高二英語必修一知識點:過去分詞做定語表語

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高二是承上啟下的一年,是成績分化的分水嶺,成績往往形成兩極分化:行則扶搖直上,不行則每況愈下。在這一年里學生必須完成學習方式的轉(zhuǎn)變。為了讓你更好的學習高中頻道為你整理了《高二英語必修一知識點:過去分詞做定語表語》希望你喜歡!
    1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.
    2.Hethrewawaythebrokencup.
    3.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.
    4.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
    單個過去分詞作定語,常放在被修飾詞的前面;
    過去分詞短語作定語,常放在被修飾詞的后面。
    spokenEnglish
    =Englishwhichisspoken
    terrifiedpeople
    =thepeoplewhoareterrified
    anorganizedway
    =awaythatisorganized
    affectedarea災區(qū)
    =theareawhichisaffected
    stolenculturerelics
    =culturerelicsthathadbeenstolen
    thebookrecommendedbytheteacher
    =thebookwhichwasrecommendedbytheteacher
    printedarticles
    =articlesthatareprinted
    1)DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.定語
    2)JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet.定語
    3)Hegotinterestedinthetwotheories.表語
    4)Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood表語
    PastParticipleastheAttribute定語PastParticipleasthePredicative表語
    1.terrifiedpeople1.peoplewhoareterrified
    2.reservedseats2.seatsthatarereserved
    3.pollutedwater3.waterthatispolluted
    4.acrowdedroom4.aroomthatiscrowded
    5.apleasedwinner5.awinnerthatispleased
    6.Astonishedchildren6.childrenwholookastonished
    7.abrokenvase7.avasethatisbroken
    8.acloseddoor8.adoorthatisclosed
    9.thetiredaudience9.theaudiencewhofeeltired
    10.atrappedanimal10.ananimalthatistrapped
    Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.
    =Therearemanyleaveswhichhadfallenontheground.(地上有許多落葉)
    Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
    =Someofthem,whohadbeenbornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
    (他們中的一些人,在農(nóng)村出生并長大,從沒去過北京)
    及物動詞的過去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動動作或者沒有一定的時間性,只表示被動關(guān)系。
    pollutedwater
    =waterwhichispolluted
    reservedseats
    =theseatswhichwerereserved
    trappedanimal
    =theanimalwhichwastrapped
    不及物動詞的過去分詞不表被動,只表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,含有動作完成,動作結(jié)束之含義。
    boiledwater
    =waterwhichhasboiled
    fallenleaves
    =theleaveswhichhavefallen
    risensun
    =thesunwhichhasrisen
    過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語,前后用逗號隔開。
    Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.這些書是郭敬明寫的,深受青少年的喜愛。
    Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他們中的一些人,在農(nóng)村出生并長大,從沒過北京.
    Thebook_writtenbythefarmer(一本農(nóng)民寫的書)isverypopular.
    Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(去年建的樓房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.
    Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday(在昨天會議上討論的)wasverydifficulttosolve.
    Thewindowbrokenbythatnaughtyboy被那個頑皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.
    Thechildrenexaminedinthehospitalyesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的)wereseriouslyill.
    Thepeopleexposedtothesun(暴露在陽光下的)gotsunburnt.
    Theboypunishedseverelybytheteacher(受到老師嚴厲懲罰的)isnowacollegestudent.
    Thewaterdeliveredtohishome(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.
    TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishspokeninthepast300years(300年前所說的).
    Mostoftheartistsinvitedtotheparty(被邀請去參加聚會的)werefromSouthAfrica.
    Thestudentsinspiredbytheteacher(受到老師鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.
    TheOlympicGames,__A_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
    A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayed
    C.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying
    ①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作已完成。
    ②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生,與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。
    ③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作。
    firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.
    Consolidation鞏固
    1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
    A.areboughtB.bought
    C.beenboughtD.buying
    2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,
    thenewly-electedpresidentishaving
    ahardtime.
    A.settledB.settling
    C.tosettleD.beingsettled
    3.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.
    A.beingknownB.havingbeenknown
    C.tobeknownD.known
    4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”
    A.pin,readB.pinning,reading
    C.pinned,readingD.pinned,read
    2)作表語表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)被當作形容詞使用。如:disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。
    Thewindowisbroken.窗戶碎了。
    Don’tgetsoexcited.別這么激動。
    1.用作表語的過去分詞被動意味很弱,主要表示動作的完成和狀態(tài),此時相當于一個形容詞。
    2.被動語態(tài)的過去分詞動詞意味很強,句子主語為動作的承受者,后面常跟by短語。
    ①Theglassisbroken.
    TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.
    ②Thewindowsareclosed.
    ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.
    3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested,
    surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動意味。
    ①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?
    Theygotveryexcited.
    ②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?
    Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.
    ③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.
    ④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.
    作表語練習:
    Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.
    A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
    該題考查分詞作表語的用法?!皌opaysb.bythehour”計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有:getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.
    1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.
    A.paintedB.painting
    C.beingpaintedD.tobepainted
    2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.
    A.waslosingB.gotlosing
    C.grewlostD.gotlost
    3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparents
    are_____him.
    A.disappointing;disappointedat
    B.disappointing;disappointedabout
    C.disappointing;disappointedwith
    D.disappointed;disappointingby
    現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別
    現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞表示被動意義.
    現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行,過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成.
    amovingmovie感人的電影
    amovedaudience被感動的觀眾
    boilingwater正在燒(煮沸)的水
    boiledwater已煮沸的水
    developingcountries反展中國家
    developedcountries發(fā)達國家
    fallingleaves落葉(正在進行)
    fallenleaves落葉(已經(jīng)完成)
    Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.
    Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.
    ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.
    TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet。