單項(xiàng)選擇題
1、根據(jù)下面資料，回答題
Setting up an Appraisal Scheme
Appraisals can be a wonderful opportunity for your staff to focus on their jobs and make plans to develop their unused potential. (0)....G...So, if you have decided that an appraisal scheme should be set up in your company, you need to establish some formal procedures and make some decisions before you begin. Even if your company already has a scheme, you need to consider what you want to achieve and how you are going to do this.
First of all, you need to decide on your key objectives and the real purpose of your scheme.(8) A scheme should never be introduced at a time of redundancies, or simply for profit or competitive edge, because this will create fear and alienate staff. The next step is to decide how the scheme can most successfully be managed, It is essential that all senior staff are committed to the process and willing to make a positive contribution.
The person given responsibility for designing the scheme and the appraisal forms needs to have knowledge of all roles within the organization. He or she must also be aware of
employees' potential needs.(9) He or she should be someone who is trusted and whom staff will turn to if they are concerned about their appointed appraiser or the appraisal interview. The design of the scheme should indicate who will be appraising whom. This needs great tact and sensitivity. First, remember that no manager can effectively appraise more than seven or eight people. It is equally important to remember that, if significant numbers of staff are appraised by someone they dislike, or by a person whose values they do not share, the success of your scheme may be threatened. (10) So bear this in mind from the beginning and, if necessary, establish an appeals procedure.
Having decided on your policy and who will appraise which members of staff, you need to communicate this in the simplest possible way. Avoid lengthy documents - few people will read them. (11) Most organizations choose a person's line manager to be the appraiser. This can be seen as an opportunity or a threat, so be ready to consider alternatives if necessary.
Once you have established the appraisal process, make sure that appraisal interviews take place at a convenient time, and ideally on neutral ground. It should be borne in mind that some appraisals may involve the disclosure of confidential information. (12) These will show the decisions that were taken during the interview and will also indicate any new performance targets that have been agreed.
A．It is important to select a manager who can deal effectively with any suspicions staff may have about appraisals.
B．Such a measure can also reduce insecurity and unite staff in recognizing the positive elements of appraisal.
C．Having even one staff member in such a position may affect how others respond to the process.
D．Ideally, this should be to provide a supportive framework that aids staff development.
E．Simply make sure that staff know who will appraise them and why, and what form the interview will take.
F．It is therefore important to decide who will have access to written records of the appraisal.
G．They can also be a means of getting the pest out ot start, both as individuals, and as team members.
(8)應(yīng)選
2、根據(jù)下面資料，回答題
A
Too often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet in our hearts we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven't listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven't quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us. Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember - despite the benefit of notes - exactly what everyone said. But success depends on getting things right - and that means listening.
B
Listening is not the same thing as hearing; it is not an effortless activity. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification - it is always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong. However, if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you'll miss what the speaker is saying - probably at the very moment when he or she is saying something critical. And not having heard, you won't know you've missed anything until it's too late.
C
The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we are going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished. We then stop listening. Even worse, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have decided what to say there is a fair chance you will interrupt to say it. Good listeners don't interrupt. In fact, it is often worth explaining the main idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this and it shows that you have listened well.
D
Above all, be patient and accept that many people are not very good communicators. It's helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Equally importantly you should put yourself in the other person's shoes, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you to understand what they are getting at and form a response. But don't be too clever. Faced with a know-all, many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing.
Sometimes it is necessary to insist on further explanation.
3、根據(jù)下面內(nèi)容，回答題
Evaluating the Performance of the Board
Few employees escape the annual or twice-yearly performance review．(0) ...G ... The answer is not a great number．And the smaller the company, the fewer checks there are on how well the directors are doing．Some of the largest companies formally assess the performance of their board, but very few new or growing companies have managed to get round to establishing any such procedure.
Many business experts believe, however, that it is important for all companies to review
the performance of the board．(8)....．Another reason is that the board itself needs information on how well it is doing, just as much as other employees do．For the chief executive, appraisal of some sort is absolutely essential for his or her own sake and for the good of the company．Indeed, many of those who have reached this level remark on how lonely the job of chief executive is and how few opportunities they get to discuss issues relating to it.
There is some evidence to show that once smaller companies put a board appraisal process in place, they find this process relatively easy to operate．(9)....． Their counterparts in larger organizations, however, are often afraid that appraisals could be a challenge to their status.
So, how should companies assess their board? (10).....At a very basic level, this could simply mean getting all the directors to write down what they have achieved and how they can improve on it．At the other end of the scale is the full "360-degree" appraisal．Here, each director is appraised in a systematic manner by a combination of the chairman and fellow directors.
In the largest companies there are many methods for assessing the board．A number of such companies have self-assessment schemes．The chairman may meet each board member individually to ask how things are going, in a fairly informal way．The whole board might also meet to talk about its progress in open session．(11).....These might ask for people's opinions on the board's main tasks or on how well the committees are working.
Research indicates there has been some improvement in the way the appraisal of board members is conducted．(12)......The chairman will have been involved directly or indirectly in the appraisal of all members of the board．Whose job is it, then, to appraise the chairman?
A.It is often the case that the directors of such companies are even happy to receive criticism, as this can prevent them from making basic mistakes.
B.The rest of the workforce sees it as unfair if the directors are the only members of thecompany to escape appraisal.
C.These are encouraging as they put a limit on the power of the chairman to assess fellow directors.
D.Alternatively, questionnaires might be distributed to directors, forming the basis for future discussion.
E.One issue remains, however, when all the others have been dealt with．
F.It is generally agreed that it is the chairman's responsibility to ensure the regular appraisal of each member of the board.
G.However, one wonders how many companies have in place a formal appraisal process for their board of directors.
（8）應(yīng)選
4、根據(jù)下面內(nèi)容，回答題
Buffet Zone
Lucy Robertson started working at a take-away food business to supplement her income during her student days at Edinburgh University. Several years later she had bought the business and now, 17 years on, she owns Grapevine Caterers, probably Scotland's leading independent caterers, with a turnover of almost ε6m.
She had never planned to own a business, and had certainly never considered a career in catering. (0)...G… However, her unplanned career began in 1985, when she returned to Edinburgh and discovered that the takeaway she had worked in was up for sale. On impulse, she bought it, but admits that at the time she knew nothing about catering. (8).....It was a difficult time, but essential in terms of gaining the experience she needed. The late 1980s boom was good for business, with large numbers of office workers wanting takeaway food for their lunches. (9)..... "At one point there were 26 food outlets within a 5-kilometre radius," Robertson recalls, as the economy changed and the once packed office blocks started to become vacant, it became clear that Robertson would need to diversify. (10)......It changed the direction of the company for good.
As Robertson began to win catering contracts, she decided that the company would have to move to larger premises. In 1994, the move was made when she bought another catering business that already had a number of profitable contracts for boardroom lunches.
Meanwhile, Robertson's main competitor, the oldest catering company in Edinburgh, was causing her some anxiety. "Customer loyally is not to be underestimated," she warns. But Robertson is not someone who is easily put off. (11)...... Partly as a result of this, turnover doubled, and having outgrown another site, Robertson bought a city-centre location for the group's headquarters.
By now, Grapevine's main competitor was a new catering company called Towngates. Although Robertson tried to raise enough money to buy Towngates, she did not succeed. Then luck intervened and Towngates went bankrupt. (12)......Many accepted and the company's turnover went from ε700,000 to ε1.5 million almost overnight.
However, the company's growth was not as smooth as it sounds in retrospect. Robertson admits, "We were close to the edge during the growth period. Like many under-capitalized companies trying to grow, it might easily have collapsed." But that, she feels, is the challenge of developing your own business.
A．But there are plenty of similar contracts to be won in the east of Scotland before Robertson turns her attention elsewhere.
B．Her way round this particular problem was to recruit the catering manager of the rival company.
C．But this demand was short-lived, and before long, increasing competition made it harder to make a profit.
D．"It was a dramatic learning curve and very small amounts of money were earned at first," says Robertson.
E．She decided that the solution, since many companies required working lunches for meetings with clients, was to prepare and deliver meals to business premises.
F．On hearing this, Robertson immediately contacted all of their clients and offered the services of Grapevine Caterers.
G．Instead, she studied accountancy after leaving university, and a steady if unspectacular professional path seemed set.
（8）應(yīng)選
填空題
5、
If you always thought of McDonald’s as an all-American company it, may surprise you to learn that the king of McDonald’s franchises is named Fujita and that he doesn’t eat hamburgers. ____1____ By ignoring many of the customs of both his native and his parent company, Fujita has made McDonald’s the top fast-food business in Japan and has changed the face of franchising.
McDonald’s came to Japan in 1970 searching for a Japanese partner with whom to create a Japanese McDonald’s. Fujita was far from the richest potential candidate interviewed, but he was an eager entrepreneur who seemed willing to devote his energies to the new venture. ____2____
Almost immediately, however, Fujita began going his own way. The parent company recommended opening the first Japanese McDonald’s in the suburbs, where most American fast-food stores are located. Fujita had his own ideas. ____3____ He got his way, opened the first Japanese McDonald’s in a department store in Tokyo, didn’t spend anything on advertising. ____4____
McDonald’s learned its lesson from Fujita and has since opened inner-city restaurant around the world. ____5____ While the Japanese seem fascinated with western styles and tastes, they often don’t think of themselves as consumers of American products. So Fujita’s McDonald’s franchises play down their American origins, to the point where, according to Fujita, some Japanese who visit the United States are surprised to find that we have ‘Makudonarudo’, as the Japanese say it, in America too.
A. In fact, Fujita is unusual in many respects, and his uniqueness has made him very rich.
B. McDonald’s took a chance and chose him.
C. Fujita and McDonald’s continue to benefit from each other.
D. Other companies might learn from the way Fujita marketed McDonald’s in Japan.
E. Fujita likes to take credit for a rise in the average weight of his people.
F. And within a year he had broken McDonald’s world record for one-day sales: $14,000.
G. He thought the young pedestrians of Japan’s cities were more likely to give up Japan fish-and –rice diet for a hamburger than were the more traditional suburban dwellers.
H. But Fujita himself prefers noodles to Big Macs.
I. And the Tokyo McDonald’s that once caused an argument is now one of 500 that Fujita owns in Japan.
6、
PART TWO
Questions 8-12
•Read the extract below from an article about the coffee industry.
•Choose the best sentence from the list on the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
•For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-I)on your Answer Sheet.
•Do not use any letter more than once.
Coffee is worth approximately $50-60bn per annum in terms of world sales. It is a truly international commodity, and today more than 50 countries in the world grow coffee beans. (example) ______I_____. ICO organization helps coffee producers and promotes coffee conumption worldwide.ICO estimates that world production next year will reach 97.5 million bags.11.3 million bags higher than the current year. (8) ____________. As the largest producing country, Brazil is particularly important in the coffee world. In 1994 Brazil was responsible for 25% of world production, Colombia was next with 13.4%, Indonesia had 7.5%, Mexico 4.7%, Guatemala 3.8% and Ethiopia and Vietnam were equal with 3.4%.Coffee is a tough crop, and can be grown in areas where it is difficult or impossible to grow other crops. (9) However, disease is always problem for coffee production, as we can see in some parts of South America at the moment.ICO is active in educating farmers about avoiding disease and dealing with problems when they occur.The distribution chain varies from country to country, explains Pablo Dubois. In most countries the smaller farmers sell their crop to a local trader, who then sells it on to exporters. There are, however, other distribution systems. (10) ____________. Some countries, like Vietnam, have special government marketing organizations for coffee.Coffee prices often vary greatly from one year to the next. In 1997, for example, there was a large rise in the world price, which was immediately felt by the consumer. Rising prices always result in a drop in sales, which will have a bad effect on those developing countries, which are highly dependent on foreign exchange from coffee exports. (11)____________.In the opinion of Pablo Dubois, the biggest problem for his organisation is to create greater consumer awareness of the different varieties of coffee and different ways of preparing it. (12)____________. ICO is therefore concentrating its promotional activities on Russia and China. It is also encouraging environmentally friendly coffee production, and last year's seminar on coffee and the environment created a lot of interest.The future looks bright for the coffee industry. It is estimated that consumption over the next few years will continue to rise steadily. New markets like Eastern Europe and China are expected to develop fast.
A. As a result, the membership now represents 94% of all exporters and 60% of all importers.
B. In some of these countries, this can amount to as much as 50% of all export earning.
C. In North America, most consumers already have above average knowledge of the range available.
D. For example, frost and wind are particularly damaging to coffee crops.
E. Larger coffee growers, for example, frequently export directly.
F. The main reason for this is higher Brazilian output as production recovers from weather damage to crops.
G. It is cultivated in mountain regions which can only be reached by animal transport, and in other difficult areas where modern agricultural equipment cannot be used.
