Lesson30 Football or polo？
課文內(nèi)容：
The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday,so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly,one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat， but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children,but there weren‘t any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.
語(yǔ)法歸納：定冠詞the的用法
一句話總結(jié)：定冠詞the可用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前表示特指。
用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物和江、河、海洋、山等，如：the earth 地球 the moon 月亮 the Yellow River 黃河 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 the Rocky Mountains 落基山脈
特別注意：在海島、山峰、湖泊前不用冠詞，如：Lake Honghu 洪湖 Hainan Island 海南島
2)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞：the People’s Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó) Ae United States of America 美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó) the New York Times 紐約時(shí)報(bào) the Palace Museum故宮博物館 the British Broadcasting Corporation 英國(guó)廣播公司
3)在樂(lè)器前面要加定冠詞：play the violin 拉小提琴 play the piano 洋鋼琴 play the drum 敲鼓
4)用在部分形容詞前表示特有的一類人：the strong 強(qiáng)者the sick 病人 the ugly丑陋的人 the poor窮人 the stupid 傻子 the wise 聰明人
5)用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞髙級(jí)前
逐句精講：
1. The Wayle Is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.
烕爾河是條橫穿我家附近公園的一條小河。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 本句中that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾river。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 small”小的”，常用于以下短語(yǔ)：feel small感到慚愧 speak small低聲說(shuō)話 small potato 小人物 small years 小時(shí)候small talk 閑聊small nature 小心眼
比較學(xué)習(xí)：small, little, diminutive, minute, tiny
1) small指面積、體積等小的，如：
This suit is too small for my father.這件西裝我父親穿著太小了。，
2) little指具體人或物小時(shí)，常有贊賞、愛憐等感情色彩，如：
Mary is a smart little girl.瑪麗是一個(gè)聰明的小姑娘。
3) diminutive指較通常來(lái)說(shuō)為小的，有時(shí)指很小的，如：
My grandmother’s feet are diminutive.我奶奶的腳長(zhǎng)得很小.
4) minute指微小的，如：
a minute observer 一位細(xì)心的觀察者
5) tiny指極小的，如：
In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns…are placed into the water when the festival is over.在濱海城鎮(zhèn)中，這些小燈籠在節(jié)后就放在了水里。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 cut across = cut through 橫穿
2. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.
我喜歡在天氣明朗的下午到河邊坐坐。
like “喜歡，愛好”，常見的用法如下：
1) like sth./to do/doing 喜歡(做)
I like lobster but it does not like me.我喜歡吃龍蝦，但它不宜于我的健康。
He likes swimming.他喜歡游泳。
I don’t like to bother you.我不想打擾你。
2) should / would like 想，希望
1 should like to stay in bed.我想躺在床上。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 by和beside作“在……旁邊”講時(shí)有細(xì)微的區(qū)別：beside多用于靠近某人，而by多用于靠近某物。
Please sit beside your brother.請(qǐng)坐在你弟弟旁邊。
I am standing by the desk.我站在桌子旁。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 fine afternoons晴朗的下午
表達(dá)“晴朗的”的詞匯：fine, fair, serene, sunny, sunshiny
3. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
上星期日很暖和，我和往常一樣又去河邊坐著：
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 這是一個(gè)由so連接的并列句，請(qǐng)參考Lesson 25。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 as usual = as per usual和往常一樣
4. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在劃船。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 本句為and連接的并列句，兩個(gè)分句前后呼應(yīng)。例：
A couple of students are reading books in the classroom and there are several workers digging road on the street.
三兩個(gè)學(xué)生正在教室里讀書，外面有幾個(gè)工人在街上枕路。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。有兩種特例情況some可用在疑問(wèn)句中代替any：
1) 表達(dá)希望知道時(shí)：
Could you give me some water ? 你能給我點(diǎn)水喝嗎?
2) 表達(dá)熱情邀請(qǐng)時(shí)：
Would you like some apples ? 你想不想吃點(diǎn)蘋果?
5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a bail very hard and it went towards a passing boat.
突然，一個(gè)小孩猛踢了一腳球，球便向著一只劃過(guò)來(lái)的小船飛去。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 suddenly = abruptly突然地，唐突地(多用于書面語(yǔ)中)
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 one of the children作主語(yǔ)，這是“ one of+范圍”表示“其中之一”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 passing在此為現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)。
6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.
河岸上的一些人對(duì)著小船上的人高喊，但他沒(méi)有聽到。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 on the bank修飾people, in the boat修飾man,類似的介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)均起限定修飾 作用。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 call out to朝……大聲叫喊
7. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
球重重地砸在他的身上，使他差點(diǎn)兒落入水中。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 fell v.跌落，倒下(過(guò)去式fell,過(guò)去分詞fallen)
fell n.秋天(美式英語(yǔ));autumn n.秋天(英式英語(yǔ))
falls = waterfall n.瀑布 Niagara Falls尼亞加拉大瀑布
相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：fall ill 病倒 fall in love 陷入愛河
諺語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)：A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 ...that he nearly fell into the water.這是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
8. I turned to look at the children, but there weren‘t any in sight: they had all run away!
我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭去看那些孩子，但一個(gè)也不見，他們?nèi)寂芰?
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 sb. be in sight.某人在視線里→可以看到某人sb. be not in sight.某人不在視線里→看不到某人
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 turned to look at轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去看，turned為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容一般為解釋說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容。
9. The man laughed when he realized what had happened.
當(dāng)那個(gè)人明白了發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，笑了起來(lái)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) 本句中when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中又包含一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句：what had happened 為 realized 的賓語(yǔ)。
課文內(nèi)容：
The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday,so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly,one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat， but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children,but there weren‘t any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.
