新概念英語作為一套世界聞名的英語教程，以其全新的教學(xué)理念，有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓(xùn)練，深受廣大英語學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎和喜愛。為了方便同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)，為大家整理了全面的新概念第四冊課文翻譯及學(xué)習(xí)筆記，希望為大家的新概念英語學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助!
Lesson25
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece?
May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science.
One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one merely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.
What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health, it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist: but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanage -- which really is mental health hazard.
D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noise from Science Survey
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
auditory adj. 聽覺的
inadequate adj. 不適當(dāng)?shù)?BR> plea n. 要求
abatement n. 減少
discredit v. 懷疑
allegation n. 斷言
caption n. 插圖說明
wreck n. 殘廢人
snag n. 疑難之處，障礙
anecdote n. 軼聞
slander v. 誹謗
persecute v. 迫害
squadron n. 中隊
psychiatric adj. 精神病學(xué)的
diagnosis n. 診所
orphanage n. 孤兒院
【課文注釋】
1.the Services 軍隊
2.inadequate adj.
①lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task 不適當(dāng)?shù)?BR> 例句:He has made an inadequate choice.
他做了一個不適當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。
②not sufficient to meet a need 不充分的
例句:Inadequate food can stunt a child's development.
食物不足能影響兒童的發(fā)育。
【反義詞】adequate adj. 足夠的, 適當(dāng)?shù)?BR> 3.discredit vt. the state of being held in low esteem 使 ... 不可信, 懷疑, 損害 ... 的信用
例句:They no longer try to discredit the technology itself.
他們不再試圖懷疑這種技術(shù)本身。
4.be associated with 與 ... 相聯(lián)系
例句:In children's minds, summers are associated with picnics.
在孩子們看來，夏天總是和郊游連在一起的。
I didn't want to be associated with it at all.
我根本不想與這事有牽連。
5.allegation n. 斷言, 主張, 辯解, 指控
例句:She declared that the allegation was a lie.
她斷言這一說法是謊言。
He demanded the right of reply to the newspaper allegation.
他要求獲得對報紙斷言的答辯權(quán)。
6.On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that...句中on的意思是on the occasion of, directly after(當(dāng)時，隨后)
7.slander
①vt. 中傷, 誹謗
例句:He that praises publicly will slander privately.
當(dāng)面夸贊你的人，會在背后中傷你。
No matter how they slander us, we will never give in.
不管他們怎樣誹謗我們，我們決不讓步。
②n. 中傷, 誹謗
例句:In the last election, they spattered their rivals with slander
在上屆選舉中,他們用謠言中傷對手。
8.persecute vt. 迫害, 煩擾, 為難
例句:They persecute those who do not conform to their idea.
他們迫害那些不信奉他們思想的人。
9.aircraft carrier 航空母艦
10.That does not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean that...句中出現(xiàn)的3個does的語法功能并不相同，前兩個does是一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式使用的助動詞，第3個does則是強(qiáng)調(diào)用法，有強(qiáng)化句意的作用。
【參考譯文】
在工業(yè)部門工作和在軍隊中服役的許多人對噪聲音有切身的體會，他們認(rèn)為對這個問題進(jìn)行調(diào)查中浪費(fèi)時間，甚至不愿承認(rèn)噪音可能對人有影響。另一方面，那些討厭噪音的人有時會用不充分的證據(jù)來支持他們希望有一個較為安靜的社會環(huán)境的要求。要求減少噪音是件好事，但是如果與拙劣的科學(xué)摻雜在一起的話，就不會被人們所信任，這是很遺憾的。
常見的一種指責(zé)是，噪音能引起精神病。例如，近一家周報刊登了一篇文章，文章上方有一幅引人注目的插圖，是一位表情沮喪的女子。圖的文字說明：“她是又一個受害者，成了只會尖叫的可憐蟲?！碑?dāng)人們急切地看完正文后，便知道這女子是個打字員，辦公室打字機(jī)的聲音使她越來越煩，終住進(jìn)了精神病醫(yī)院。這類奇聞的疑難之處是無法區(qū)別因果關(guān)系。是噪音引起了(精神)病呢，還是(精神)病的癥狀之一是對噪音的抱怨?另有一位病人可能同樣有理由抱怨說，她的鄰居們正在聯(lián)合起來對她進(jìn)行誹謗和迫害，不過，人們不會輕信她的抱怨。
對于噪音問題，需要對大量生活在噪音中的人進(jìn)行研究，看一看他們是否比其他人更易患精神病。例如，美國海軍前些時候調(diào)查了許多在航空母航上工作的人，這次調(diào)查被稱之為：“安內(nèi)英工程”。即使住在離機(jī)場幾英里以外的地方，機(jī)場的噪音也會使人難受。因此，如果你能想像出和幾個中隊的噴氣機(jī)同在一個甲板上是什么滋味兒的話，你就會認(rèn)識到現(xiàn)代海軍是研究噪音的好地方。但是，不管進(jìn)行精神病學(xué)的調(diào)查訪問，還是進(jìn)行客觀的測試，都不能顯示噪音對這些美國水兵有任何影響。這個結(jié)果只不過證實了美國和英國早些時候的研究結(jié)論：如果噪音對精神健康有影響的話，那也一定是微乎其微，以致現(xiàn)代的精神病診斷方法還發(fā)現(xiàn)不了。這并不是證實不存在噪音對健康的影響。但它確實說明，噪音的危險性 -- 比如說 -- 比在孤兒院長大所受的危害要小一些，孤兒院才是真正危害精神健康的地方。
Lesson26
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What is the main condition for the preservation of the remains of any living creature?