H. This is because there is a demand for coffee in Germany, and it is also sold in the UK and in the US.
I. This make the coffee industry fairly universal, according to Pablo Dubois, Head of the International Coffee Organisation (ICO), based in London.
7、PART ONE
Questions 1-7
Look at the sentences below and the job advertisements on the opposite page.
Which job does each sentence 1-7 refer to?
For each sentence, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
Example:0 This post involves some secretarial duties.
0 A B C D
1 You will be responsible for the operation of a computer system.
2 You must be able to forecast what people will want to wear.
3 You will be able to work with people from many different countries and backgrounds.
4 You will have a qualification which covers two subject areas.
5 It is necessary to have worked in this sector before.
6 You will need to keep in contact with the headquarters of the organization.
7 The advertisement emphasises the need to have a suitable approach to important people.
A
BUSINESS MANAGERYou will be responsible for our global business within specific countries and will have a good understanding of international distribution, possibly based on previous experience, plus the ability to work in markets that are highly varied in their culture. You will be fluent in a second language, be willing to travel extensively, and preferably have a degree.
B
DEPARTMENT STORE BUYERBased at our head office in London, you will select and order stock from our suppliers in Italy. You will need to predict fashion trends and build a strong relationship with our Italian office. You will have gained your buying experience in women's fashion and will hold a degree in design with a business studies component.
C
LEGAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATORAs head of the legal office, your work will include managing the office IT network, typing reports, diary maintenance and supervision of another staff member. You will need good organizational skills in order to keep ahead of a varied workload. You will be dealing with senior executives and government officials, so a mature and efficient manner is essential.
D
REGIONAL LEISURE SITES MANAGERYou will be responsible for budgetary planning, contract negotiations, local marketing and effective administration. You will communicate frequently with our main office using the latest technology. Your experience could be from any business sector but you should enjoy outdoor life and will ideally possess an estate management qualification.
簡(jiǎn)答題
8、Part One
You are the training manager of a company which has won a large export order. You have been asked to organize foreign language training for some of your staff.
Write a memo of 30-40 words to staff:
Explaining why the courses are necessary;
Saying which members of staff should attend;
Announcing when the courses will start;
Write on your answer sheet.
Part Two
Your company exports to a number of countries around the world. The company is looking for new agents for international freight.
Read the two advertisements below, on which you have made some notes.
Then using the notes, write a short report for the Export Sales Manager, covering all your points and saying which agent you recommend.
Write 100-120 words.
Write on your answer sheet.
9、• Read the article below about the winner of a business award .
• In most of the lines 34-45 there is one extra word . It is either grammatically incorrect or
doesn’t fit in the meaning of the text . Some lines, however, are correct .
• If a line is correct , write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet .
• If there is a extra word in the line , write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTER on your Answer Sheet.
• The exercises begins with two examples , (0) and (00) .
Examples
10、• Read the article below about airport hotels .
• In most of the lines 34-45 there is one extra word . It is either grammatically incorrect or
doesn’t fit in the meaning of the text . Some lines, however, are correct .
• If a line is correct , write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet .
• If there is a extra word in the line , write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTER on your Answer Sheet.
• The exercises begins with two examples , (0) and (00) .
Examples
1、根據(jù)下面資料，回答題
Setting up an Appraisal Scheme
Appraisals can be a wonderful opportunity for your staff to focus on their jobs and make plans to develop their unused potential. (0)....G...So, if you have decided that an appraisal scheme should be set up in your company, you need to establish some formal procedures and make some decisions before you begin. Even if your company already has a scheme, you need to consider what you want to achieve and how you are going to do this.
First of all, you need to decide on your key objectives and the real purpose of your scheme.(8) A scheme should never be introduced at a time of redundancies, or simply for profit or competitive edge, because this will create fear and alienate staff. The next step is to decide how the scheme can most successfully be managed, It is essential that all senior staff are committed to the process and willing to make a positive contribution.
The person given responsibility for designing the scheme and the appraisal forms needs to have knowledge of all roles within the organization. He or she must also be aware of
employees' potential needs.(9) He or she should be someone who is trusted and whom staff will turn to if they are concerned about their appointed appraiser or the appraisal interview. The design of the scheme should indicate who will be appraising whom. This needs great tact and sensitivity. First, remember that no manager can effectively appraise more than seven or eight people. It is equally important to remember that, if significant numbers of staff are appraised by someone they dislike, or by a person whose values they do not share, the success of your scheme may be threatened. (10) So bear this in mind from the beginning and, if necessary, establish an appeals procedure.
