英語學(xué)習(xí):動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化

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    1.動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化是指動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞不按一定的規(guī)則變化。
    2.動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化的具體變化規(guī)則如下。
    (1)現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞同形。如 read→read→read,
    put→put→put,hit→hit→hit,let→let→let,cost→cost→cost,spread→spread→spread.
    I have read this book twice before.
    這本書我已經(jīng)讀過兩遍了。
    The book hit me on the head.
    書打中了我的腦袋。
    I put the apple in the corner.
    我把蘋果放在墻角。
    (2)過去式、過去分詞同形。如 win→won→won,
    dig→dug→dug,find→found→found,feel→felt→felt,
    leave→left→left,meet→met→met,sit→sat→sat,
    stand→stood→stood,say→said→said,
    tell→told→told,make→made→made,
    hear→heard→heard,sell→sold→sold.
    I stood up and turned.
    我站起來,轉(zhuǎn)過身。
    It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.
    它覺察到自己被發(fā)現(xiàn)了,于是逃跑了。
    I sat quietly staring at the apple.
    我靜靜地坐在那里盯著蘋果。
    I felt happy at being praised by parents.
    被父母夸獎(jiǎng)我感到很高興。
    (3)現(xiàn)在式與過去分詞同形。如 come→came→come,
    become→ became→become,run→ran→run.
    It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.
    它覺察到自己被發(fā)現(xiàn)了,于是逃跑了。
    (4)現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞三種各不同形。如 is(am,are)
    →was(was, were)→been,do→did→done,
    go→went→gone,lie→lay→lain,begin→
    began→begun,ring→rang→rung,sing→sang→sung,
    swim→swam→swum,see→saw→seen,
    eat→ate→eaten,give→gave→given,
    take→took→taken,fall→fell→fallen,
    know→knew→known,throw→ threw→ thrown,
    wear→wore→worn,speak→spoke→spoken,
    choose→chose→chosen,break→broke→broken,
    drive→ drove→driven,write→wrote→written,
    forget→forgot→forgot(ten),get→got→got(ten),
    hide→hid→hid(den),show→ showed→show(showed)。
    I was reading a book and eating an apple.
    我正在吃著蘋果讀書。
    A book fell off the bookshelf.
    一本書從書架上掉了下來。
    I saw a little rat on the top of the shelf.
    我看見書架頂上有一只小老鼠。
    I took a bottle of liquid medicine to kill the rat.
    我拿了一瓶滅鼠藥水。
    The rat died before it ate up the apple.
    老鼠還沒吃完蘋果就死掉了。
    I got angry with this rat.
    我生了這只老鼠的氣。
    3.另注:
    (1)一些動(dòng)詞變化的英美不同。
    <1>burn,dream,learn,spell,smell,lean,spill,spoil在美語
    中為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞;在英語中可為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,不過用作不規(guī)
    則動(dòng)詞較為普通。
    <2>在美語中wake的過去分詞也可用waked.
    <3> fit,quit和wet在英語中是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞;但在美語中是不規(guī)則
    動(dòng)詞,三種形式相同。
    <4>dive在英語中是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞;在美語中則為不規(guī)則:
    dive→dove→dived.
    <5>get的過去分詞在美語中也常是gotten.
    (2)字典里有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞有兩個(gè),其中的一個(gè)字尾為
    “en”,此類字尾為“en”的過去分詞現(xiàn)在多用作形容詞,
    而不用作時(shí)態(tài)之一部份(即不用作完成時(shí)態(tài)里的過去分詞)。
        如:
    ill-gotten wealth
    不義之財(cái)。gotten是作形容詞用的過去分詞。
    He has got wealth by ill means.
    他以不正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄蔚玫藉X財(cái)。got是完成式里的過去分詞。
    (3)助動(dòng)詞只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式,沒有過去分詞。
    現(xiàn)在式 過去式 過去分詞
    shall should 無
    can could 無
    will would 無
    may might 無
    must 無 無
    ought 無 無