Lesson 30 Adventures of Ideas 大膽的想法
Each civilization is born, it culminates, and it decays. There is a widespread estimony that this ominous fact is due to inherent biological defects in the crowded life of cities. Now, slowly and at first faintly, an opposite tendency is showing itself. Better roads and better vehicles at first induced the wealthier classes to live on the outskirts of the cities. The urgent need for defence had also vanished. This tendency is now spreading rapidly downwards. But a new set of conditions is just showing itself. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centres of the cities. Apart from the care of children and periods of sheer rest, the active lives were spent in the cities.
In some ways the concentration of such activities was even more emphasized, and the homes were pushed outwards even at the cost of the discomfort of commuting. But, if we examine the trend of technology during the past generation, the reasons for this concentration are largely disappearing. Still more, the reasons for the choice of sites for cities are also altering.
Mechanical power can be transmitted for hundreds of miles, men can communicate almost instantaneously by telephone, the chiefs of great organizations can be transported by airplanes, the cinemas can produce plays in every village, music, speeches, and sermons can be broadcast. Almost every reason for the growth of the cities,concurrently with the growth of civilization has been profoundly modified.
Ⅰ、words
▲culminate vi.鼎盛，達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)
n.culmination n.（頂點(diǎn),多用做抽象意義）/summit n.頂峰/peak/top
He reaches/attains the culmination in his thirties.他三十歲達(dá)到了頂峰。
His efforts culminate in his success.他的努力終于使他成功了。（culmite＝lead to
His efforts culminate in the prosperity of his family.
His efforts culminate in failure.他的努力付諸東流。
His excessive drinking culminates in his moral degeneration/decay.他的過度飲酒導(dǎo)致他道德敗壞
mend one's morals改過自新
decayvt 衰亡，腐爛 同義詞：rot見第二課
My health decays.我的身體江河日下。
Tooth decays.牙齒咬不動(dòng)?xùn)|西了。
testimony n 證據(jù)=evidence testmen n.證人 testify v.
Bear/produce the testimony to his innocence.我證明他無罪。
oral證詞/verbal證詞/ material物證
▲inherent adj固有的
the sloth that inherent in him天生的懶惰
inbred 天生的 inbuilt嵌入的 ingrain 根深蒂固的 deep－rooted根深蒂固的
faintly adv不明顯的
faint微弱的
The light is so faint.光線太暗。
I fainted.我暈了過去。
tendency n傾向
I have the tendency to shop.我是個(gè)購物狂。
I have the tendency to smoke/read.我是個(gè)煙鬼/書迷
trend潮流/inclination（自己的）傾向 /current潮流（更常用）
vanish vi消失見26課
▲a set of 一批后只跟sth不跟sb
a set of rules一系列規(guī)則/a set of equipmeng一套設(shè)備/a set of furniture一套家具/a set of short stories短篇小說集
▲sheeradj純粹的
sheer brandy純白蘭地/sheer liar大騙子/sheer rubbish一派胡言
emphasize vt強(qiáng)調(diào) n.emphasis
place/lay/put emphsis……on
We have to place emphasis on construction of civilization.我們要加強(qiáng)文明建設(shè)。
同義詞：underline/spotlight
at the cost of 以……位代價(jià)＝at the ptice of =sactifice v.犧牲，n牲
I learn English at the cost of my holidays.
▲commute adv即刻地 n.commuter 通勤者/commuter time/rush hour上下班時(shí)間
There is a New York or commuters devoured by locusts in the day and spit out at night.
It's commuter time,I will go.要下班了，我要走了。
instantaneously adv.即刻地
instant noodles 方便面，快餐面
in no time快，很快
I will come in no time.我馬上回來。
sermonn布道
preach a sermon by a priest牧師布道
▲profoundly adv深刻地
profound theory深?yuàn)W的理論
bid for Olympics申奧
profound sleep死睡/sleep like a log睡得像豬/eat like a dog
This is about civilization and industry.That is the association between industry and civilization.