Having decided on your policy and who will appraise which members of staff, you need to communicate this in the simplest possible way. Avoid lengthy documents - few people will read them. (11) Most organizations choose a person's line manager to be the appraiser. This can be seen as an opportunity or a threat, so be ready to consider alternatives if necessary.
Once you have established the appraisal process, make sure that appraisal interviews take place at a convenient time, and ideally on neutral ground. It should be borne in mind that some appraisals may involve the disclosure of confidential information. (12) These will show the decisions that were taken during the interview and will also indicate any new performance targets that have been agreed.
A．It is important to select a manager who can deal effectively with any suspicions staff may have about appraisals.
B．Such a measure can also reduce insecurity and unite staff in recognizing the positive elements of appraisal.
C．Having even one staff member in such a position may affect how others respond to the process.
D．Ideally, this should be to provide a supportive framework that aids staff development.
E．Simply make sure that staff know who will appraise them and why, and what form the interview will take.
F．It is therefore important to decide who will have access to written records of the appraisal.
G．They can also be a means of getting the pest out ot start, both as individuals, and as team members.
(8)應(yīng)選
2、根據(jù)下面資料，回答題
A
Too often we accuse others of not listening, pretending that we ourselves are faultless, yet in our hearts we know that many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven't listened carefully enough. We get things wrong because we haven't quite understood what someone meant when they were talking to us. Anyone who has ever taken the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember - despite the benefit of notes - exactly what everyone said. But success depends on getting things right - and that means listening.
B
Listening is not the same thing as hearing; it is not an effortless activity. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean quizzing the speaker for additional information or for clarification - it is always better to ask than to continue regardless and get things wrong. However, if you allow your mind to wander onto something else, even for a few minutes, you'll miss what the speaker is saying - probably at the very moment when he or she is saying something critical. And not having heard, you won't know you've missed anything until it's too late.
C
The most common bad habit we have is to start thinking of what we are going to say about the subject long before the other speaker has finished. We then stop listening. Even worse, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have decided what to say there is a fair chance you will interrupt to say it. Good listeners don't interrupt. In fact, it is often worth explaining the main idea of what you have just been told before going on to make your own points. Nobody is offended by this and it shows that you have listened well.
D
Above all, be patient and accept that many people are not very good communicators. It's helpful to remember that the ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Equally importantly you should put yourself in the other person's shoes, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you to understand what they are getting at and form a response. But don't be too clever. Faced with a know-all, many people keep quiet because they see no point in continuing.
Sometimes it is necessary to insist on further explanation.
3、根據(jù)下面內(nèi)容，回答題
Evaluating the Performance of the Board
Few employees escape the annual or twice-yearly performance review．(0) ...G ... The answer is not a great number．And the smaller the company, the fewer checks there are on how well the directors are doing．Some of the largest companies formally assess the performance of their board, but very few new or growing companies have managed to get round to establishing any such procedure.
Many business experts believe, however, that it is important for all companies to review
the performance of the board．(8)....．Another reason is that the board itself needs information on how well it is doing, just as much as other employees do．For the chief executive, appraisal of some sort is absolutely essential for his or her own sake and for the good of the company．Indeed, many of those who have reached this level remark on how lonely the job of chief executive is and how few opportunities they get to discuss issues relating to it.
There is some evidence to show that once smaller companies put a board appraisal process in place, they find this process relatively easy to operate．(9)....． Their counterparts in larger organizations, however, are often afraid that appraisals could be a challenge to their status.
So, how should companies assess their board? (10).....At a very basic level, this could simply mean getting all the directors to write down what they have achieved and how they can improve on it．At the other end of the scale is the full "360-degree" appraisal．Here, each director is appraised in a systematic manner by a combination of the chairman and fellow directors.
In the largest companies there are many methods for assessing the board．A number of such companies have self-assessment schemes．The chairman may meet each board member individually to ask how things are going, in a fairly informal way．The whole board might also meet to talk about its progress in open session．(11).....These might ask for people's opinions on the board's main tasks or on how well the committees are working.
Research indicates there has been some improvement in the way the appraisal of board members is conducted．(12)......The chairman will have been involved directly or indirectly in the appraisal of all members of the board．Whose job is it, then, to appraise the chairman?