It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and sit have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the can be rapidly covered over and preserved.
But even in the most favourable circumstances only a small fraction of the creatures that die are preserved in this way before decay sets in or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. The remains of plants and animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved, for there is seldom anything to cover them over. When you think of the innumerable birds that one sees flying bout, not to mention the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you do not see, it is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads. They decompose and are quickly destroyed by the weather or eaten by some other creature.
It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive, as by falling into inaccessible caves, or into an ice crevasse, like the Siberian mammoths, when the whole animal is sometimes preserved, as in a refrigerator. This is what happened to the famous Beresovka mammoth which was found preserved and in good condition. In his mouth were the remains of fir trees -- the last meal that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back. The mammoth has now just a suburb of Los Angeles. Apparently what happened was that water collected on these tar pits, and the bigger animals like the elephants ventured out on to the apparently firm surface to drink, and were promptly bogged in the tar. And then, when they were dead, the carnivores, like the sabre-toothed cats and the giant wolves, came out to feed and suffered exactly the same fate. There are also endless numbers of birds in the tar as well.
ERROL WHITE The past life of the earth from Discovery
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
preservation n. 保存
silt n. 淤泥
scavenger n. 食腐動物
vole n. 野鼠，鼴鼠
decompose v. 腐爛
inaccessible adj. 不能到達(dá)的
crevasse n. 縫隙
Siberian adj.西伯利亞的
palaeontological adj. 古生物學(xué)的
St. Petersburg n. 圣彼得堡
sabre-toothed adj. 長著銳利的長牙
venture v. 冒險
bogged adj. 陷入泥沼的，陷入要困境的
【課文注釋】
1. 第1段中有兩個由it is ...引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
一個是It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分animals and plants which lived in or near water。另一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句是it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, ... that bodies and the like can be ..., 這一句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點狀語。
2.preserve v. 保護(hù), 保存, 保持
例句：It is highly important to preserve the environment.
保護(hù)自然環(huán)境至關(guān)重要。
【錯句舉例與錯句分析】
錯句: His life and loves have been preserved at Shaw's Corner.
訂正: The record of his life and loves has been preserved at Shaw's Corner.
翻譯: 他的生活與感情記錄都保存在“蕭氏角落”里。
分析: 這里的錯誤是把“生活”與“生活的記錄”混淆在了一起，意思表達(dá)不明確。
【詞義辨析】
keep, retain, reserve, preserve, conserve, withhold, maintain, save , store
這些動詞均有“保持，保存”之意。
keep: 常用詞，指長時間牢固地保持或保存。
retain: 指繼續(xù)保持。
reserve: 正式用詞，指為了將來的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。
preserve: 主要指為防止損害、變質(zhì)等而保存。
conserve: 一般指保存自然資源，保全人的精力、力量等。
withhold: 指扣住不放，暗示有阻礙。
maintain: 指保持原樣，不增不減
save: 普通用詞，指盡量少用，以爭取數(shù)量上有所增加。
store: 普通用詞，指將物品存放，以備將來使用。
3.set in 到來，開始
例句：The moist season has set in.
雨季已來臨。
The rot set in when we lost that important customer in Japan.
我們失去了日本的那家重要客戶後，情況越來越糟了。
4.whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive這是讓步狀語從句，用的是虛擬語氣形式。
5.come across
①碰到, 遇到
例句：I, came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
今天早上我在牛津大街碰見一位老校友。
②被理解
例句：He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come across.
他講了很長時間，但他的意思沒有人真正理解。
③無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)
例句：I came across this book in an old bookstore in London.
我在倫敦一家舊書店里發(fā)現(xiàn)了這本書。
【同義詞】
encounter n.意外的相見, 邂逅,...
happen upon 偶然碰到(偶然發(fā)現(xiàn))
chance on 偶然碰到(不期而遇)
6.decompose vt. 腐爛
例句：Most animals decompose very quickly after death.
大多數(shù)動物死后很快腐爛。
Bacteria can decompose organic matter.
細(xì)菌能使有機(jī)物腐爛。
7.inaccessible adj. 難接近的, 難達(dá)到的, 難達(dá)成的
例句：His busy schedule made him completely inaccessible to his students.
他的時間排得很滿，學(xué)生根本無法和他接觸。
inaccessibility n. 難接近, 難達(dá)到, 難達(dá)成
【反義詞】accessible adj.可得到的, 易接近的...
8.apparently adv.
①表面上
例句：Beneath that apparently calm surface is a man of fierce temper.
文靜的外表掩蓋著的是一個火暴脾氣的人。
②似乎, 顯然
例句：Apparently they're intending to put up the price of water.
看來他們要提高水費(fèi)了。
9.venture
① v.冒險, 敢于
例句：Venture a small fish to catch a great one.
[諺]欲釣大魚，先舍小魚。
He ventured his life to save a little girl from drowning.
