1、總論[Introduction]
superior[上]
inferior[下]
Cranial[頭側(cè)]
Caudal[尾側(cè)]
anterior[前]
posterior[后]
ventral[腹側(cè)]
dorsal[背側(cè)]
medial[內(nèi)側(cè)]
lateral[外側(cè)]
internal[內(nèi)]
external[外]
superficial[淺]
profundal[深]
proximal[近側(cè)]
distal[遠(yuǎn)側(cè)]
ulnar[尺側(cè)]
radial[橈側(cè)]
tibial[脛側(cè)]
fibular[腓側(cè)]
2、運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)[locomotor （kinetic） system]
vertebrae[椎骨]
cervical vevtebrae[頸椎]
thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]
lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]
sacrum[骶骨]
sternum[胸骨]
rib[肋骨]
thoracic cage[胸廓]
skull[顱]
frontal bone[額骨]
parietal bone[頂骨]
occipital bone[枕骨]
temporal bone[顳骨]
sphenoid bone[蝶骨]
ethmoid bone[篩骨]
mandible （submaxilla）[下頜骨]
maxilla （supermaxilla）[上頜骨]
nasal bone[鼻骨]
coronal （sagital， lambdoid） suture [冠狀（矢狀，人字）縫]
orbit[眶]
clavicle[鎖骨]
scapula （shoulder blade）[肩胛骨]
sternum （breast bone）[胸骨]
manubrium sterni （presternum）[胸骨柄]
midsternum[胸骨體]
xiphoid[劍突]
humerus[肱骨]
radius[橈骨]
ulna[尺骨]
carpal bone[腕骨]
metacarpal bone [掌骨]
phalanges[指（趾）骨]
hip bone[髖骨]
ilium[髂骨]
ischium [坐骨]
pubis[恥骨]
femur [股骨]
patella[髕骨]
tibia[脛骨]
fibula [腓骨]
articulation[關(guān)節(jié)]
ligament[韌帶]
flexion[屈]
extension[伸]
adduction[收]
abduction[展]
medial rotation[旋內(nèi)]
lateral rotation[旋外]
pronation[旋前]
supination[旋后]
circumductoin[環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)]
vertebral column[脊柱]
intervertebral disc[椎間盤]
temporal-mandibular joint[顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)]
shoulder joint[肩關(guān)節(jié)]
elbow joint[肘關(guān)節(jié)]
radiocarpal joint[肩關(guān)節(jié)]
radiocarpal joint[橈腕關(guān)節(jié)]
pelvis[骨盆]
hip joint[髖關(guān)節(jié)]
knee joint[膝關(guān)節(jié)]
ankle joint[踝關(guān)節(jié)]
muscle [肌肉]
tendon[肌腱]
fascia[筋膜]
tendinous sheath[腱鞘]
trapezius[斜方肌]
latissimus dorsi[背闊肌]
sternocleidomastoid[胸鎖乳突的]
scalenus [斜角肌]
pectoralis major[胸大肌]
intercostales[肋間肌]
diaphragm[膈肌]
inguinal canal[腹股溝管]
masseter[咬肌]
temporalis[顳肌]
deltoid[三角肌]
biceps brachii[肱二頭肌]
triceps brachii[肱三頭肌]
axillary fossa [腑窩]
gluteus maximus[臀大肌]
piriformis[梨狀肌]
sartorius[縫匠肌]
quadriceps femoris[股四頭肌]
triceps surae[小腿三頭肌]
femoral triangle[股三角]
3、內(nèi)臟[Viscera]
viscera[內(nèi)臟]
oral cavity[口腔]
lip[唇]
cheek[頰]
palate[腭]
tooth[牙]
dentes[牙]
tongue[舌]
parotid gland[腮腺]
pharynx[咽]
esophagus[食管]
stomach gaster[胃]
duodenum[十二指腸]
jejunum[空腸]
ileum [回腸]
large intestine[大腸]
caecum[盲腸]
vermiform （appendix）[闌尾]
colon[結(jié)腸]
rectum[直腸]
anal canal[肛管]
dentate line[齒狀線]
anus[肛門]
liver （hepar）[肝]
porta hepatis[肝門]
gallblader[膽囊]
pancreas[胰]
nose[鼻]
nasal cavity[鼻腔]
paranasal sinus[鼻旁竇]
larynx[喉]
laryngeal cavity[喉腔]
vocal cord[聲帶]
trachea[氣管]
bronchi[支氣管]
lung [肺]
pulmonary[肺的]
pleura[胸膜]
mediastinum[縱隔]
kidney[腎]
renal pilvis[腎盂]
ureter[輸尿管]
urinary bladder[膀胱]
urethra[尿道]
testis[睪丸]
epididymis[附睪]
ductus deferens[輸精管]
spermatic cord[精索]
prostate[前列腺]
scrotum[陰囊]
penis[陰莖]
ovary[卵巢]
uterine tube[輸卵管]
uterus[子宮]
vagina[陰道]
clitoris[陰蒂]
mamma （breast）[*]
mammary papilla （nipple）[*]
perineum[會(huì)陰]
pelvic diaphragm[盆膈]
peritoneum[腹膜]
omentum[網(wǎng)膜]
4、心血管系統(tǒng)[Cardiovascular system]
heart[心]
artery[動(dòng)脈]
vein[靜脈]
capillary[毛細(xì)血管]
atrium[心房]
ventricle[心室]
tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]
bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]
aortic valve[主動(dòng)脈瓣]
pulmonary valve[肺動(dòng)脈瓣]
sinuatrial node[竇房結(jié)]
atrioventricular node[房室結(jié)]