Each civilization is born( 產(chǎn)生), it culminates, and it decays①. There is a widespread testimony that this ominous（ominous
不吉祥地） fact is due to② inherent biological defects（biological defect 生物地缺陷，指前文中的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、滅亡的過程） in
the crowded life of cities③. Now, slowly and at first faintly, an opposite tendency④ is showing itself⑤. Better roads and
better vehicles ⑥at first induced the wealthier classes to live on the outskirts of the cities. The urgent need ⑦for
defence had also vanished. This tendency is now spreading rapidly downwards⑧. But a new set of conditions is just showing
itself. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the
immediate suburbs⑨, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations（商業(yè)貿(mào)易）, government, and pleasure in the
centres of the cities. Apart from（除了） the care of children and periods of sheer rest, the active lives （活動(dòng)生活，主要生
活）were spent in the cities. In some ways（在某些方式上而言） the concentration of such activities was even more emphasized,
and the homes were pushed outwards even at the cost of the discomfort （：menace，威脅，不舒適）of commuting. But, if we
examine（探究） the trend of technology during the past generation, the reasons for this concentration（指前文relations 、
government, and pleasure ）are largely disappearing. Still more, the reasons for the choice of sites for cities are also
altering.（下文解釋說明） Mechanical power can be transmitted for hundreds of miles, men can communicate almost
instantaneously by telephone, the chiefs of great organizations can be transported by airplanes, the cinemas can produce
plays in every village, music, speeches, and sermons can be broadcast. Almost every reason for the growth of the cities,
concurrently with the growth of civilization has been profoundly modified.
①例句：A man is born,he culminates/grows up,and he decays/dies.
②due to=becouse of，而due to 多指不好之意
Due to my carelessness/drinking/overspeeding
③本句看試與首句不相關(guān)聯(lián)，但前句中的 civilization 城市生活多半代表了文明的含義，而countryside多有backward（落后）、
supersitious （迷信的），故由前句講到本句的城市生活。
④opposite tendency 相反的傾向，指與城市生活擁擠不堪相反
⑤showing itself 顯露跡象
suggest itself
As time goes on,the adwantage of my sound English is showing itself.隨著時(shí)光流逝，我良好的英語功底終于派上用場(chǎng)了！
⑥vehide(in Britain)/lorry or motocar,automobile(in America)
induce 歸納 from every point to the center
induced=attracted
outskirts:it is only within the city but actually it is outer city
⑦urgent need迫切需求,指人們開始搬到市郊居住，使得城市的應(yīng)急防護(hù)就顯得不必要了
⑧downwards向下轉(zhuǎn)移
I am homeward.我朝家里走去。
I am schoolward.我上學(xué)去。
I am eastward.我向東走去
I am restaurantward.我吃飯去。
I am bridgeward.我向橋上走去。
I am bookstoreward.我買書去。
⑨ city－outskirts-suburb：expansion outward向外擴(kuò)展
immediate:近的，接近的
immediate goal近期目標(biāo)
long term goal長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)
immediate boss頂頭上司
concentrate集中，若后接抽象內(nèi)容則需加on，具體事物則不必。
concentrate on my studies集中學(xué)習(xí)
Each civilization is born, it culminates, and it decays. There is a widespread estimony that this ominous fact is due to inherent biological defects in the crowded life of cities. Now, slowly and at first faintly, an opposite tendency is showing itself. Better roads and better vehicles at first induced the wealthier classes to live on the outskirts of the cities. The urgent need for defence had also vanished. This tendency is now spreading rapidly downwards. But a new set of conditions is just showing itself. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centres of the cities. Apart from the care of children and periods of sheer rest, the active lives were spent in the cities.
In some ways the concentration of such activities was even more emphasized, and the homes were pushed outwards even at the cost of the discomfort of commuting. But, if we examine the trend of technology during the past generation, the reasons for this concentration are largely disappearing. Still more, the reasons for the choice of sites for cities are also altering.
Mechanical power can be transmitted for hundreds of miles, men can communicate almost instantaneously by telephone, the chiefs of great organizations can be transported by airplanes, the cinemas can produce plays in every village, music, speeches, and sermons can be broadcast. Almost every reason for the growth of the cities,concurrently with the growth of civilization has been profoundly modified.
Ⅰ、words
▲culminate vi.鼎盛，達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)
n.culmination n.（頂點(diǎn),多用做抽象意義）/summit n.頂峰/peak/top
He reaches/attains the culmination in his thirties.他三十歲達(dá)到了頂峰。
His efforts culminate in his success.他的努力終于使他成功了。（culmite＝lead to
His efforts culminate in the prosperity of his family.
His efforts culminate in failure.他的努力付諸東流。
His excessive drinking culminates in his moral degeneration/decay.他的過度飲酒導(dǎo)致他道德敗壞
mend one's morals改過自新
decayvt 衰亡，腐爛 同義詞：rot見第二課
My health decays.我的身體江河日下。
Tooth decays.牙齒咬不動(dòng)?xùn)|西了。
testimony n 證據(jù)=evidence testmen n.證人 testify v.