他冒生命危險救起了一個小女孩，使她免于淹死。
②n. 冒險(事業(yè)), 風(fēng)險, 投機(jī)
例句：All our hopes rested upon this venture.
我們所有的希望都寄托在這次冒險上了。
【詞義辨析】
venture, chance, dare, hazard, risk這些動詞均含有“敢于冒險”之意。
venture: 指冒風(fēng)險試一試，或指有禮貌的反抗或反對。
chance: 指碰運(yùn)氣、冒風(fēng)險試試。
dare: 可與venture換用，但語氣較強(qiáng)，著重挑戰(zhàn)或違抗。
hazard: 主要指冒險作出某個選擇，隱含碰運(yùn)氣意味。
risk: 指不顧個人安危去干某事，側(cè)重主動承擔(dān)風(fēng)險。
10.bogged adj. 陷入泥沼的, 陷于困境的
例句：The tank (got) bogged down in the mud.
坦克陷入泥沼之中。
Our discussions got bogged down in irrelevant detail.
我們的討論糾纏在無關(guān)緊要的細(xì)節(jié)上。
【參考譯文】
只有生活在水中或水邊的動植物尸體有可能被保存下來，因為保存的必要條件之一是迅速掩埋，所以只有在泥沙不停淤積的海洋和江河里，有時在湖泊里，尸體之類的東西才能被迅速地覆蓋而保存下來。
即使是在有利的環(huán)境中，死去的生物中也只有一小部分能在開始腐爛前，或更可能在被食腐動物吃掉之前，被這樣保存下來。因為一切生物都是靠吃別的東西來活命的，不管這種東西是植物還是動物，死的還是活的，因此，生物偶爾才能避免被吃掉的命運(yùn)。曾在陸地上生活過的動植物的遺體被保存下來的更為罕見，因為陸地上幾乎沒有什么東西覆蓋它們。你可以想象出天上有看得見的飛來飛去、數(shù)不清的鳥，地上有不顯眼的無數(shù)的老鼠和田鼠之類的小動物，但是，除非在路上，很少有人遇到這些動物的尸體，因為它們腐敗之后很快就被風(fēng)化掉，或被別的動物吃掉了。
幾乎總是由于某些特殊的條件，陸地動物的遺體才被存下來，如掉進(jìn)難以到達(dá)的洞穴，或掉進(jìn)冰河裂縫里，或者像西伯利亞長毛象那樣掉進(jìn)冰窟中，有時整個動物像被放在冰箱里一樣被保存下來，的那林索夫卡長毛象就是這樣被保存下來的，而且保存得很好。它嘴里還留著冷杉 -- 它掉進(jìn)冰河裂隙折斷脊椎柱之前的后一頓飯。這頭長毛象已被修復(fù)，現(xiàn)存于圣彼得堡古生物學(xué)博物館。有的動物掉進(jìn)天然瀝清坑里被保存下來，如在蘭橋.拉.布里 -- 現(xiàn)在是洛杉磯的郊區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的大象、劍齒虎和許多其他動物。顯然，事情的經(jīng)過是這樣：瀝青坑里積存了水，大象那樣的大動物冒險到似乎堅固的水面上去飲水，立即掉進(jìn)了瀝青坑。大象死后，一些食肉動物，如劍齒虎和大灰狼就來吃大象，結(jié)果遭到了同樣的命運(yùn)。瀝青坑里還有無數(shù)只鳥的尸體。
Lesson27
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What happened to the 'Vasa' almost immediately after she was launched?
From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.
King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament. Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.
As she was prepared of her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with rea and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.
Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags flying, pennants waving, sails fillng in the breeze, and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with colour, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before. All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.
As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list, but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. The lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying-in the harbour of her birth.
ROY SAUNGERS The Raising of the 'Vasa' from The Listener
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
galleon n. 大型帆船
Stockholm n. 斯德哥爾摩
flagship n. 旗艦
imperial adj. 帝國的
hurricane n. 颶風(fēng)
armament n. 軍械
triple adj. 三層的
mount v. 架有
bronze n. 青銅
cannon n. 加農(nóng)炮
might n.力量
ferment n.激動不安
ornament v.裝飾
riot n.豐富
demon n.惡魔
mermaid n.美人魚
cherub n.小天使
zoomorphic adj.獸行的
ablaze adj.光彩的
portray v.繪制
drifting adj.彌漫的
churn v.翻滾
pennant n.三角旗
superstructure n.上部結(jié)構(gòu)
majestic adj.威嚴(yán)的
muzzle n.炮口
freshen v.變強(qiáng)
squall n.狂風(fēng)
list v.傾斜
port n.(船、飛機(jī)的) 左舷
ordnance n.軍械
heave v.拖
starboard n.(船、飛機(jī)的) 右舷
counteract v.抵消
steepen v.變得更陡峭
ballast n.壓艙物
inrush n.水的涌入
Baltic n.波羅的海
【課文注釋】
1.the 'Vasa',"瓦薩號"戰(zhàn)船。這艘船是以瑞典瓦薩王朝創(chuàng)始人Gustavus Vasa的姓氏命名的。Gustavus Vasa曾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了反對丹麥統(tǒng)治的*，1523年出任國王，使瑞典成為了一個獨立、統(tǒng)一、富強(qiáng)的國家。
2.maiden voyage 處女航，首航
3.the Thirty Years’ War, "三十年戰(zhàn)爭"。這是歐洲歷的一場多國混戰(zhàn)，具有政治色彩和宗教色彩，是新教諸侯和天主教諸侯之間的連年戰(zhàn)爭，后在1648年簽訂了《韋斯特伐利亞條約》，以天主教諸侯的失敗而告終。
4.dictate v.規(guī)定
例句：Her skills were in such demand that she could dictate her own salary.
