新概念英語第二冊(cè)語法精粹:名詞性從句(3)賓語從句

字號(hào):

(三)賓語從句:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語。
    1. that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)無含義,不充當(dāng)成分,常省略。
    ★that不引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句,至于except that, in that, save that, but that等是復(fù)合從屬連詞。
    I know (that) you have met him.
    Let's suppose that one day this happens to you.
    ★在及物動(dòng)詞和賓語從句之間常有間接賓語(指人)。例如:
    I told him (that) he was wrong.
    ★在少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如:think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, calculate, fancy, reckon, be supposed , seem, appear, feel as if, look as if, look like等后面的從句中的否定詞經(jīng)常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語動(dòng)詞上,這叫否定前置/否定轉(zhuǎn)移。(hope“希望”, guess“認(rèn)為”后的賓語從句否定不前置。I hope not.“我希望不是那樣的”,是I hope so.的否定式。I don't hope so.是對(duì)hope的否定:“我不希望如此”。)如:
    I don't think it will be very cold today.
    I don't think you are right.
    I don't believe he has finished his work.
    注意:
    ①非必須否定轉(zhuǎn)移。若需要強(qiáng)調(diào)從句的否定時(shí)就不作轉(zhuǎn)移。
    ②不可把所有可否定轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞的否定句都理解為否定賓語從句,要根據(jù)句意或語境而定。
    I don't think diplomacy is a field for private enterprise.
    We didn't think we'd be this late.
    ③當(dāng)think用在疑問句中,或主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與狀語連用,或主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞被do強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
    Why do you think we can't change your note?
    I do believe Tom never tells a lie.
    They still didn't believe that the food would come.
    I can't believe that they are married.
    ④否定轉(zhuǎn)移多用在主句動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況。
    主句動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),或主句動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用,就不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。此時(shí)若主句動(dòng)詞為否定,應(yīng)考慮是否是對(duì)主句動(dòng)詞的否定。
    I had thought that he would not come.
    我已經(jīng)想到了他不能來了。
    ⑤當(dāng)賓語從句中有no, never, hardly, not at all, not a bit, not...enough, can't help doing等時(shí)不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。
    I think I can't help laughing if I see it.
    I believe he never tells a lie.
    ▲許多帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子要用it作形式賓語,而把賓語從句置于句尾。
    We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.
    We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance.
    2. whether, if引導(dǎo)賓語從句:表示“是否”可互換,口語中常用if。
    He asked if she would come.
    注意下列情況下whether不可用if換:
    1)引導(dǎo)主語從句置于句首時(shí)。
    2)whether后沒有單詞間隔而直接跟or not時(shí)。
    I don't know whether or not he will come.
    3) whether從句作介詞賓語時(shí)。
    They are talking about whether he will win the game.
    Everything depends on whether you agree with us.
    4)whether后接不定式時(shí)。
    I don't know whether to attend the meeting.
    5)動(dòng)詞discuss, decide的賓語從句時(shí)。
    3. 連接代詞what, who, whose等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
    Tell me what you want.
    Do you know who will come at the meeting?
    注意:who, whom按照傳統(tǒng)語法,從句中who所取代的名詞如果是賓語應(yīng)用賓格whom,但在口語中常用who,如:
    Do you know whom (who) he will invite?
    ①whose, which, what三個(gè)詞都帶有形容詞性質(zhì)。whose表示所有,意為“誰的”;which意為“哪一個(gè)”,what意為“什么”。如:
    Whose book it is not important.
    Please tell me which school you want to go.
    He didn't know what time it was.
    ②一般說來,which指的是在一個(gè)具體的、較明確的、有限的、較小范圍;而what則指較廣的或不明確的范圍。如:which food,說話人一般指眼前的或明確范圍的幾種food;what food則指許多food,而且說話人心中沒有數(shù)。
    I don't know which / what food you want.
    如果范圍較大或者沒有什么范圍,用what food。
    4. 連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
    I don't know when the meeting will be held.
    Please tell me where I can find Tom.
    He explained to me why he was absent from the meeting.
    Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
    5. 可用whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
    Please write down whatever he is saying.
    I don't know whoever will come.
    I'll do whatever you ask me to.
    6. 表示愛憎情感的動(dòng)詞,如:enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, don't mind, resent, appreciate(感激)等以及某些介詞結(jié)尾的短語動(dòng)詞如:count on, depend on, rely on, see to, look forward to, be fond of, feel like, see to等后,即使沒有賓補(bǔ)也要先接形式賓語it,再接賓語從句。
    I like it when she smiles at me.
    I love it when you sing.
    I hate it if I am spoken to loudly in public.
    ★除了but, besides, except, in, save, beyond六個(gè)介詞后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句外,其他介詞都不能。in that是“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?,其余五個(gè)與that搭配都是“除了……”。
    專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練:
    1、Do you know how much hot water ______?
    A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need
    2、Can you tell me ______?
    A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he
    3、I didn't know how ______ to London?
    A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going
    4、I want to know how long ______.
    A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back
    5、Do you know ______?
    A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news
    6、He said he would help me with my maths if he ______ free.
    A.was B.will be C.would be D.is
    7、He will write to you as soon as he ______ to Shanghai.
    A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get
    8、Father ______ music when he ______ young
    A.liked…was B.liked…is C.likes…was D.likes…is
    9、I liked sports ______ I was young.
    A.so much as B.so much that C.very much when D.very much because
    10、______ mother got home,I was tidying my room.
    A.After B.When C.As soon as D.Before
    (后設(shè)答案,大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦,(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
    KEYS
    1、C 2、A 3、C 4、C 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、A 9、C 10、B