成功并不能用一個(gè)人達(dá)到什么地位來(lái)衡量,而是依據(jù)他在邁向成功的過(guò)程中,到底克服了多少困難和障礙。聰明出于勤奮,天才在于積累。以下我為考生整理的《2017成人高考高起點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)《英語(yǔ)》同義詞解析》 供您查閱。

The teacher allows too much noise in the classroom
那位老師聽(tīng)任教室內(nèi)有過(guò)分的嘈雜聲。
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
他應(yīng)該知道,警察是不會(huì)允許這種事情的。
The dogs have greater freedom too,for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.
那些狗也有了較大的自由,因?yàn)樵试S它們?cè)跂艡谕饷娴教幣芘堋?BR> 而permit又不包含allow的這樣一層含義:克制著自己不去禁止,而allow卻不包含permit的這樣的含義:同意或者默許
We do not allow (or permit) gambling.
我們不允許賭博;
grant 所表示的“允許”包含這樣的意思:上級(jí)就下級(jí)的要求,把自認(rèn)為是一種恩惠或權(quán)利給予別人
He requested that the premier grant him an internview.
他要求那位總理接見(jiàn)他一次。
Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a call-box.
獲得了許可后,一名警察陪他來(lái)到公用電話(huà)亭。
composed of men of the same nationality or who spoke a common language.
法令指出連隊(duì)?wèi)?yīng)當(dāng)盡可能地由同一民族的人或操同一語(yǔ)言的人組成
lift raise elevate
都含“舉起”的意思。
lift 指“用體力或機(jī)械力把某物從地面舉到一定的高度”,如:
She can lift a pail of water from the ground.
她能把一桶水提起來(lái)。
raise 與Lift 可換用,但著重“垂直高舉”或“將物件由較低處移至較高處的適宜位置,以發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用”,如:
raise a flag.
升旗。
elevate 指“提高(嗓子、思想等)”,如:
Good reading elevates the mind.
閱讀好書(shū)可使思想高尚。
lift,raise,rear,elevate,hoist 這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“提起”,“舉起”。
lift 強(qiáng)調(diào)“提升很重的或者抬起比較重的東西”,當(dāng)用于比喻時(shí),可以指雄偉高大的建筑物或大山的“高聳入云”
The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal.
現(xiàn)在必須垂直著提升餡餅盤(pán),因?yàn)楸P(pán)的一邊靠在運(yùn)河的側(cè)面上。
raise 在用于“提升”的意義時(shí),可包含費(fèi)力也可能不包含費(fèi)力,但總帶有“垂直”提升的意思;在用于比喻時(shí),可以表示喂羊家畜、家禽,照料農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng),募集資金,抬募軍隊(duì),養(yǎng)育兒童等
…there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom……。
當(dāng)從海底提上來(lái)一只箱子時(shí),船上出現(xiàn)了極為興奮的場(chǎng)面。
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another.
我們的牧師老是在為這樁或那樁事募款。
rear和raise在文學(xué)語(yǔ)言中常互換使用。在表示養(yǎng)育兒童時(shí),rear 為美國(guó)南方各州慣用詞
She bore three children and reared (or reaised) two of them.
她生過(guò)三個(gè)孩子,養(yǎng)大了兩個(gè)。
elevate 一般具有l(wèi)ift和raise的含義,但elevate 常用于抽象概念的提高,如“提高文學(xué)鑒賞力”,“提高情操”等
Good reading elerates the mind.
讀好書(shū)可以提高情操。
hoist 尤指“以機(jī)械提升重物”
The cargo was soon hoisted into the ship.
貸物很快就被吊進(jìn)船艙。
change,alter,vary,modify這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“改變”或“變化”。
change 是通用詞,它有兩層基本含義:“變”和“換”?!白儭笨梢灾负驮瓉?lái)的樣子或性質(zhì)稍有不同,也可以指有本質(zhì)的差異。
At first,she decided to go to the police,but fearing that she would never see Rastus again-the letter had made that quite clear-she changed her mind.
起初,她決定去警察局,但是她由于擔(dān)心再也見(jiàn)不到拉斯特斯了-那封信說(shuō)得相當(dāng)清楚-她改變了主意。
He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.
然后他換上工裝褲,作為清潔工人度過(guò)接下去的八小時(shí)。
alter 所表示的“改變”只是細(xì)節(jié)的,或外表的變化,并不表示本質(zhì)的改變。如:把一件衣服改小一些或只把衣袖稍放肥一些,但衣服的式樣仍然不變,這時(shí)用alter便很確當(dāng)
He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be alltered.