她因其技術(shù)奇貨可居，故可以主宰自己的薪金待遇。
5.mount v.
①登上,爬上;騎上;騎在...上
例句：He mounted the bicycle and rode away.
他騎上自行車走了。
②架置;裝有(槍炮等)
例句：The ship mounts eight guns.
這艘軍艦裝有八門大炮。
【詞義辨析】
ascend, climb, mount這些動詞均含有“攀登，上升”之意。
ascend: 正式用詞，指不用手攀，一直上升直到相當(dāng)高的地方。
climb: 普通用詞，含義廣泛，側(cè)重運(yùn)用手足費(fèi)力地攀登或上升，也可指抽象事物。
mount: 書面用詞，詞義與ascend相近，強(qiáng)調(diào)連續(xù)不斷地向上移動、攀登或上漲。指騎馬時用mount。
6.a riot of, 許多......，主要指色彩豐富。
7.with the water churned..., her flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling..., and the red and gold... ablaze...with后有5個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，均作方式狀語，修飾動詞emerged.
8.churn v.翻滾，攪動
例句：My stomach started to churn when I thought about my exams.
一想到考試,我的胃就開始翻騰。
9.freshen v.
①(使)變新鮮
例句： A good clean will really freshen (up) the house.
好好收拾一下的確會使房子煥然一新。
②(風(fēng))變強(qiáng)
10.list
v.
①傾斜
例句：As they climbed into the dinghy, it began to list violently.
當(dāng)他們登上救生艇時，救生艇開始劇烈地傾斜。
②列出
例句：He listed all the things he had to do.
他把自己必須做的事列成表。
n. 目錄, 名單, 明細(xì)表
例句：We should get the samples on the list to check.
我們應(yīng)該索取目錄上的樣品來檢驗一下。
11.counteract vt. 抵消, 中和, 消解, 抵制
例句： They will counteract the effects of his bad influence.
他們要清除他的不良影響。
【參考譯文】
1628年，一艘大帆船在處女航時就沉沒了，這個從容不迫7世紀(jì)瑞典帝國流傳至今的故事無疑是航海離奇的事件之一。這艘大船在斯德哥爾摩港口的海底躺了將近3個半世紀(jì)之后，直到1956年才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這就是“瓦薩”號，帝國大艦隊的皇家旗艦。
當(dāng)時號稱“北方颶風(fēng)”的國王古斯夫斯.阿道爾弗正處在“三十年戰(zhàn)爭”的軍事鼎盛階段，他親自規(guī)定了這艘船的規(guī)模和武器配備。3層的火炮甲板上裝著64門青銅加農(nóng)炮，目的就是要在不斷增長的瑞典勢力中起主導(dǎo)作用。
1628年8月10日，“瓦薩”號準(zhǔn)備首航時，斯德哥爾摩一片歡騰。人們從斯開波斯布朗和周圍的島嶼前來觀看這艘美麗的戰(zhàn)船揚(yáng)帆起航，乘風(fēng)前進(jìn)。瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成這件水上藝術(shù)品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，裝飾得都更加華麗。高聳的船樓上雕刻了令人眼花繚亂的神仙、妖魔、騎士、國王、武士、美人魚和小天使，還有用紅色、金黃色、藍(lán)色繪制的光彩奪目的獸形圖案，象征著勇敢、力量和殘暴，以激起當(dāng)時崇尚迷信的水手們的想像。
這時，停泊在港口的其他戰(zhàn)船向“瓦薩”號鳴炮致禮，“瓦薩”號也鳴炮回禮。當(dāng)“瓦薩”號從彌漫的禮炮煙云中出現(xiàn)時，船頭下浪花四濺，艦旗迎風(fēng)招展，三角旗隨風(fēng)飄動，微風(fēng)鼓起風(fēng)帆，金碧輝煌的船樓閃耀著燦爛的色彩?！巴咚_”號展現(xiàn)的壯觀景象是斯德哥爾摩人從未見過的。船上的炮眼開著，炮口虎視眈眈地向外窺視著。
當(dāng)風(fēng)力增強(qiáng)時，突然刮來一陣大風(fēng)，“瓦薩”號奇怪地?fù)u晃了一下，便向左舷傾斜。炮長命令把左舷上所有大炮搬到右舷上來以抵消船的傾斜，但甲板的傾斜度仍在增加。當(dāng)物品、壓艙物、彈藥和400個人轟地一聲滑向陡斜的左舷時，岸上的觀眾聽到了雷鳴般的轟響。下層炮眼已淹沒在水里，涌進(jìn)船艙的水給“瓦薩”號帶來了難以逃脫的厄運(yùn)。就這樣，想要統(tǒng)治波羅的海的大型戰(zhàn)艦“瓦薩”號，在它壯麗的起航時刻，帶著全身飄揚(yáng)的彩旗，沉沒在了它誕生的港口。
Lesson25
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece?
