 表示思想狀況、態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞，如believe, think, know, understand, agree, approve, consider, expect, forget, guess, hesitate, hope, imagine, mean, realize, remember, suppose, trust, want, wish等。
I’m thinking that he is right. (誤)
I think that he is right. (正)
I’m understanding your feelings. (誤)
I understand your feelings. (正)
5) 表示情感、愿望的動(dòng)詞，如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。
He is loving his daughter very much. (誤)
He loves his daughter very much. (正)
I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (誤)
I regret to say we cannot come. (正)
3. 時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)又稱時(shí)態(tài)一致(Sequence of Tenses)，指的是某些從句里的動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句里的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
如果主句里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí))，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也相應(yīng)地要用過(guò)去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)主要發(fā)生在間接引語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句中，但其他從句有時(shí)也存在時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題。
--He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí))
--He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
--He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(將來(lái)完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí))
雖然主句用了過(guò)去時(shí)等，如果從句表示的是科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)或某人(物)的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)可以不必遵守時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的規(guī)則而仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
--Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.
--The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.
如果從句中有一個(gè)表示絕對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，就不必把一般過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。
--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.
【篇二】2020年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)整理
1.指人的關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, that 的用法：
(1)作主語(yǔ)(who, that )
Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch. 那些參加比賽的人午飯后1：30在大門口集合。
在本句中，先行詞是those;關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞are going to play 的主語(yǔ)。
The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 正在和王先生說(shuō)話的那個(gè)人是一個(gè)有名的醫(yī)生。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞is talking的主語(yǔ)。
這個(gè)復(fù)合句可以還原成兩個(gè)句子：The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
(2)作賓語(yǔ)包括作介詞賓語(yǔ)(whom, that )。此種情況下的關(guān)系代詞可以省略;
This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.這正是我要的做這份工作的人。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關(guān)系代詞whom/that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞want 的賓語(yǔ)。
(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用that，也不能省略，
如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
我從中得到許多有用信息的那本書(shū)是一位科學(xué)家寫(xiě)的。
但是當(dāng)介詞放在從句末尾時(shí)，作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以用that 并且可以省略。
如上頭兩句可改為：
The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.
2.指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that的用法：
(1)作主語(yǔ)
This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer. 這是那本教你如何操作計(jì)算機(jī)的說(shuō)明手冊(cè)。
(2)作賓語(yǔ)包括作介詞賓館。此種情況下的關(guān)系代詞可以省略：
The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現(xiàn)在正在修理。
The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.
我一直非常注意的公司賬目，是保持平衡的。
3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物，作定語(yǔ)。of which 可用whose 代替; The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s.
那輛所有的燈都破了的汽車是我父親的。
That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 這就是那本封皮破了的書(shū)。
4.關(guān)系代詞的格應(yīng)與它在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞忠恢?。特別要注意插入語(yǔ)，
如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那個(gè)人人都認(rèn)為不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入語(yǔ)) At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在選舉的時(shí)候我投了我認(rèn)為最合適的那個(gè)人的票。
5.關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞必須和先行詞的人稱和數(shù)一致： 例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。 這就是用英文寫(xiě)成的使用說(shuō)明。
6.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句不用that，只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物; 例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。 她的兄弟們兩個(gè)人都在美國(guó)工作每個(gè)星期都給她打電話。
7.關(guān)系副詞(=介詞+關(guān)系代詞)： 關(guān)系副詞 先行詞 在從句中的作用 說(shuō)明 when(=at / on / in /during which),非正式文體中，有時(shí)用that代替關(guān)系副詞
where(=in / at which) 地點(diǎn)名詞 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
why=(for which) 只有reason 原因狀語(yǔ)
例：I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met. 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記我們第一次見(jiàn)面的那一天。
【篇三】2020年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)整理
1. 某些動(dòng)詞后要接不定式
某些及物動(dòng)詞后只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，其中最常用的動(dòng)詞有agree, afford, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, regret, remember, seek, tend, try, volunteer, want, wish等。
What do you plan to do tomorrow?
She hated to move from such a nice village.
In class teachers should try to get feedback from their students
2. 不定式的被動(dòng)式
不定式有被動(dòng)式，當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式要用被動(dòng)式，在句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)等。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
The last question to be discussed today is how to do the job more efficiently.
She preferred to be given more difficult work to do.
3. 不定式的完成式
當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，不定式要用完成式，在句中可作賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)以及構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。
She seemed to have heard about the news already.
He was believed to have been a very rich man.
4. 不定式的完成被動(dòng)式
當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，且不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，不定式要用完成被動(dòng)式，在句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。
The forest fire is reported to have been put out last night.