他可以溫和地指責(zé)一個(gè)官員,或者甚至建議議會(huì)修改法律條款。
vary 一般表示轉(zhuǎn)換、變易、增生所致的“變化”或“不同”
The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.
他所采取的行動(dòng),根據(jù)怨言的性質(zhì),而有所不同。
modify 主要用來(lái)表示有局限性的“改變”,當(dāng)用于事物時(shí),它所表示的“改變”,在程度上要大于 alter,在用于人的態(tài)度時(shí),它僅僅表示略加修飾,并不含有很大的變化
The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.
工業(yè)革命變革了英國(guó)的整個(gè)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。
remain stay
都指“繼續(xù)停留”或“繼續(xù)保持某種狀態(tài)、關(guān)系或行動(dòng)?!?BR> remain 常可與stay 互換,但它強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)停留于一處或保持原狀態(tài)、情況性質(zhì)而不改變”,如:
This place remains cool all summer.
這個(gè)地方整個(gè)夏天都涼爽。
stay強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人[物]繼續(xù)留在原地而不離開(kāi)”,如:
He stayed to see the end of the game.
他一直呆到比賽結(jié)束
ability,capacity,faculty,talent,skill,competence,aptitude
These nouns denote the qualities in a person that permit or facilitate achievement or accomplishment.
這些名詞都表示某人具有取得進(jìn)步或成功的素質(zhì)。
Ability is the power,mental or physical,to do something:
Ability 是指智力或體力上具有做某事的能力:
“To make a fortune some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient”
(Ihara Saikaku)。
“要致富,光靠能力是不夠的,還得看機(jī)遇” (伊哈拉。塞科古)。
Capacity refers to an innate potential for growth,development,or accomplishment:
Capacity 指天賦的,如生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展或成功的潛力:
“Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired” (Plautus)。
“智慧的獲得是依靠才能而不是年齡” (普洛提斯)。
Faculty denotes an inherent power or ability:
Faculty 指內(nèi)在的力量或能力:
An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.
能無(wú)誤地看出偽善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。
Talent emphasizes inborn ability,especially in the arts:
Talent 強(qiáng)調(diào)天生的才能,尤其是在藝術(shù)方面:
“There is no substitute for talent. Industry and all the virtues are of no avail”
(Aldous Huxley)。
“勤奮及其他的品質(zhì)都不能彌補(bǔ)天分的不足” (阿爾多斯。赫胥黎)。
Skill stresses ability that is acquired or developed through experience:
Skill 強(qiáng)調(diào)由經(jīng)驗(yàn)而獲得或發(fā)展的能力:
“The intellect,character and skill possessed by any man are the product of certain original tendencies and the training which they have received”
(Edward L. Thorndike)。
“任何人的知識(shí)、性格和能力都是由起初的興趣加上后來(lái)接受的訓(xùn)練而得到的。”(愛(ài)德華L.桑戴克)。
Competence suggests the ability to do something satisfactorily but not necessarily outstandingly well:
Competence 指能做到使人滿(mǎn)意但并不一定特別出眾的能力:
The concerto was performed by a violinist of unquestioned competence but limited imagination.
小提琴家所演奏的協(xié)奏曲毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)是出色的,但是缺乏想像力。
Aptitude implies inherent capacity for learning,understanding,or performing:
Aptitude 暗指內(nèi)在的學(xué)習(xí)、理解和表演的才能:
Even as a child he showed an unusual aptitude for mathematics.
甚至孩童時(shí)他就顯露出非同一般的數(shù)學(xué)才能
形容詞 complete 和 perfect 雖然都有“完全的”含義,但并非同義詞,在許多情況下它們只是詞義相近而已。
complete 的含義是“完整無(wú)缺的”、“圓滿(mǎn)的”
He is a complete stranger to me.
我一點(diǎn)也不認(rèn)識(shí)他。(可以和 perfect 換用)
Before long,the noise dropped completely
不久,那轟鳴聲就完全消失了。
perfect 不僅可表示“完整無(wú)缺”、“完全”或“純粹”,而且含有“完美無(wú)缺”、“勻稱(chēng)”或“健全”的含義,總之它可以表示“盡善盡美”。由上可見(jiàn),perfect 可以表示 complete 的含義,而 complete 只能表示 perfect 的一部分含義。 但是,a complete stranger 和 a perfect stranger 沒(méi)有什么差異,complete happiness 和 perfect happiness 都表示了“美滿(mǎn)的幸?!?。
But as they soon discovered,disguises can sometimes be too per fect.