May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science.
One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one merely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.
What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health, it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist: but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanage -- which really is mental health hazard.
D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noise from Science Survey
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
auditory adj. 聽覺的
inadequate adj. 不適當(dāng)?shù)?BR> plea n. 要求
abatement n. 減少
discredit v. 懷疑
allegation n. 斷言
caption n. 插圖說明
wreck n. 殘廢人
snag n. 疑難之處，障礙
anecdote n. 軼聞
slander v. 誹謗
persecute v. 迫害
squadron n. 中隊
psychiatric adj. 精神病學(xué)的
diagnosis n. 診所
orphanage n. 孤兒院
【課文注釋】
1.the Services 軍隊
2.inadequate adj.
①lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task 不適當(dāng)?shù)?BR> 例句:He has made an inadequate choice.
他做了一個不適當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。
②not sufficient to meet a need 不充分的
例句:Inadequate food can stunt a child's development.
食物不足能影響兒童的發(fā)育。
【反義詞】adequate adj. 足夠的, 適當(dāng)?shù)?BR> 3.discredit vt. the state of being held in low esteem 使 ... 不可信, 懷疑, 損害 ... 的信用
例句:They no longer try to discredit the technology itself.
他們不再試圖懷疑這種技術(shù)本身。
4.be associated with 與 ... 相聯(lián)系
例句:In children's minds, summers are associated with picnics.
在孩子們看來，夏天總是和郊游連在一起的。
I didn't want to be associated with it at all.
我根本不想與這事有牽連。
5.allegation n. 斷言, 主張, 辯解, 指控
例句:She declared that the allegation was a lie.
她斷言這一說法是謊言。
He demanded the right of reply to the newspaper allegation.
他要求獲得對報紙斷言的答辯權(quán)。
6.On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that...句中on的意思是on the occasion of, directly after(當(dāng)時，隨后)
7.slander
①vt. 中傷, 誹謗
例句:He that praises publicly will slander privately.
當(dāng)面夸贊你的人，會在背后中傷你。
No matter how they slander us, we will never give in.
不管他們怎樣誹謗我們，我們決不讓步。
②n. 中傷, 誹謗
例句:In the last election, they spattered their rivals with slander
在上屆選舉中,他們用謠言中傷對手。
8.persecute vt. 迫害, 煩擾, 為難
例句:They persecute those who do not conform to their idea.
他們迫害那些不信奉他們思想的人。
9.aircraft carrier 航空母艦
10.That does not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean that...句中出現(xiàn)的3個does的語法功能并不相同，前兩個does是一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式使用的助動詞，第3個does則是強(qiáng)調(diào)用法，有強(qiáng)化句意的作用。
【參考譯文】
在工業(yè)部門工作和在軍隊中服役的許多人對噪聲音有切身的體會，他們認(rèn)為對這個問題進(jìn)行調(diào)查中浪費(fèi)時間，甚至不愿承認(rèn)噪音可能對人有影響。另一方面，那些討厭噪音的人有時會用不充分的證據(jù)來支持他們希望有一個較為安靜的社會環(huán)境的要求。要求減少噪音是件好事，但是如果與拙劣的科學(xué)摻雜在一起的話，就不會被人們所信任，這是很遺憾的。
常見的一種指責(zé)是，噪音能引起精神病。例如，近一家周報刊登了一篇文章，文章上方有一幅引人注目的插圖，是一位表情沮喪的女子。圖的文字說明：“她是又一個受害者，成了只會尖叫的可憐蟲?！碑?dāng)人們急切地看完正文后，便知道這女子是個打字員，辦公室打字機(jī)的聲音使她越來越煩，終住進(jìn)了精神病醫(yī)院。這類奇聞的疑難之處是無法區(qū)別因果關(guān)系。是噪音引起了(精神)病呢，還是(精神)病的癥狀之一是對噪音的抱怨?另有一位病人可能同樣有理由抱怨說，她的鄰居們正在聯(lián)合起來對她進(jìn)行誹謗和迫害，不過，人們不會輕信她的抱怨。
對于噪音問題，需要對大量生活在噪音中的人進(jìn)行研究，看一看他們是否比其他人更易患精神病。例如，美國海軍前些時候調(diào)查了許多在航空母航上工作的人，這次調(diào)查被稱之為：“安內(nèi)英工程”。即使住在離機(jī)場幾英里以外的地方，機(jī)場的噪音也會使人難受。因此，如果你能想像出和幾個中隊的噴氣機(jī)同在一個甲板上是什么滋味兒的話，你就會認(rèn)識到現(xiàn)代海軍是研究噪音的好地方。但是，不管進(jìn)行精神病學(xué)的調(diào)查訪問，還是進(jìn)行客觀的測試，都不能顯示噪音對這些美國水兵有任何影響。這個結(jié)果只不過證實了美國和英國早些時候的研究結(jié)論：如果噪音對精神健康有影響的話，那也一定是微乎其微，以致現(xiàn)代的精神病診斷方法還發(fā)現(xiàn)不了。這并不是證實不存在噪音對健康的影響。但它確實說明，噪音的危險性 -- 比如說 -- 比在孤兒院長大所受的危害要小一些，孤兒院才是真正危害精神健康的地方。
Lesson26
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What is the main condition for the preservation of the remains of any living creature?