A.It is often the case that the directors of such companies are even happy to receive criticism, as this can prevent them from making basic mistakes.
B.The rest of the workforce sees it as unfair if the directors are the only members of thecompany to escape appraisal.
C.These are encouraging as they put a limit on the power of the chairman to assess fellow directors.
D.Alternatively, questionnaires might be distributed to directors, forming the basis for future discussion.
E.One issue remains, however, when all the others have been dealt with．
F.It is generally agreed that it is the chairman's responsibility to ensure the regular appraisal of each member of the board.
G.However, one wonders how many companies have in place a formal appraisal process for their board of directors.
（8）應(yīng)選
4、根據(jù)下面內(nèi)容，回答題
Buffet Zone
Lucy Robertson started working at a take-away food business to supplement her income during her student days at Edinburgh University. Several years later she had bought the business and now, 17 years on, she owns Grapevine Caterers, probably Scotland's leading independent caterers, with a turnover of almost ε6m.
She had never planned to own a business, and had certainly never considered a career in catering. (0)...G… However, her unplanned career began in 1985, when she returned to Edinburgh and discovered that the takeaway she had worked in was up for sale. On impulse, she bought it, but admits that at the time she knew nothing about catering. (8).....It was a difficult time, but essential in terms of gaining the experience she needed. The late 1980s boom was good for business, with large numbers of office workers wanting takeaway food for their lunches. (9)..... "At one point there were 26 food outlets within a 5-kilometre radius," Robertson recalls, as the economy changed and the once packed office blocks started to become vacant, it became clear that Robertson would need to diversify. (10)......It changed the direction of the company for good.
As Robertson began to win catering contracts, she decided that the company would have to move to larger premises. In 1994, the move was made when she bought another catering business that already had a number of profitable contracts for boardroom lunches.
Meanwhile, Robertson's main competitor, the oldest catering company in Edinburgh, was causing her some anxiety. "Customer loyally is not to be underestimated," she warns. But Robertson is not someone who is easily put off. (11)...... Partly as a result of this, turnover doubled, and having outgrown another site, Robertson bought a city-centre location for the group's headquarters.
By now, Grapevine's main competitor was a new catering company called Towngates. Although Robertson tried to raise enough money to buy Towngates, she did not succeed. Then luck intervened and Towngates went bankrupt. (12)......Many accepted and the company's turnover went from ε700,000 to ε1.5 million almost overnight.
However, the company's growth was not as smooth as it sounds in retrospect. Robertson admits, "We were close to the edge during the growth period. Like many under-capitalized companies trying to grow, it might easily have collapsed." But that, she feels, is the challenge of developing your own business.
A．But there are plenty of similar contracts to be won in the east of Scotland before Robertson turns her attention elsewhere.
B．Her way round this particular problem was to recruit the catering manager of the rival company.
C．But this demand was short-lived, and before long, increasing competition made it harder to make a profit.
D．"It was a dramatic learning curve and very small amounts of money were earned at first," says Robertson.
E．She decided that the solution, since many companies required working lunches for meetings with clients, was to prepare and deliver meals to business premises.
F．On hearing this, Robertson immediately contacted all of their clients and offered the services of Grapevine Caterers.
G．Instead, she studied accountancy after leaving university, and a steady if unspectacular professional path seemed set.
（8）應(yīng)選
填空題
5、
Japanese McDonald’s
If you always thought of McDonald’s as an all-American company it, may surprise you to learn that the king of McDonald’s franchises is named Fujita and that he doesn’t eat hamburgers. ____1____ By ignoring many of the customs of both his native and his parent company, Fujita has made McDonald’s the top fast-food business in Japan and has changed the face of franchising.
McDonald’s came to Japan in 1970 searching for a Japanese partner with whom to create a Japanese McDonald’s. Fujita was far from the richest potential candidate interviewed, but he was an eager entrepreneur who seemed willing to devote his energies to the new venture. ____2____
Almost immediately, however, Fujita began going his own way. The parent company recommended opening the first Japanese McDonald’s in the suburbs, where most American fast-food stores are located. Fujita had his own ideas. ____3____ He got his way, opened the first Japanese McDonald’s in a department store in Tokyo, didn’t spend anything on advertising. ____4____
McDonald’s learned its lesson from Fujita and has since opened inner-city restaurant around the world. ____5____ While the Japanese seem fascinated with western styles and tastes, they often don’t think of themselves as consumers of American products. So Fujita’s McDonald’s franchises play down their American origins, to the point where, according to Fujita, some Japanese who visit the United States are surprised to find that we have ‘Makudonarudo’, as the Japanese say it, in America too.