正象他們不久就發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣,化裝效果有時(shí)可能太完美無(wú)缺了。
It is a perfect alibi.
這完全是在開(kāi)脫罪責(zé)。
It's a perfect stranger here.
我在這里完全是個(gè)陌生人。(可以換用 complete)
注:perfect 的同義詞有 whole,entire; complete 的同義詞有 full,plenary.
complete,close,end,finish,conclude,terminate
These verbs mean to bring or to come to a natural or proper stopping point.
這些動(dòng)詞都是指達(dá)到一個(gè)自然或適當(dāng)?shù)慕K點(diǎn)。
Complete suggests the final stage in bringing an undertaking to fruition:
Complete 暗指取得成功的最后一步:
“Nothing worth doing is completed in our lifetime” (Reinhold Niebuhr)。
“我們這輩子連一件有意義的事也沒(méi)完成” (萊因霍爾德。尼泊赫)。
Close applies to the ending of something ongoing or continuing:
Close 指正在進(jìn)行的事件接近終點(diǎn):
The orchestra closed the concert with an encore.
交響樂(lè)團(tuán)在再來(lái)一次的歡呼聲中結(jié)束了音樂(lè)會(huì)。
If there is a further falloff in ticket sales,the play will close.
如果門(mén)票銷(xiāo)售進(jìn)一步下跌,這個(gè)劇目就會(huì)停演。
End emphasizes finality:
End 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果:
We ended the meal with fruit and cheese.
我們最后吃的是水果和奶酪。
“Where laws end,tyranny begins” (William Pitt)。
“哪里沒(méi)有法制,*就從哪里開(kāi)始” (威廉姆。皮特)。
Finish is sometimes interchangeable with complete:
Finish 有時(shí)可與complete互換:
close 比較普通,有時(shí)可以和shut互換使用,但它更強(qiáng)調(diào)“不讓某人或某物進(jìn)入或通過(guò)”的意思,有時(shí)有“不接納”的意思,但通常表示“關(guān)閉”這一動(dòng)作
It's Sunday,so all the shops are closed.
今天是星期天,所以這些店鋪都關(guān)門(mén)了。
I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.
我肯定沒(méi)有辦法再把箱子關(guān)上了。
shut 與 close 的含義差別在于,shut僅表示“關(guān)閉”之狀態(tài),不包含“不讓進(jìn)入”或“不接納”的意思
As soon as he opens the gate from the outside,he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts.
它一旦從外面把門(mén)打開(kāi),便走進(jìn)園子里等著關(guān)門(mén)。
在某些習(xí)語(yǔ)中,只有 shut 而不用close.
Shut up!
住口!
He found every road to the accomplishment of his desire shut against him.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)通向?qū)崿F(xiàn)自己愿望的所有道路都被堵死了。
He shut his eyes to the severs reality.
對(duì)于這嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí),他是閉著眼睛不肯看的。
accompany attend escort convoy
意思都含“與人結(jié)伴同行”或“伴隨某物”。
accompany 指“與人結(jié)伴,做伴”,常含有彼此之間關(guān)系平等之意,如:
He -nied her to the theater.
他陪她去劇院。
attend 意為“隨侍”、“隨從” 等解,如:
Some students attended Prof. Jones on a field trip.
一些學(xué)生隨瓊斯教授去野外郊游。
escort 和 convoy 意為“以警衛(wèi)等身份陪伴”,如:
This merchant ship was convoyed by a destroyer.
這艘商船由一驅(qū)逐艦護(hù)航。
escort 還指禮節(jié)上的“尊重或獻(xiàn)殷勤”,如:
He escorted a lady to a party.
他陪一位女士赴宴。
accurate correct exact
均含“正確的”意思。
accurate 表示“準(zhǔn)確的”,精確的“,指”通過(guò)努力,使事情達(dá)到正確“,如:
She gave an accurate account of the accident.
她對(duì)事故做了準(zhǔn)確的描述。
correct 為一般用語(yǔ),指“正確的”,如:
He gave correct answers to the questions.
他對(duì)這些問(wèn)題提出了正確的答案。
exact 表示“確切的”,“精確無(wú)誤的”,指“與事實(shí)完全相符”,如:
His answer is quite exact.