語(yǔ)法歸納：定冠詞the的用法
一句話總結(jié)：定冠詞the可用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前表示特指。
用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物和江、河、海洋、山等，如：the earth 地球 the moon 月亮 the Yellow River 黃河 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 the Rocky Mountains 落基山脈
特別注意：在海島、山峰、湖泊前不用冠詞，如：Lake Honghu 洪湖 Hainan Island 海南島
2)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞：the People’s Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó) Ae United States of America 美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó) the New York Times 紐約時(shí)報(bào) the Palace Museum故宮博物館 the British Broadcasting Corporation 英國(guó)廣播公司
3)在樂(lè)器前面要加定冠詞：play the violin 拉小提琴 play the piano 洋鋼琴 play the drum 敲鼓
4)用在部分形容詞前表示特有的一類人：the strong 強(qiáng)者the sick 病人 the ugly丑陋的人 the poor窮人 the stupid 傻子 the wise 聰明人
5)用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞髙級(jí)前
逐句精講：
1. The Wayle Is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.
烕爾河是條橫穿我家附近公園的一條小河。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 本句中that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾river。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 small”小的”，常用于以下短語(yǔ)：feel small感到慚愧 speak small低聲說(shuō)話 small potato 小人物 small years 小時(shí)候small talk 閑聊small nature 小心眼
比較學(xué)習(xí)：small, little, diminutive, minute, tiny
1) small指面積、體積等小的，如：
This suit is too small for my father.這件西裝我父親穿著太小了。，
2) little指具體人或物小時(shí)，常有贊賞、愛憐等感情色彩，如：
Mary is a smart little girl.瑪麗是一個(gè)聰明的小姑娘。
3) diminutive指較通常來(lái)說(shuō)為小的，有時(shí)指很小的，如：
My grandmother’s feet are diminutive.我奶奶的腳長(zhǎng)得很小.
4) minute指微小的，如：
a minute observer 一位細(xì)心的觀察者
5) tiny指極小的，如：
In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns…are placed into the water when the festival is over.在濱海城鎮(zhèn)中，這些小燈籠在節(jié)后就放在了水里。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 cut across = cut through 橫穿
2. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.
我喜歡在天氣明朗的下午到河邊坐坐。
like “喜歡，愛好”，常見的用法如下：
1) like sth./to do/doing 喜歡(做)
I like lobster but it does not like me.我喜歡吃龍蝦，但它不宜于我的健康。
He likes swimming.他喜歡游泳。
I don’t like to bother you.我不想打擾你。
2) should / would like 想，希望
1 should like to stay in bed.我想躺在床上。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 by和beside作“在……旁邊”講時(shí)有細(xì)微的區(qū)別：beside多用于靠近某人，而by多用于靠近某物。
Please sit beside your brother.請(qǐng)坐在你弟弟旁邊。
I am standing by the desk.我站在桌子旁。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 fine afternoons晴朗的下午
表達(dá)“晴朗的”的詞匯：fine, fair, serene, sunny, sunshiny
3. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
上星期日很暖和，我和往常一樣又去河邊坐著：
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 這是一個(gè)由so連接的并列句，請(qǐng)參考Lesson 25。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 as usual = as per usual和往常一樣
4. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍，河面上有些人正在劃船。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 本句為and連接的并列句，兩個(gè)分句前后呼應(yīng)。例：
A couple of students are reading books in the classroom and there are several workers digging road on the street.
三兩個(gè)學(xué)生正在教室里讀書，外面有幾個(gè)工人在街上枕路。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。有兩種特例情況some可用在疑問(wèn)句中代替any：
1) 表達(dá)希望知道時(shí)：
Could you give me some water ? 你能給我點(diǎn)水喝嗎?
2) 表達(dá)熱情邀請(qǐng)時(shí)：
Would you like some apples ? 你想不想吃點(diǎn)蘋果?
5. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a bail very hard and it went towards a passing boat.
突然，一個(gè)小孩猛踢了一腳球，球便向著一只劃過(guò)來(lái)的小船飛去。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 suddenly = abruptly突然地，唐突地(多用于書面語(yǔ)中)
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 one of the children作主語(yǔ)，這是“ one of+范圍”表示“其中之一”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 passing在此為現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)。
6. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.
河岸上的一些人對(duì)著小船上的人高喊，但他沒(méi)有聽到。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 on the bank修飾people, in the boat修飾man,類似的介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)均起限定修飾 作用。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 call out to朝……大聲叫喊
7. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
球重重地砸在他的身上，使他差點(diǎn)兒落入水中。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 fell v.跌落，倒下(過(guò)去式fell,過(guò)去分詞fallen)
fell n.秋天(美式英語(yǔ));autumn n.秋天(英式英語(yǔ))
falls = waterfall n.瀑布 Niagara Falls尼亞加拉大瀑布
相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：fall ill 病倒 fall in love 陷入愛河
諺語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)：A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 ...that he nearly fell into the water.這是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
8. I turned to look at the children, but there weren‘t any in sight: they had all run away!
我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭去看那些孩子，但一個(gè)也不見，他們?nèi)寂芰?
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)1 sb. be in sight.某人在視線里→可以看到某人sb. be not in sight.某人不在視線里→看不到某人
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)2 turned to look at轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去看，turned為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)3 冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容一般為解釋說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容。
9. The man laughed when he realized what had happened.
當(dāng)那個(gè)人明白了發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，笑了起來(lái)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) 本句中when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中又包含一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句：what had happened 為 realized 的賓語(yǔ)。