15-6. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out.
【譯文】然而，依賴這種研究的很多程序是在完全保密情況下進(jìn)行的，直到可以獲得專利的階段為止。
【講解】depending on such research作定語，修飾processes。with complete secrecy作狀語，修飾are sought for。at which patents can be taken out系定語從句，修飾stage。
【單詞和短語】
patent: 專利，專利權(quán)，專利證書（a special document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention or product that no one else is allowed to copy），
例如：
take out a patent for an invention 取得一項(xiàng)發(fā)明的專利
hold a patent on 對(duì)……擁有專利權(quán)
Patents have been running out on these drugs.
這些藥的專利權(quán)正在陸續(xù)到期。
patent亦可作動(dòng)詞（參見下句），意為“得到……的專利權(quán)（to obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product）”，
例如：
The company has patented many new inventions.
這家公司得到了許多新發(fā)明的專利權(quán)。
15-7. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes.
【譯文】甚至更多的工藝過程根本就不獲得專利，而是都作為秘方保存。
【講解】句中的never…but…，相當(dāng)于not…but…，只是前者用了never表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；never…but…在這里連接兩個(gè)并列的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞are patented和（are）kept，作“從不……而（是）解”。but后省略了are。
【單詞和短語】參見上句對(duì)patent的講解。
15-8. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries.
【譯文】化學(xué)工業(yè)尤其如此。因?yàn)樵诨瘜W(xué)工業(yè)中，偶然性發(fā)現(xiàn)所起的作用要比在物理工業(yè)和機(jī)械工業(yè)中所起的作用大得多。
【講解】this指上句內(nèi)容，可簡(jiǎn)要譯為“保密”。they指chance discoveries。do代替play a part。where chance discoveries…mechanical industries系非限制性定語從句，修飾chemical industries。
【單詞和短語】
chance：偶然的，碰巧的，意想不到的（not planned or expected），
例如：
a chance decision 偶然的決定
a chance meeting 邂逅
a chance visitor 不速之客
apply：請(qǐng)參見第八課第13句對(duì)apply講解。
15-9. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned.
【譯文】有時(shí)保密竟達(dá)到了連研究工作的整個(gè)性質(zhì)都不準(zhǔn)提及的程度。
【講解】that the whole nature…mentioned是結(jié)果狀語從句。
15-10. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book, for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.
【譯文】例如，很多公司向圖書館借閱科技書籍時(shí)感到困難，因?yàn)樗鼈儾辉缸屓思抑滥硞€(gè)公司借了某本書。它們生怕其他公司的情報(bào)人員據(jù)此摸到他們正在從事的科研項(xiàng)目。
【講解】as having taken out such and such a book是介詞短語，作entered的方式狀語。as是介詞，having taken out是動(dòng)名詞短語taking out的完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。such and such a book，某本書，英語中不指名地提到某個(gè)人時(shí)這樣表示：Mr. so and so，不具體說出某人或某事的名字或特征時(shí)，則說：such and such a man（place，date，etc.）
【單詞和短語】
for fear起連詞作用，fear后省略了that，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。這從句中常用虛擬語氣。
又如：
He handled the instrument with care for fear（that）it should be damaged.
他小心翼翼地處置這儀器，生怕給弄壞了。
lest與for fear同義，只是較為古雅，多用于正式文體中。
【譯文】然而，依賴這種研究的很多程序是在完全保密情況下進(jìn)行的，直到可以獲得專利的階段為止。
【講解】depending on such research作定語，修飾processes。with complete secrecy作狀語，修飾are sought for。at which patents can be taken out系定語從句，修飾stage。
【單詞和短語】
patent: 專利，專利權(quán)，專利證書（a special document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention or product that no one else is allowed to copy），
例如：
take out a patent for an invention 取得一項(xiàng)發(fā)明的專利
hold a patent on 對(duì)……擁有專利權(quán)
Patents have been running out on these drugs.
這些藥的專利權(quán)正在陸續(xù)到期。
patent亦可作動(dòng)詞（參見下句），意為“得到……的專利權(quán)（to obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product）”，
例如：
The company has patented many new inventions.
這家公司得到了許多新發(fā)明的專利權(quán)。
15-7. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes.
【譯文】甚至更多的工藝過程根本就不獲得專利，而是都作為秘方保存。
【講解】句中的never…but…，相當(dāng)于not…but…，只是前者用了never表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；never…but…在這里連接兩個(gè)并列的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞are patented和（are）kept，作“從不……而（是）解”。but后省略了are。
【單詞和短語】參見上句對(duì)patent的講解。
15-8. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries.
【譯文】化學(xué)工業(yè)尤其如此。因?yàn)樵诨瘜W(xué)工業(yè)中，偶然性發(fā)現(xiàn)所起的作用要比在物理工業(yè)和機(jī)械工業(yè)中所起的作用大得多。
【講解】this指上句內(nèi)容，可簡(jiǎn)要譯為“保密”。they指chance discoveries。do代替play a part。where chance discoveries…mechanical industries系非限制性定語從句，修飾chemical industries。
【單詞和短語】
chance：偶然的，碰巧的，意想不到的（not planned or expected），
例如：
a chance decision 偶然的決定
a chance meeting 邂逅
a chance visitor 不速之客
apply：請(qǐng)參見第八課第13句對(duì)apply講解。
15-9. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned.
【譯文】有時(shí)保密竟達(dá)到了連研究工作的整個(gè)性質(zhì)都不準(zhǔn)提及的程度。
【講解】that the whole nature…mentioned是結(jié)果狀語從句。
15-10. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book, for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.
【譯文】例如，很多公司向圖書館借閱科技書籍時(shí)感到困難，因?yàn)樗鼈儾辉缸屓思抑滥硞€(gè)公司借了某本書。它們生怕其他公司的情報(bào)人員據(jù)此摸到他們正在從事的科研項(xiàng)目。
【講解】as having taken out such and such a book是介詞短語，作entered的方式狀語。as是介詞，having taken out是動(dòng)名詞短語taking out的完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。such and such a book，某本書，英語中不指名地提到某個(gè)人時(shí)這樣表示：Mr. so and so，不具體說出某人或某事的名字或特征時(shí)，則說：such and such a man（place，date，etc.）
【單詞和短語】
for fear起連詞作用，fear后省略了that，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。這從句中常用虛擬語氣。
又如：
He handled the instrument with care for fear（that）it should be damaged.
他小心翼翼地處置這儀器，生怕給弄壞了。
lest與for fear同義，只是較為古雅，多用于正式文體中。