他的回答完全正確。
enough,sufficient,adequate這三個(gè)詞都表示“足夠的”或“充分的”。其中只有enough可以用作副詞或名詞,含義仍為“足夠的”。
enough和sufficient在含義上幾乎沒(méi)有差異,只是enough的用法較多,這兩個(gè)詞都表示“完全滿(mǎn)足需要,而且既不多余,也不缺少”。
adequate雖然也表示“足夠的”、“充分的”,但是和另二詞之間有著比較明顯的細(xì)微差異,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞的內(nèi)涵是:對(duì)于必不可少的東西在數(shù)量上應(yīng)當(dāng)是合理的、公平的或不苛刻的。+
Five men will be quite enough (or sufficient)。這句話(huà)說(shuō)的是:5個(gè)人就十分充足了,再多給一個(gè)人就沒(méi)有必要了
His wages are adequate to support three people. 這句話(huà)說(shuō)的是:他的工資夠養(yǎng)活3個(gè)人的。即這些錢(qián)養(yǎng)活3個(gè)人夠得上一般生活水平,并不苛刻??梢?jiàn)其差異非常細(xì)微。詞義差別越細(xì)微,表意越準(zhǔn)確。
例如:“我為他干了3小時(shí)的活,他付給我20英鎊。我覺(jué)得那20英鎊的工錢(qián)是足夠了的”。這兩句話(huà)在英譯時(shí),其中的“足夠的”必須用adequate,因?yàn)檫@里說(shuō)的“足夠”包含了“公平、合理”的意思。故這兩句可譯為:I worked for him three hours,and he paid me 20 pounds. I think the 20 pounds are adequate for my work. 此外,應(yīng)注意下面例句中enough的各種用法。
I like to be a professional singer,but I don't think I have a good enough voice.
我想當(dāng)個(gè)職業(yè)歌唱家,但是我覺(jué)得我的嗓子不夠好。
A day may begin well enough,but suddenly everything seems to get out of control.
一天的開(kāi)端可能好得很,但突然一切似乎都失去了控制。
The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards,as well as in line of its course are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficent sustenance and progress.
沿著船壁向上引導(dǎo)的以及與航行方向一致的氣流足以給這種長(zhǎng)有特大翅膀的大鳥(niǎo)以充分的支撐力和前進(jìn)力。
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another,but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.
我們的牧師老是為這事或那事籌募款項(xiàng),但是從來(lái)也沒(méi)能募集到足夠把教堂大鐘修復(fù)起來(lái)的錢(qián)。
The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function,and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer,who must buy,not the thing he desires but the thingthe English Gentleman wants to sell. He attends inadequately to technological development.
向社會(huì)提出的問(wèn)題,與其說(shuō)是這號(hào)人的德行問(wèn)題,毋寧說(shuō)是他們是否能勝任其職責(zé)的問(wèn)題,于是便出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的困難。他們不肯充分考慮顧客的需要,顧客不得不買(mǎi)的不是自己想要買(mǎi)的東西,而是英國(guó)紳士所要賣(mài)的。他們對(duì)技術(shù)的發(fā)展并不給予充分的注意。
The majority of the patients attending the medical outpatients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine,abox of pills,or a small jar of ointment,…
在醫(yī)院門(mén)診部就醫(yī)的大多數(shù)病人認(rèn)為,如果他們不能帶一些實(shí)實(shí)在在的藥物,如一瓶藥水、一盒藥丸、一小瓶藥膏回家的話(huà),他們就沒(méi)得到充分的治療……
enough sufficient adequate
意思都含“充分的”、“足夠的”。
enough 系常用詞,??膳c sufficient 互換,它除表示“足以滿(mǎn)足需要的”外,還含有“數(shù)量很多使人感到心滿(mǎn)意足的”的意思,如:
We have enough money to spend.
我們有足夠的錢(qián)花。
sufficient 用于正式文體中,指“分量或數(shù)量足以滿(mǎn)足需要的”,如:
The food is sufficient for a week.
食物足夠一周用。
adequate 指“足夠符合特定(有時(shí)可指最低)的資格、分量、才能等”著重“符合一個(gè)客觀要求或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的”,如:
To be healthy one must have an adequate diet.
一個(gè)人想要健康,必須有足夠的規(guī)定飲食。
advance promote progress proceed
都含有“前進(jìn)”的意思。
advance 指“向某一目標(biāo)或方向前進(jìn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)或效果,并常強(qiáng)調(diào)前進(jìn)的終點(diǎn)”,如:
Our soldiers advanced bravely against the enemy.