It is supposed to have been finished without referring to any reference books.
5. 帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)
不定式可以有邏輯主語(yǔ)，其構(gòu)成形式為“for +代詞的賓格(或名詞) +不定式”。 帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)可在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。
It is not easy for you to catch up with them in a short time.
I think it better for you to see the doctor.
What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.
I sent him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.
6. 帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)
不定式前可以加某些疑問(wèn)代詞，如who、what、which,或疑問(wèn)副詞，如when、where、how、why等，構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)，可在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。
How to improve English is often discussed among the students.
We haven’t decided when to visit the place.
The most difficult thing in learning English is how to speak the language well.
You haven’t answered my question where to get these books.
7. 某些動(dòng)詞后的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式不帶to，這些動(dòng)詞是feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, see, watch等。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere in the room become tense.
I often hear them sing this song.
【篇一】2020年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)整理
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)以及將來(lái)完成時(shí)之間的區(qū)別
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
① 構(gòu)成：have / has +過(guò)去分詞
② 語(yǔ)法意義及要點(diǎn)：
A. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去開(kāi)始的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如so far, up to now, since, for a long time等。
--He has worked as a teacher for many years.
--Up till now, nothing has gone wrong.
B. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或事件。常與不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yet, just, before, recently等;也同表示頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如often, ever, never, sometimes, several times等;還可同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如now, today, this morning等。但不能同特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(last year , in 1997等)。
--I have never learned Japanese before.
--We have been quite busy lately (recently).
C. 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)的意義時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。
--We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then.
--I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.
Note: 行為不能持續(xù)的瞬間動(dòng)詞(Instantaneous Verb), 如arrive, begin, come, go, start, leave, die, join等通常不能用于這一語(yǔ)法意義，即該類動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
--He has joined the army for five years. (誤)
--He has been in the army for five years. (正)
2) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
① 構(gòu)成：had +過(guò)去分詞
② 語(yǔ)法意義及要點(diǎn)：
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前并持續(xù)到該時(shí)刻。
--David and Jenny had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
--They had got everything ready before the party began.
Note: 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)截然不同的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以與表示具體過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
--He said that he had seen her the day before yesterday.
3) 將來(lái)完成時(shí)：
① 構(gòu)成：shall / will + have +過(guò)去分詞
② 語(yǔ)法意義及要點(diǎn)：
將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或?qū)?lái)某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或發(fā)生。
--He will have graduated from high school before his next birthday.
--The shop will have closed already before you get there.
2. 哪些動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)
1) 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如be, seem, appear, become, get等。
He is being a used-car dealer.(誤)
He is a used-car dealer.(正)
She is seeming always about to smile.(誤)
She seems always about to smile.(正)
2) 表示感官感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如see(看見(jiàn)), hear(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)),feel(感覺(jué)出), taste(嘗出),smell(聞到)等。
The medicine is tasting bitter. (誤)
The medicine tastes bitter. (正)
I was seeing a car passing by our house. (誤)
I saw a car passing by our house. (正)
3) 表示擁有的動(dòng)詞，如have, own, possess, belong, contain, hold等。
He is owning a luxurious car. (誤)
He owns a luxurious car. (正)
The book is belonging to her. (誤)
The book belongs to her.(正)
4) 表示思想狀況、態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞，如believe, think, know, understand, agree, approve, consider, expect, forget, guess, hesitate, hope, imagine, mean, realize, remember, suppose, trust, want, wish等。
I’m thinking that he is right. (誤)
I think that he is right. (正)
I’m understanding your feelings. (誤)
I understand your feelings. (正)
5) 表示情感、愿望的動(dòng)詞，如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。
He is loving his daughter very much. (誤)
He loves his daughter very much. (正)
I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (誤)
I regret to say we cannot come. (正)
3. 時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)又稱時(shí)態(tài)一致(Sequence of Tenses)，指的是某些從句里的動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句里的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
如果主句里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí))，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也相應(yīng)地要用過(guò)去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)主要發(fā)生在間接引語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句中，但其他從句有時(shí)也存在時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題。
--He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí))
--He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
--He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(將來(lái)完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí))
雖然主句用了過(guò)去時(shí)等，如果從句表示的是科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)或某人(物)的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)可以不必遵守時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的規(guī)則而仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
--Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.
--The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.
如果從句中有一個(gè)表示絕對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，就不必把一般過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。
--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.