It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and sit have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the can be rapidly covered over and preserved.
But even in the most favourable circumstances only a small fraction of the creatures that die are preserved in this way before decay sets in or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something else, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. The remains of plants and animals that lived on land are much more rarely preserved, for there is seldom anything to cover them over. When you think of the innumerable birds that one sees flying bout, not to mention the equally numerous small animals like field mice and voles which you do not see, it is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads. They decompose and are quickly destroyed by the weather or eaten by some other creature.
It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive, as by falling into inaccessible caves, or into an ice crevasse, like the Siberian mammoths, when the whole animal is sometimes preserved, as in a refrigerator. This is what happened to the famous Beresovka mammoth which was found preserved and in good condition. In his mouth were the remains of fir trees -- the last meal that he had before he fell into the crevasse and broke his back. The mammoth has now just a suburb of Los Angeles. Apparently what happened was that water collected on these tar pits, and the bigger animals like the elephants ventured out on to the apparently firm surface to drink, and were promptly bogged in the tar. And then, when they were dead, the carnivores, like the sabre-toothed cats and the giant wolves, came out to feed and suffered exactly the same fate. There are also endless numbers of birds in the tar as well.
ERROL WHITE The past life of the earth from Discovery
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
preservation n. 保存
silt n. 淤泥
scavenger n. 食腐動物
vole n. 野鼠，鼴鼠
decompose v. 腐爛
inaccessible adj. 不能到達(dá)的
crevasse n. 縫隙
Siberian adj.西伯利亞的
palaeontological adj. 古生物學(xué)的
St. Petersburg n. 圣彼得堡
sabre-toothed adj. 長著銳利的長牙
venture v. 冒險
bogged adj. 陷入泥沼的，陷入要困境的
【課文注釋】
1. 第1段中有兩個由it is ...引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
一個是It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分animals and plants which lived in or near water。另一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句是it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, ... that bodies and the like can be ..., 這一句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點狀語。
2.preserve v. 保護(hù), 保存, 保持
例句：It is highly important to preserve the environment.
保護(hù)自然環(huán)境至關(guān)重要。
【錯句舉例與錯句分析】
錯句: His life and loves have been preserved at Shaw's Corner.
訂正: The record of his life and loves has been preserved at Shaw's Corner.
翻譯: 他的生活與感情記錄都保存在“蕭氏角落”里。
分析: 這里的錯誤是把“生活”與“生活的記錄”混淆在了一起，意思表達(dá)不明確。
【詞義辨析】
keep, retain, reserve, preserve, conserve, withhold, maintain, save , store
這些動詞均有“保持，保存”之意。
keep: 常用詞，指長時間牢固地保持或保存。
retain: 指繼續(xù)保持。
reserve: 正式用詞，指為了將來的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。
preserve: 主要指為防止損害、變質(zhì)等而保存。
conserve: 一般指保存自然資源，保全人的精力、力量等。
withhold: 指扣住不放，暗示有阻礙。
maintain: 指保持原樣，不增不減
save: 普通用詞，指盡量少用，以爭取數(shù)量上有所增加。
store: 普通用詞，指將物品存放，以備將來使用。
3.set in 到來，開始
例句：The moist season has set in.
雨季已來臨。
The rot set in when we lost that important customer in Japan.
我們失去了日本的那家重要客戶後，情況越來越糟了。
4.whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive這是讓步狀語從句，用的是虛擬語氣形式。
5.come across
①碰到, 遇到
例句：I, came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
今天早上我在牛津大街碰見一位老校友。
②被理解
例句：He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come across.
他講了很長時間，但他的意思沒有人真正理解。
③無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)
例句：I came across this book in an old bookstore in London.
我在倫敦一家舊書店里發(fā)現(xiàn)了這本書。
【同義詞】
encounter n.意外的相見, 邂逅,...
happen upon 偶然碰到(偶然發(fā)現(xiàn))
chance on 偶然碰到(不期而遇)
6.decompose vt. 腐爛
例句：Most animals decompose very quickly after death.
大多數(shù)動物死后很快腐爛。
Bacteria can decompose organic matter.
細(xì)菌能使有機(jī)物腐爛。
7.inaccessible adj. 難接近的, 難達(dá)到的, 難達(dá)成的
例句：His busy schedule made him completely inaccessible to his students.
他的時間排得很滿，學(xué)生根本無法和他接觸。
inaccessibility n. 難接近, 難達(dá)到, 難達(dá)成
【反義詞】accessible adj.可得到的, 易接近的...
8.apparently adv.
①表面上
例句：Beneath that apparently calm surface is a man of fierce temper.
文靜的外表掩蓋著的是一個火暴脾氣的人。
②似乎, 顯然
例句：Apparently they're intending to put up the price of water.
看來他們要提高水費(fèi)了。
9.venture
① v.冒險, 敢于
例句：Venture a small fish to catch a great one.
[諺]欲釣大魚，先舍小魚。
He ventured his life to save a little girl from drowning.
他冒生命危險救起了一個小女孩，使她免于淹死。
②n. 冒險(事業(yè)), 風(fēng)險, 投機(jī)
例句：All our hopes rested upon this venture.