我們的士兵勇敢地向敵人挺進(jìn)。
promote 作“提升”解時(shí)可與advance 通用; 它強(qiáng)調(diào)“促使某種事業(yè)向前發(fā)展以達(dá)到預(yù)期的結(jié)果,并側(cè)重于對(duì)該人或事物(尤指公開(kāi)性質(zhì))的贊助和鼓勵(lì)”,如:
John was promoted [advanced] from a clerk to a manager.
約翰由職員晉升為經(jīng)理。
A sound forest economy promotes the prosperity of agriculture and rural life.
完善的森林經(jīng)濟(jì)可以促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村生活的興旺與繁榮。
progress 則指“穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)常的進(jìn)步”,這種進(jìn)步可能有間隔,常用于抽象事物,如:
Our research work is progressing steadily.
我們的研究工作正在穩(wěn)步地取得進(jìn)展。
proceed 多指“繼續(xù)前進(jìn)”,如:
This being done,let's proceed to the next.
這項(xiàng)工作已做完了,讓我們干下一個(gè)
business commerce trade profession occupation
的含義都與“職業(yè)”、“生意”有關(guān)business 是常用語(yǔ),含義很廣,通常指“生意”、“行業(yè)”,表示“為圖利(常指為個(gè)人謀利)而做的工作”,如:
do business with many countries
與許多國(guó)家做生意。
commerce 多指“商品交易”,特指“國(guó)與國(guó)之間的商業(yè)往來(lái)”,如:
international commerce
國(guó)際貿(mào)易 trade指“買(mǎi)賣(mài)或貨物交換”,常用于“國(guó)內(nèi)外之間的交易”,也指“行業(yè)”,特別是“手工業(yè)”,如:War affects trade.
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)影響貿(mào)易。
profession 指“需受過(guò)特殊教育和訓(xùn)練的腦力勞動(dòng)者的職業(yè)”,如:
He is a doctor by profession.
他的職業(yè)是醫(yī)生。
occupation 指訓(xùn)練有素的“某人經(jīng)常從事的工作或做工作,但它不強(qiáng)調(diào)某人此時(shí)此地是否仍作此工作或者領(lǐng)工資與否,如:
He has no fixed occupation.
他沒(méi)有固定職業(yè)。
occurrence event incident
都含“事件”的意思。
occurrence系常用詞,指“任何發(fā)生的事件”,如:
an unforeseenoccurrence
預(yù)料不到的事。
event 指“有重要意義的歷史事件”、“重大事件”,如:
Graduation from university is an event in life.
大學(xué)畢業(yè)是人生中的大事。
incident指“事件”,尤指“比較不重要的小事件”,如:
an ordinary incident
普通小事。
matter,affair,thing,concern,business這組名詞都有“事情”的意思。
matter 所表示的“事情”在含意上比較模糊,通常指客觀存在的或有待處理的問(wèn)題
Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.
荒涼地區(qū)的教育不是錢(qián)財(cái)問(wèn)題。
affair 以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),通常指一般的“事情”,而以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時(shí),通常指重大的“事情”。不管單、復(fù)數(shù)這個(gè)詞所表示的“事情”都包含著“在進(jìn)行中”、“處在過(guò)程中”或“交易、交往”的意思。
Having found out that his wife had an affair with another man,the poor man wanted to kill himself.
那個(gè)可憐的男人由于發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子與另一個(gè)男子有私情而想自殺。
Convenience is,however,in all affairs of life,an execrable test of value.
然而,在生活的一切事務(wù)中投合是可惡的實(shí)用準(zhǔn)則。
thing 在含義上比 matter 還要模糊,有時(shí)為了含糊其詞而有意用 thing.如:I hope things'll be better in the future.
The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard.
最為嚇人的事情是一點(diǎn)聲音也聽(tīng)不到。
business 所表示的“事情”或“事務(wù)”多與“職務(wù)”有關(guān),有時(shí)這個(gè)詞指強(qiáng)加的“任務(wù)”??谡Z(yǔ)中的“None of your business!”(這不是你的事!)以及“Mind your own business!”(多管閑事!),很能說(shuō)明 business 的這種含義
Be that as it may,the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.
盡管如此,神經(jīng)毒液毒殺人類(lèi)比血毒液快得多。
如果想表示個(gè)人的或者與個(gè)人有直接關(guān)系的“事情”,用 concern,這與concern 在用作動(dòng)詞所表示的“關(guān)心”有聯(lián)系
It's no concern of mine.