A. In fact, Fujita is unusual in many respects, and his uniqueness has made him very rich.
B. McDonald’s took a chance and chose him.
C. Fujita and McDonald’s continue to benefit from each other.
D. Other companies might learn from the way Fujita marketed McDonald’s in Japan.
E. Fujita likes to take credit for a rise in the average weight of his people.
F. And within a year he had broken McDonald’s world record for one-day sales: $14,000.
G. He thought the young pedestrians of Japan’s cities were more likely to give up Japan fish-and –rice diet for a hamburger than were the more traditional suburban dwellers.
H. But Fujita himself prefers noodles to Big Macs.
I. And the Tokyo McDonald’s that once caused an argument is now one of 500 that Fujita owns in Japan.
6、
PART TWO
Questions 8-12
•Read the extract below from an article about the coffee industry.
•Choose the best sentence from the list on the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
•For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-I)on your Answer Sheet.
•Do not use any letter more than once.
Coffee is worth approximately $50-60bn per annum in terms of world sales. It is a truly international commodity, and today more than 50 countries in the world grow coffee beans. (example) ______I_____. ICO organization helps coffee producers and promotes coffee conumption worldwide.ICO estimates that world production next year will reach 97.5 million bags.11.3 million bags higher than the current year. (8) ____________. As the largest producing country, Brazil is particularly important in the coffee world. In 1994 Brazil was responsible for 25% of world production, Colombia was next with 13.4%, Indonesia had 7.5%, Mexico 4.7%, Guatemala 3.8% and Ethiopia and Vietnam were equal with 3.4%.Coffee is a tough crop, and can be grown in areas where it is difficult or impossible to grow other crops. (9) However, disease is always problem for coffee production, as we can see in some parts of South America at the moment.ICO is active in educating farmers about avoiding disease and dealing with problems when they occur.The distribution chain varies from country to country, explains Pablo Dubois. In most countries the smaller farmers sell their crop to a local trader, who then sells it on to exporters. There are, however, other distribution systems. (10) ____________. Some countries, like Vietnam, have special government marketing organizations for coffee.Coffee prices often vary greatly from one year to the next. In 1997, for example, there was a large rise in the world price, which was immediately felt by the consumer. Rising prices always result in a drop in sales, which will have a bad effect on those developing countries, which are highly dependent on foreign exchange from coffee exports. (11)____________.In the opinion of Pablo Dubois, the biggest problem for his organisation is to create greater consumer awareness of the different varieties of coffee and different ways of preparing it. (12)____________. ICO is therefore concentrating its promotional activities on Russia and China. It is also encouraging environmentally friendly coffee production, and last year's seminar on coffee and the environment created a lot of interest.The future looks bright for the coffee industry. It is estimated that consumption over the next few years will continue to rise steadily. New markets like Eastern Europe and China are expected to develop fast.
A. As a result, the membership now represents 94% of all exporters and 60% of all importers.
B. In some of these countries, this can amount to as much as 50% of all export earning.
C. In North America, most consumers already have above average knowledge of the range available.
D. For example, frost and wind are particularly damaging to coffee crops.
E. Larger coffee growers, for example, frequently export directly.
F. The main reason for this is higher Brazilian output as production recovers from weather damage to crops.
G. It is cultivated in mountain regions which can only be reached by animal transport, and in other difficult areas where modern agricultural equipment cannot be used.
H. This is because there is a demand for coffee in Germany, and it is also sold in the UK and in the US.
I. This make the coffee industry fairly universal, according to Pablo Dubois, Head of the International Coffee Organisation (ICO), based in London.
7、PART ONE
Questions 1-7
Look at the sentences below and the job advertisements on the opposite page.
Which job does each sentence 1-7 refer to?
For each sentence, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
Example:0 This post involves some secretarial duties.
0 A B C D
1 You will be responsible for the operation of a computer system.
2 You must be able to forecast what people will want to wear.
3 You will be able to work with people from many different countries and backgrounds.
4 You will have a qualification which covers two subject areas.
5 It is necessary to have worked in this sector before.
6 You will need to keep in contact with the headquarters of the organization.
7 The advertisement emphasises the need to have a suitable approach to important people.
A
BUSINESS MANAGERYou will be responsible for our global business within specific countries and will have a good understanding of international distribution, possibly based on previous experience, plus the ability to work in markets that are highly varied in their culture. You will be fluent in a second language, be willing to travel extensively, and preferably have a degree.
