時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(二)
語態(tài)的種類：
1. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。
2. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。
被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：Be + V-過分(+by…)
常用的時(shí)態(tài)共有八種，形式如下：
|
時(shí)態(tài) |
被動語態(tài) |
|
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) |
am/is/are+過去分詞 |
|
一般過去時(shí) |
was/were+過去分詞 |
|
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) |
am/is/are being+過去分詞 |
|
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) |
was/were being+過去分詞 |
|
一般將來時(shí) |
will be+過去分詞 |
|
過去將來時(shí) |
would be+過去分詞 |
|
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) |
have/has been+過去分詞 |
|
過去完成時(shí) |
had been+過去分詞 |
|
情態(tài)動詞 |
情態(tài)動詞be+過去分詞 |
被動語態(tài)各時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成：
1. Trees are planted every year.
2. The road is being repaired.
3. The work has been finished.
4. The story was told by him.
Many birds were killed last year.
5. The new house was being painted when I got home.
6. He told me that the work had been finished.
7. The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
8. He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.
9. The problem must be solved soon.
Children should be taught to love animals.
被動語態(tài)的用法：
A. 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。This watch is made in China.
B. 沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。More trees must be planted every year.
C. 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時(shí)。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. (強(qiáng)調(diào)漢語使用的廣泛)
My bike was stolen last night.
D. 句子的主語不是人。
Many houses were washed away by the flood.
主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳渌裱?個(gè)步驟：
1、把原主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z
2、把動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问郊碽e +過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。
3、原主動句的主語如需要則放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)(注代詞的賓格)，如不需要則可省略。
4、其它的成分(定語、狀語)不變。
1. Some people attacked the towers.
2. A car knocked him down yesterday.
3. Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.
4 .When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree.
5. We’ll put on the play next Sunday.
6 .Workers are building a new teaching building in our school.
7. They had completed the railway by the end of last year.
8. We should protect the earth.
9. You need to paint the wall.(need +doing)
10. My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday.(give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb)
如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)，直接賓語(物)作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
11. We often hear him play the guitar. (see make hear)
make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
We should take care of the old people .
(動詞短語變被動)
一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時(shí)，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
We can’t laugh at him.→He can’t be laughed at by us.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man.→The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
題一：Dad, the phone is ringing, I guess either you or mum _______on the phone.
A. is wanted B. are wanted C. wants D. want
題二：Look! A big modern building ___ in our city.
A. is built B. is being built C. has been built D. is building
題三：Your bike can’t ______ there.
A. be put B. is put C. be putted D. putted
題四：Mary is always pleased _______ at the party.
A. to invite to sing B. to invite singing C. to be invited to sing D. to be invited singing
題五：______ trees usually _______ in April?
A. Have, planted B. Are, planted C. Have, been planted D. Do, planted
題六：When we got there, the road _______.
A. is being repaired B. was being repaired C. has been repaired D. was repaired
題七：My room _______ tomorrow.
A. is cleaned B. be cleaned C. will be cleaned D. is cleaning
題八：Old people must________.
A. be spoken to politely B. speak to polite C. be spoken politely D. speak polite
題九：My watch doesn’t work, I must have it____.
A. repairs B. repair C. repaired D. repairing
題十：The window of our house _____ once a week.
A. have been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning
時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(下)： 講義參考答案
題一：A 題二：B 題三：A 題四：C 題五：B 題六：B 題七：C 題八：A 題九：C 題十：B