Bear/produce the testimony to his innocence.我證明他無罪。
oral證詞/verbal證詞/ material物證
▲inherent adj固有的
the sloth that inherent in him天生的懶惰
inbred 天生的 inbuilt嵌入的 ingrain 根深蒂固的 deep－rooted根深蒂固的
faintly adv不明顯的
faint微弱的
The light is so faint.光線太暗。
I fainted.我暈了過去。
tendency n傾向
I have the tendency to shop.我是個(gè)購物狂。
I have the tendency to smoke/read.我是個(gè)煙鬼/書迷
trend潮流/inclination（自己的）傾向 /current潮流（更常用）
vanish vi消失見26課
▲a set of 一批后只跟sth不跟sb
a set of rules一系列規(guī)則/a set of equipmeng一套設(shè)備/a set of furniture一套家具/a set of short stories短篇小說集
▲sheeradj純粹的
sheer brandy純白蘭地/sheer liar大騙子/sheer rubbish一派胡言
emphasize vt強(qiáng)調(diào) n.emphasis
place/lay/put emphsis……on
We have to place emphasis on construction of civilization.我們要加強(qiáng)文明建設(shè)。
同義詞：underline/spotlight
at the cost of 以……位代價(jià)＝at the ptice of =sactifice v.犧牲，n牲
I learn English at the cost of my holidays.
▲commute adv即刻地 n.commuter 通勤者/commuter time/rush hour上下班時(shí)間
There is a New York or commuters devoured by locusts in the day and spit out at night.
It's commuter time,I will go.要下班了，我要走了。
instantaneously adv.即刻地
instant noodles 方便面，快餐面
in no time快，很快
I will come in no time.我馬上回來。
sermonn布道
preach a sermon by a priest牧師布道
▲profoundly adv深刻地
profound theory深?yuàn)W的理論
bid for Olympics申奧
profound sleep死睡/sleep like a log睡得像豬/eat like a dog
This is about civilization and industry.That is the association between industry and civilization.
Each civilization is born( 產(chǎn)生), it culminates, and it decays①. There is a widespread testimony that this ominous（ominous
不吉祥地） fact is due to② inherent biological defects（biological defect 生物地缺陷，指前文中的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展、滅亡的過程） in
the crowded life of cities③. Now, slowly and at first faintly, an opposite tendency④ is showing itself⑤. Better roads and
better vehicles ⑥at first induced the wealthier classes to live on the outskirts of the cities. The urgent need ⑦for
defence had also vanished. This tendency is now spreading rapidly downwards⑧. But a new set of conditions is just showing
itself. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the
immediate suburbs⑨, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations（商業(yè)貿(mào)易）, government, and pleasure in the
centres of the cities. Apart from（除了） the care of children and periods of sheer rest, the active lives （活動(dòng)生活，主要生
活）were spent in the cities. In some ways（在某些方式上而言） the concentration of such activities was even more emphasized,
and the homes were pushed outwards even at the cost of the discomfort （：menace，威脅，不舒適）of commuting. But, if we
examine（探究） the trend of technology during the past generation, the reasons for this concentration（指前文relations 、
government, and pleasure ）are largely disappearing. Still more, the reasons for the choice of sites for cities are also
altering.（下文解釋說明） Mechanical power can be transmitted for hundreds of miles, men can communicate almost
instantaneously by telephone, the chiefs of great organizations can be transported by airplanes, the cinemas can produce
plays in every village, music, speeches, and sermons can be broadcast. Almost every reason for the growth of the cities,
concurrently with the growth of civilization has been profoundly modified.
①例句：A man is born,he culminates/grows up,and he decays/dies.
②due to=becouse of，而due to 多指不好之意
Due to my carelessness/drinking/overspeeding
③本句看試與首句不相關(guān)聯(lián)，但前句中的 civilization 城市生活多半代表了文明的含義，而countryside多有backward（落后）、
supersitious （迷信的），故由前句講到本句的城市生活。
④opposite tendency 相反的傾向，指與城市生活擁擠不堪相反
⑤showing itself 顯露跡象
suggest itself
As time goes on,the adwantage of my sound English is showing itself.隨著時(shí)光流逝，我良好的英語功底終于派上用場(chǎng)了！
⑥vehide(in Britain)/lorry or motocar,automobile(in America)
induce 歸納 from every point to the center
induced=attracted
outskirts:it is only within the city but actually it is outer city
⑦urgent need迫切需求,指人們開始搬到市郊居住，使得城市的應(yīng)急防護(hù)就顯得不必要了
⑧downwards向下轉(zhuǎn)移
I am homeward.我朝家里走去。
I am schoolward.我上學(xué)去。
I am eastward.我向東走去
I am restaurantward.我吃飯去。
I am bridgeward.我向橋上走去。
I am bookstoreward.我買書去。
⑨ city－outskirts-suburb：expansion outward向外擴(kuò)展
immediate:近的，接近的
immediate goal近期目標(biāo)
long term goal長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)
immediate boss頂頭上司
concentrate集中，若后接抽象內(nèi)容則需加on，具體事物則不必。
concentrate on my studies集中學(xué)習(xí)