2017年托福閱讀長難句分析:美洲冶金技術(shù)

字號(hào):


    22. Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron. (TPO 7 Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples)
    1托福閱讀長難句句子分析
    本句的主句是Africans had iron from a relatively early date,句首出現(xiàn)unlike...提示了比較關(guān)系,這里是美洲與非洲作比較,在Americas之后有where引導(dǎo)的定語從句作修飾。而主句之后的developing ingenious furnaces則是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。本句還有兩個(gè)不定式結(jié)構(gòu),分別是to produce the high heat和to control the amount of air,它們是前面furnaces的補(bǔ)語。句末that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾前面的the amount of air。
    2托福閱讀長難句詞匯總結(jié)
    metallurgy指的是“冶金術(shù)”。
    ingenious表示“巧妙的“,比如:an ingenious way of making money 賺錢的妙法,an ingenious gadget 巧妙的小玩意,本句ingenious furnaces指的是“精巧的熔爐”。大家還要記下它的名詞ingenuity,表示“心靈手巧;足智多謀”。
    3托福閱讀長難句句子翻譯
    美洲的冶金技術(shù)發(fā)展得非常晚,而且有限。而非洲人則完全不同,他們從相對(duì)較早的時(shí)期開始就有了鐵,并制造出了精巧的熔爐來產(chǎn)生冶金所需要的高溫,熔爐還能控制與碳和鐵礦石接觸的空氣用量以滿足冶金的需要。