我們所有的希望都寄托在這次冒險上了。
【詞義辨析】
venture, chance, dare, hazard, risk這些動詞均含有“敢于冒險”之意。
venture: 指冒風(fēng)險試一試，或指有禮貌的反抗或反對。
chance: 指碰運(yùn)氣、冒風(fēng)險試試。
dare: 可與venture換用，但語氣較強(qiáng)，著重挑戰(zhàn)或違抗。
hazard: 主要指冒險作出某個選擇，隱含碰運(yùn)氣意味。
risk: 指不顧個人安危去干某事，側(cè)重主動承擔(dān)風(fēng)險。
10.bogged adj. 陷入泥沼的, 陷于困境的
例句：The tank (got) bogged down in the mud.
坦克陷入泥沼之中。
Our discussions got bogged down in irrelevant detail.
我們的討論糾纏在無關(guān)緊要的細(xì)節(jié)上。
【參考譯文】
只有生活在水中或水邊的動植物尸體有可能被保存下來，因為保存的必要條件之一是迅速掩埋，所以只有在泥沙不停淤積的海洋和江河里，有時在湖泊里，尸體之類的東西才能被迅速地覆蓋而保存下來。
即使是在有利的環(huán)境中，死去的生物中也只有一小部分能在開始腐爛前，或更可能在被食腐動物吃掉之前，被這樣保存下來。因為一切生物都是靠吃別的東西來活命的，不管這種東西是植物還是動物，死的還是活的，因此，生物偶爾才能避免被吃掉的命運(yùn)。曾在陸地上生活過的動植物的遺體被保存下來的更為罕見，因為陸地上幾乎沒有什么東西覆蓋它們。你可以想象出天上有看得見的飛來飛去、數(shù)不清的鳥，地上有不顯眼的無數(shù)的老鼠和田鼠之類的小動物，但是，除非在路上，很少有人遇到這些動物的尸體，因為它們腐敗之后很快就被風(fēng)化掉，或被別的動物吃掉了。
幾乎總是由于某些特殊的條件，陸地動物的遺體才被存下來，如掉進(jìn)難以到達(dá)的洞穴，或掉進(jìn)冰河裂縫里，或者像西伯利亞長毛象那樣掉進(jìn)冰窟中，有時整個動物像被放在冰箱里一樣被保存下來，的那林索夫卡長毛象就是這樣被保存下來的，而且保存得很好。它嘴里還留著冷杉 -- 它掉進(jìn)冰河裂隙折斷脊椎柱之前的后一頓飯。這頭長毛象已被修復(fù)，現(xiàn)存于圣彼得堡古生物學(xué)博物館。有的動物掉進(jìn)天然瀝清坑里被保存下來，如在蘭橋.拉.布里 -- 現(xiàn)在是洛杉磯的郊區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的大象、劍齒虎和許多其他動物。顯然，事情的經(jīng)過是這樣：瀝青坑里積存了水，大象那樣的大動物冒險到似乎堅固的水面上去飲水，立即掉進(jìn)了瀝青坑。大象死后，一些食肉動物，如劍齒虎和大灰狼就來吃大象，結(jié)果遭到了同樣的命運(yùn)。瀝青坑里還有無數(shù)只鳥的尸體。
Lesson27
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What happened to the 'Vasa' almost immediately after she was launched?
From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.
King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament. Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.
As she was prepared of her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with rea and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.
Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags flying, pennants waving, sails fillng in the breeze, and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with colour, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before. All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.
As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list, but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. The lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying-in the harbour of her birth.
ROY SAUNGERS The Raising of the 'Vasa' from The Listener
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
galleon n. 大型帆船
Stockholm n. 斯德哥爾摩
flagship n. 旗艦
imperial adj. 帝國的
hurricane n. 颶風(fēng)
armament n. 軍械
triple adj. 三層的
mount v. 架有
bronze n. 青銅
cannon n. 加農(nóng)炮
might n.力量
ferment n.激動不安
ornament v.裝飾
riot n.豐富
demon n.惡魔
mermaid n.美人魚
cherub n.小天使
zoomorphic adj.獸行的
ablaze adj.光彩的
portray v.繪制
drifting adj.彌漫的
churn v.翻滾
pennant n.三角旗
superstructure n.上部結(jié)構(gòu)
majestic adj.威嚴(yán)的
muzzle n.炮口
freshen v.變強(qiáng)
squall n.狂風(fēng)
list v.傾斜
port n.(船、飛機(jī)的) 左舷
ordnance n.軍械
heave v.拖
starboard n.(船、飛機(jī)的) 右舷
counteract v.抵消
steepen v.變得更陡峭
ballast n.壓艙物
inrush n.水的涌入
Baltic n.波羅的海
【課文注釋】
1.the 'Vasa',"瓦薩號"戰(zhàn)船。這艘船是以瑞典瓦薩王朝創(chuàng)始人Gustavus Vasa的姓氏命名的。Gustavus Vasa曾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了反對丹麥統(tǒng)治的*，1523年出任國王，使瑞典成為了一個獨立、統(tǒng)一、富強(qiáng)的國家。
2.maiden voyage 處女航，首航
3.the Thirty Years’ War, "三十年戰(zhàn)爭"。這是歐洲歷的一場多國混戰(zhàn)，具有政治色彩和宗教色彩，是新教諸侯和天主教諸侯之間的連年戰(zhàn)爭，后在1648年簽訂了《韋斯特伐利亞條約》，以天主教諸侯的失敗而告終。
4.dictate v.規(guī)定
例句：Her skills were in such demand that she could dictate her own salary.