【篇二】2020年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)整理
1.指人的關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, that 的用法：
(1)作主語(yǔ)(who, that )
Those who are going to play in the match are to meet at the gate at 1:30 after lunch. 那些參加比賽的人午飯后1：30在大門口集合。
在本句中，先行詞是those;關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞are going to play 的主語(yǔ)。
The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wang is a famous doctor. 正在和王先生說(shuō)話的那個(gè)人是一個(gè)有名的醫(yī)生。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞is talking的主語(yǔ)。
這個(gè)復(fù)合句可以還原成兩個(gè)句子：The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
(2)作賓語(yǔ)包括作介詞賓語(yǔ)(whom, that )。此種情況下的關(guān)系代詞可以省略;
This is just the man(whom/that) I want for the job.這正是我要的做這份工作的人。
在本句中，先行詞是the man;關(guān)系代詞whom/that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞want 的賓語(yǔ)。
(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用that，也不能省略，
如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.
我從中得到許多有用信息的那本書(shū)是一位科學(xué)家寫(xiě)的。
但是當(dāng)介詞放在從句末尾時(shí)，作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以用that 并且可以省略。
如上頭兩句可改為：
The book (that /which) I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist.
2.指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that的用法：
(1)作主語(yǔ)
This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the computer. 這是那本教你如何操作計(jì)算機(jī)的說(shuō)明手冊(cè)。
(2)作賓語(yǔ)包括作介詞賓館。此種情況下的關(guān)系代詞可以省略：
The chair (which /that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現(xiàn)在正在修理。
The accounts of the company, (which/that) I’ve been paying great attention to, are in balance.
我一直非常注意的公司賬目，是保持平衡的。
3.whose 和of which 指代人或事物，作定語(yǔ)。of which 可用whose 代替; The car whose lights (of which the lights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s.
那輛所有的燈都破了的汽車是我父親的。
That is the book whose cover (of which the cover/the cover of which ) was broken. 這就是那本封皮破了的書(shū)。
4.關(guān)系代詞的格應(yīng)與它在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞忠恢?。特別要注意插入語(yǔ)，
如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那個(gè)人人都認(rèn)為不能完成合同的人。(everybody believes 是插入語(yǔ)) At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable. 在選舉的時(shí)候我投了我認(rèn)為最合適的那個(gè)人的票。
5.關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞必須和先行詞的人稱和數(shù)一致： 例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。 這就是用英文寫(xiě)成的使用說(shuō)明。
6.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句不用that，只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物; 例：Her brothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。 她的兄弟們兩個(gè)人都在美國(guó)工作每個(gè)星期都給她打電話。
7.關(guān)系副詞(=介詞+關(guān)系代詞)： 關(guān)系副詞 先行詞 在從句中的作用 說(shuō)明 when(=at / on / in /during which),非正式文體中，有時(shí)用that代替關(guān)系副詞
where(=in / at which) 地點(diǎn)名詞 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
why=(for which) 只有reason 原因狀語(yǔ)
例：I shall never forget the day when (=on which) we first met. 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記我們第一次見(jiàn)面的那一天。
【篇三】2020年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)整理
1. 某些動(dòng)詞后要接不定式
某些及物動(dòng)詞后只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，其中最常用的動(dòng)詞有agree, afford, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, regret, remember, seek, tend, try, volunteer, want, wish等。
What do you plan to do tomorrow?
She hated to move from such a nice village.
In class teachers should try to get feedback from their students
2. 不定式的被動(dòng)式
不定式有被動(dòng)式，當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式要用被動(dòng)式，在句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)等。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
The last question to be discussed today is how to do the job more efficiently.
She preferred to be given more difficult work to do.
3. 不定式的完成式
當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，不定式要用完成式，在句中可作賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)以及構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。
She seemed to have heard about the news already.
He was believed to have been a very rich man.
4. 不定式的完成被動(dòng)式
當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，且不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，不定式要用完成被動(dòng)式，在句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。
The forest fire is reported to have been put out last night.
It is supposed to have been finished without referring to any reference books.
5. 帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)
不定式可以有邏輯主語(yǔ)，其構(gòu)成形式為“for +代詞的賓格(或名詞) +不定式”。 帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)可在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。
It is not easy for you to catch up with them in a short time.
I think it better for you to see the doctor.
What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.
I sent him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.
6. 帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)
不定式前可以加某些疑問(wèn)代詞，如who、what、which,或疑問(wèn)副詞，如when、where、how、why等，構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)，可在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。
How to improve English is often discussed among the students.
We haven’t decided when to visit the place.
The most difficult thing in learning English is how to speak the language well.
You haven’t answered my question where to get these books.
7. 某些動(dòng)詞后的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式不帶to，這些動(dòng)詞是feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, see, watch等。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere in the room become tense.
I often hear them sing this song.