B
DEPARTMENT STORE BUYERBased at our head office in London, you will select and order stock from our suppliers in Italy. You will need to predict fashion trends and build a strong relationship with our Italian office. You will have gained your buying experience in women's fashion and will hold a degree in design with a business studies component.
C
LEGAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATORAs head of the legal office, your work will include managing the office IT network, typing reports, diary maintenance and supervision of another staff member. You will need good organizational skills in order to keep ahead of a varied workload. You will be dealing with senior executives and government officials, so a mature and efficient manner is essential.
D
REGIONAL LEISURE SITES MANAGERYou will be responsible for budgetary planning, contract negotiations, local marketing and effective administration. You will communicate frequently with our main office using the latest technology. Your experience could be from any business sector but you should enjoy outdoor life and will ideally possess an estate management qualification.
簡(jiǎn)答題
8、Part One
You are the training manager of a company which has won a large export order. You have been asked to organize foreign language training for some of your staff.
Write a memo of 30-40 words to staff:
Explaining why the courses are necessary;
Saying which members of staff should attend;
Announcing when the courses will start;
Write on your answer sheet.
Part Two
Your company exports to a number of countries around the world. The company is looking for new agents for international freight.
Read the two advertisements below, on which you have made some notes.
Then using the notes, write a short report for the Export Sales Manager, covering all your points and saying which agent you recommend.
Write 100-120 words.
Write on your answer sheet.
9、• Read the article below about the winner of a business award .
• In most of the lines 34-45 there is one extra word . It is either grammatically incorrect or
doesn’t fit in the meaning of the text . Some lines, however, are correct .
• If a line is correct , write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet .
• If there is a extra word in the line , write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTER on your Answer Sheet.
• The exercises begins with two examples , (0) and (00) .
Examples
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INCREASING CUSTOMERS LOYALTY |
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0 Customers are not revolutionaries. They are attracted to be the certainty of knowing that 00 what they buy it will be good value for money or will perform a particular task effectively. 34 They are cautious but their loyalty , without once achieved , is the key to business success. 35 Brands can help to create customer loyalty by providing us a signpost to certainty and 36 safety . Ideally , when a customer sees off a product , it leads to a range of positive thoughts 37 so that the product is being bought . Unfortunately , only a small number of products have 38 reached to this level . While everyone in business is aware of the need to attract and 39 retain customers , that they often overlook the second , more important , half of the 40 equation . In the excitement of beating against the competition and securing orders, 41 managers often fail to ensure that the customer remains a customer . It has been 42 estimated that since the average company loses between 10 to 30% of its customers 43 every year and this only recently have organizations started to wake up to these lost 44 opportunities and to calculate the financial implications . Established customers often 45 buy more and, in the addition , they may also provide free word-of-mouth advertising. |
10、• Read the article below about airport hotels .
• In most of the lines 34-45 there is one extra word . It is either grammatically incorrect or
doesn’t fit in the meaning of the text . Some lines, however, are correct .
• If a line is correct , write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet .
• If there is a extra word in the line , write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTER on your Answer Sheet.
• The exercises begins with two examples , (0) and (00) .
Examples
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CHECKING IN TO A WORKING BASE |
0 Smart business travelers today are staying at the airport to do business. Rather than 00 waste of time in traffic as they try to reach city center venues , business people 34 are using conference facilities on the offer at airports . Busy executives are also 35 staying there overnight to avoid the difficulty of getting there for take an early morning 36 meeting . And it makes senses for our international meetings to be held at airports . It is 37 principally through the improvement in airport hotels that has enabled this 38 development to take place . Today these mini-conference centers provide services are 39 designed for business travelers , look like a quick check-in and round-the-clock restaurants, 40 so they can get to work as quickly as possible . They are also less expensive place 41 than their city center counterparts. Not long years ago, airports hotels were 42 uncomfortable , unattractive and inconvenient for as far as the business traveler was 43 concerned . Yet now that there is strong interest , as travelers become aware of the 44 new facilities . Demand for small meeting rooms is huge , usually for interview or one- 45 to-one meetings , where executives fly in and out of the same day. The age of the airport is upon us . |