這不關(guān)我的事。
affect,influence,touch,impress,sway,move動(dòng)詞的一般含義為使人或能作出反應(yīng)的物產(chǎn)生或受到影響。
affect 的賓語(yǔ)是物時(shí),它包含著足以引起反應(yīng)的刺激,有時(shí)包含一定的改變。
The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health
天氣稍有變化就會(huì)影響她那脆弱而嬌嫩的身體。
當(dāng)affect的賓語(yǔ)是人時(shí),它表示引起心智上或感情上的影響,即感動(dòng)
He was in no way affected by their misery.
他們的慘狀一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)打動(dòng)他的心。
We are lucky in that only the lower fields,which make up a very small proportion of our farm,are affected by flooding,…
我們的運(yùn)氣好,因?yàn)橹挥姓嘉覀冝r(nóng)場(chǎng)極少部分的較低的田地受到洪水的影響。
influence 所表示的影響包含著“力量”,比如“他是個(gè)有影響的人物”。有時(shí)它包含著“誘使”的意思。
They,having first persuaded themselves,contrive to influence their neighbours.
他們首先自己信服了之后,便設(shè)法誘使鄰居
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisments.
誰(shuí)也不能避免受到廣告的影響。
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been neglected.
在工業(yè)生活的組織中,工廠對(duì)工人的生理和心理狀態(tài)上的影響完全被忽視了。
touch 所表示的“感動(dòng)”有些象漢語(yǔ)的“感觸”,它總含有密切接觸的意思。此外,touch在表示使人或物受到影響或感動(dòng)時(shí),總有如下的內(nèi)涵:激發(fā)、攪起、傷害等等。
I do not wish to do anything which may touch your credit
我不想做任何會(huì)影響你的榮譽(yù)的事情。
Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility. …
如果父母意識(shí)到孩子通常多么相信父母的品格和父母的絕對(duì)正確,他們會(huì)大大震驚和深深被感動(dòng)的……
impress 通常用于表示深受“感動(dòng)”,而且把所看到的東西,銘記在心。
but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.……
但是我掩蓋不了這一事實(shí),那些鉆石之大給我留下了深刻的印象。
sway 的原義同上
pretend feign assume affect
都含“假裝”的意思。
pretend 指“感覺(jué)到某事,而在言行上裝出是真的”,如:
pretend not to hear
假裝沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。
feign 指“精心裝有或裝作”,如:
feign deafness
裝聾。
assume 指“裝出有某種感情的樣子,以掩飾其真正的感情”,如:
She assumed a look of sorrow.
她假裝著悲傷的樣子。
affect 指“為達(dá)到某種效果而假裝有某種特征或情感”,如:
affect a British accent
裝英國(guó)腔affect effect influence
作為動(dòng)詞,都含“影響”的意思。
affect 指“產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)”,著重“影響”的動(dòng)作,有時(shí)含有“對(duì)……產(chǎn)生不利影響”的意思,如:
This article will affect my thinking.
這篇文章將會(huì)影響我的思想。
effect 指“實(shí)現(xiàn)”、“達(dá)成”,著重“造成”一種特殊的效果,如:
This book effected a change in my opinion.
這本書(shū)使我的看法起了變化。
influence 指“通過(guò)說(shuō)服、舉例等對(duì)行動(dòng)、思想、性格等產(chǎn)生不易覺(jué)察到的,潛移默化的影響”,如:
Influenced by a high-school biology teacher,he took up the study of medicine.
在一位中學(xué)生物教師的影響下,他從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究。
give grant present confer
都含“給”的意思。
give 系常用詞,指“給予”、“授予”、“贈(zèng)送”、“提供”等,如:
I gave him a book.
我給他一本書(shū)。
另外它還有引伸意義,如:
A clock gives time.
鐘報(bào)時(shí)。
grant 指“上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)的賜予或答應(yīng)給什么”,如:
grant a pension
賜予養(yǎng)老金。
present 指“正式地給”,即“贈(zèng)給”,并且所贈(zèng)之物有一定價(jià)值,如:
He presented the school with a library.
他向?qū)W校贈(zèng)建了一個(gè)圖書(shū)館。
confer指“經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)授予(學(xué)位、稱(chēng)號(hào)等)”,如:
confer knighthood
授于爵士。
yield submit
都含有“讓步”、“屈服”的意思。