2017年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類A級閱讀理解精講(2)
閱讀理解(共15題，每題3分，共45分)
考查應(yīng)試者對文章主旨和細節(jié)信息的理解能力。本部分為3篇文章，每篇300-450詞，每篇文章后有5道題。要求應(yīng)試者根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個佳答案。
應(yīng)對策略：
首先要重點掌握教材上的閱讀理解的重點文章的背誦，來抓住出自教材上的分數(shù)，這是順利通過考試很關(guān)鍵的一步。
同時充分利用老師在課上講的解題技巧，如大標(biāo)題做題法、紅花綠葉原則、順序出題原則、關(guān)鍵詞回歸定位法通過做模擬試題來進行解題技巧的演練和應(yīng)用。
在做題時要注意：搞清主旨題、細節(jié)題、推理題、邏輯關(guān)系題、觀點態(tài)度題。注意標(biāo)題、首尾段、首尾句、邏輯關(guān)系處、細節(jié)處等出題點;在閱讀時見到日期、數(shù)量等要先做好標(biāo)記，這樣有重點有理有節(jié)的解題，才有可能取得滿意的成績。
短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個佳答案。
Caffeine
Caffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming caffeine for hundreds of years, primarily in the form of coffee, tea, and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had long been observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma(黑色素瘤) skin cancers, although no one knew why. A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiation, a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive, leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial(予宮內(nèi)膜的) cancer - that is, cancer of the cells lining the uterus - The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women, who are at greatest risk for the disease. Researchers believe blood sugar, fat cells, and estrogen(雌性激素) may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown, people who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily; caffeinated coffee has also been associated with lowered risk of cirrhosis(肝硬化) and liver cancer.
While many of caffeine's undesirable effects, such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, are brief, some short-term benefits, including pain relief, increased alertness, and increased physical endurance, have also been attributed to caffeine. As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting(收縮) blood vessels in the brain, it can alleviate headaches - even migraines(偏頭痛) – and can help counter the drowsiness(眩暈)caused by antihistamines(抗組胺藥).
Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina - hence its addition to energy-boosting sports drinks.
People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one's diet.
36. Drinking coffee or tea may help
A. lower the incidence of being overweight.
B. lower the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer.
C. increase the incidence of endometrial cancer.
D. increase the incidence of liver cancer.
【答案】：B
37. Caffeine is used to
A. reduce high blood pressure.
B. relieve headaches.
C. cure liver cancer.
D. treat skin cancer.
【答案】：B
38. Some athletes use caffeine to
A. improve their speed.
B. increase their endurance.
C. maintain their alertness.
D. relax their muscles.
【答案】：B
39. Caffeine withdrawal symptoms
A. can become an ongoing problem.
B. may last as long as a week.
C. are weight loss and mental disorder.
D. are usually short-lived.
【答案】：D
40. Drinking three cups of coffee a day
A. may not be recommended by most doctors.
B. is harmful to healthy people.
C. will probably not cause problems.
D. may benefit sensitive people.
【答案】：C
閱讀理解(共15題，每題3分，共45分)
考查應(yīng)試者對文章主旨和細節(jié)信息的理解能力。本部分為3篇文章，每篇300-450詞，每篇文章后有5道題。要求應(yīng)試者根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個佳答案。
應(yīng)對策略：
首先要重點掌握教材上的閱讀理解的重點文章的背誦，來抓住出自教材上的分數(shù)，這是順利通過考試很關(guān)鍵的一步。
同時充分利用老師在課上講的解題技巧，如大標(biāo)題做題法、紅花綠葉原則、順序出題原則、關(guān)鍵詞回歸定位法通過做模擬試題來進行解題技巧的演練和應(yīng)用。
在做題時要注意：搞清主旨題、細節(jié)題、推理題、邏輯關(guān)系題、觀點態(tài)度題。注意標(biāo)題、首尾段、首尾句、邏輯關(guān)系處、細節(jié)處等出題點;在閱讀時見到日期、數(shù)量等要先做好標(biāo)記，這樣有重點有理有節(jié)的解題，才有可能取得滿意的成績。
短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個佳答案。
Caffeine
Caffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world. Humans have been consuming caffeine for hundreds of years, primarily in the form of coffee, tea, and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had long been observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma(黑色素瘤) skin cancers, although no one knew why. A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiation, a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive, leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial(予宮內(nèi)膜的) cancer - that is, cancer of the cells lining the uterus - The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women, who are at greatest risk for the disease. Researchers believe blood sugar, fat cells, and estrogen(雌性激素) may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown, people who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily; caffeinated coffee has also been associated with lowered risk of cirrhosis(肝硬化) and liver cancer.
While many of caffeine's undesirable effects, such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, are brief, some short-term benefits, including pain relief, increased alertness, and increased physical endurance, have also been attributed to caffeine. As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting(收縮) blood vessels in the brain, it can alleviate headaches - even migraines(偏頭痛) – and can help counter the drowsiness(眩暈)caused by antihistamines(抗組胺藥).
Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina - hence its addition to energy-boosting sports drinks.
People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one's diet.
36. Drinking coffee or tea may help
A. lower the incidence of being overweight.
B. lower the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer.
C. increase the incidence of endometrial cancer.
D. increase the incidence of liver cancer.
【答案】：B
37. Caffeine is used to
A. reduce high blood pressure.
B. relieve headaches.
C. cure liver cancer.
D. treat skin cancer.
【答案】：B
38. Some athletes use caffeine to
A. improve their speed.
B. increase their endurance.
C. maintain their alertness.
D. relax their muscles.
【答案】：B
39. Caffeine withdrawal symptoms
A. can become an ongoing problem.
B. may last as long as a week.
C. are weight loss and mental disorder.
D. are usually short-lived.
【答案】：D
40. Drinking three cups of coffee a day
A. may not be recommended by most doctors.
B. is harmful to healthy people.
C. will probably not cause problems.
D. may benefit sensitive people.
【答案】：C