她因其技術(shù)奇貨可居，故可以主宰自己的薪金待遇。
5.mount v.
①登上,爬上;騎上;騎在...上
例句：He mounted the bicycle and rode away.
他騎上自行車走了。
②架置;裝有(槍炮等)
例句：The ship mounts eight guns.
這艘軍艦裝有八門大炮。
【詞義辨析】
ascend, climb, mount這些動詞均含有“攀登，上升”之意。
ascend: 正式用詞，指不用手攀，一直上升直到相當(dāng)高的地方。
climb: 普通用詞，含義廣泛，側(cè)重運(yùn)用手足費(fèi)力地攀登或上升，也可指抽象事物。
mount: 書面用詞，詞義與ascend相近，強(qiáng)調(diào)連續(xù)不斷地向上移動、攀登或上漲。指騎馬時用mount。
6.a riot of, 許多......，主要指色彩豐富。
7.with the water churned..., her flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling..., and the red and gold... ablaze...with后有5個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，均作方式狀語，修飾動詞emerged.
8.churn v.翻滾，攪動
例句：My stomach started to churn when I thought about my exams.
一想到考試,我的胃就開始翻騰。
9.freshen v.
①(使)變新鮮
例句： A good clean will really freshen (up) the house.
好好收拾一下的確會使房子煥然一新。
②(風(fēng))變強(qiáng)
10.list
v.
①傾斜
例句：As they climbed into the dinghy, it began to list violently.
當(dāng)他們登上救生艇時，救生艇開始劇烈地傾斜。
②列出
例句：He listed all the things he had to do.
他把自己必須做的事列成表。
n. 目錄, 名單, 明細(xì)表
例句：We should get the samples on the list to check.
我們應(yīng)該索取目錄上的樣品來檢驗一下。
11.counteract vt. 抵消, 中和, 消解, 抵制
例句： They will counteract the effects of his bad influence.
他們要清除他的不良影響。
【參考譯文】
1628年，一艘大帆船在處女航時就沉沒了，這個從容不迫7世紀(jì)瑞典帝國流傳至今的故事無疑是航海離奇的事件之一。這艘大船在斯德哥爾摩港口的海底躺了將近3個半世紀(jì)之后，直到1956年才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。這就是“瓦薩”號，帝國大艦隊的皇家旗艦。
當(dāng)時號稱“北方颶風(fēng)”的國王古斯夫斯.阿道爾弗正處在“三十年戰(zhàn)爭”的軍事鼎盛階段，他親自規(guī)定了這艘船的規(guī)模和武器配備。3層的火炮甲板上裝著64門青銅加農(nóng)炮，目的就是要在不斷增長的瑞典勢力中起主導(dǎo)作用。
1628年8月10日，“瓦薩”號準(zhǔn)備首航時，斯德哥爾摩一片歡騰。人們從斯開波斯布朗和周圍的島嶼前來觀看這艘美麗的戰(zhàn)船揚(yáng)帆起航，乘風(fēng)前進(jìn)。瑞典人辛辛苦苦干了3年才建成這件水上藝術(shù)品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，裝飾得都更加華麗。高聳的船樓上雕刻了令人眼花繚亂的神仙、妖魔、騎士、國王、武士、美人魚和小天使，還有用紅色、金黃色、藍(lán)色繪制的光彩奪目的獸形圖案，象征著勇敢、力量和殘暴，以激起當(dāng)時崇尚迷信的水手們的想像。
這時，停泊在港口的其他戰(zhàn)船向“瓦薩”號鳴炮致禮，“瓦薩”號也鳴炮回禮。當(dāng)“瓦薩”號從彌漫的禮炮煙云中出現(xiàn)時，船頭下浪花四濺，艦旗迎風(fēng)招展，三角旗隨風(fēng)飄動，微風(fēng)鼓起風(fēng)帆，金碧輝煌的船樓閃耀著燦爛的色彩?！巴咚_”號展現(xiàn)的壯觀景象是斯德哥爾摩人從未見過的。船上的炮眼開著，炮口虎視眈眈地向外窺視著。
當(dāng)風(fēng)力增強(qiáng)時，突然刮來一陣大風(fēng)，“瓦薩”號奇怪地?fù)u晃了一下，便向左舷傾斜。炮長命令把左舷上所有大炮搬到右舷上來以抵消船的傾斜，但甲板的傾斜度仍在增加。當(dāng)物品、壓艙物、彈藥和400個人轟地一聲滑向陡斜的左舷時，岸上的觀眾聽到了雷鳴般的轟響。下層炮眼已淹沒在水里，涌進(jìn)船艙的水給“瓦薩”號帶來了難以逃脫的厄運(yùn)。就這樣，想要統(tǒng)治波羅的海的大型戰(zhàn)艦“瓦薩”號，在它壯麗的起航時刻，帶著全身飄揚(yáng)的彩旗，沉沒在了它誕生的港口。