atrioventricular bundle[房室束]
right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]
coronary artery[冠狀動(dòng)脈]
coronary sinus[冠狀竇]
pericardium[心包]
aorta[主動(dòng)脈]
innominate artery[無名動(dòng)脈（頭臂干）]
common carotid artery[頸總動(dòng)脈]
carotid sinus [頸動(dòng)脈竇]
internal（external） carotid artery[頸內(nèi)（外）動(dòng)脈]
facial artery[面動(dòng)脈]
subclavian artery[鎖骨下動(dòng)脈]
mesenteric artery[腸系膜動(dòng)脈]
common iliac artery[髂總動(dòng)脈]
popliteal artery [腘動(dòng)脈]
vena cava [腔靜脈]
internal jugular vein[頸內(nèi)靜脈]
cephalic vein[頭靜脈]
basilic vein[貴要靜脈]
saphenous vein[隱靜脈]
lymphatic duct[淋巴導(dǎo)管]
thoracic duct[胸導(dǎo)管]
lymph node[淋巴結(jié)]
spleen[脾]
thymus[胸腺]
5、感覺器[sense organs]
sensory organ[感覺器]
receptor[感受器]
visual organ[視器]
eyeball [眼球]
cornea[角膜]
sclera[鞏膜]
choroid [脈絡(luò)膜]
ciliary body[睫狀體]
iris[虹膜]
retina[視網(wǎng)膜]
optic disc[視神經(jīng)盤]
macula lutea[黃斑]
aqueous humor[房水]
lens[晶狀體]
vitreous body[玻璃體]
eyelid [眼瞼]
conjunctiva[結(jié)膜]
lacrimal gland[淚腺]
vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蝸器]
ear（ auris） [耳]
auricle[耳廓]
acoustic meatus[耳道]
tympanic cavity[鼓室]
tympanic membrane[鼓膜]
pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管]
bony（membranous） labyrinth[骨（膜）迷路]
vestibule [前庭]
semicircular canal[半規(guī)管]
cochlea[耳蝸]
cochlear duct[蝸管]
olfactory organ[嗅器]
gustatory organ[味器]
taste bud[味蕾]
skin[皮膚]
6、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)[Nervous system]
central nervous system[中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)]
peripheral nervous system[周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)]
visceral nerve[內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)醫(yī)學(xué)教.育網(wǎng)搜集]
afferent nerve[傳入神經(jīng)]
efferent nerve[傳出神經(jīng)]
neuron[神經(jīng)元]
axon [軸突]
dendrite[樹突]
glia [神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)]
gray matter [灰質(zhì)]
white matter[白質(zhì)]
cortex[皮質(zhì)]
madulla[髓質(zhì)]
nucleus[神經(jīng)質(zhì)]
ganglion[神經(jīng)節(jié)]
fasciculus[神經(jīng)束]
nerve[神經(jīng)]
spinal nerve[脊神經(jīng)]
cervical plexus[頸叢]
brachial plexus[臂叢]
lumbar plexus[腰叢]
sacral plexus [骶叢]
phrenic nerve[膈神經(jīng)]
median nerve[正中神經(jīng)]
ulnar nerve[尺神經(jīng)]
radial nerve[橈神經(jīng)]
femoral nerve[股神經(jīng)]
ischiatic nerve[坐骨神經(jīng)]
common peroneal nerve[腓總神經(jīng)]
cranial nerve[顱（腦）神經(jīng)]
olfactory nerve[嗅神經(jīng)]
optic nerve[視神經(jīng)]
oculomotor nerve[動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)]
trochlear nerve[滑車神經(jīng)]
trigeminal verve[三叉神經(jīng)]
abducent nerve[展神經(jīng)]
facial nerve[面神經(jīng)]
vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蝸神經(jīng)]
glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神經(jīng)]
vagus nerve[迷走神經(jīng)]
accessary nerve[副神經(jīng)]
hypoglossal nerve[舌下神經(jīng)]
autonomic nervous system[自主神經(jīng)]
vegetative nervous system[植物神經(jīng)]
sympathetic nerve[交感神經(jīng)]
parasympathetic nerve[副交感神經(jīng)]
spinal cord[脊髓]
encephalon （brain）[腦]
brain stem[腦干]
medulla oblongata[延髓]
pons [腦橋]
mesencephalon[中腦]
midbrain[中腦]
cerebellum[小腦]
diencephalon[間腦]
thalamus[丘腦]
hypothalamus[下丘腦]
hypophysis[垂體]
telencephalon[端腦]
cerebrum[大腦]
cerebral cortex[大腦皮質(zhì)]
corpus striatum[紋狀體]
internal capsule[內(nèi)囊]
spinothalamic tract[皮質(zhì)脊髓束]
medial lemniscus[內(nèi)側(cè)丘系]
lateral lemniscus[外側(cè)丘系]
spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]
trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]
7、體表標(biāo)記[Anatomic marks]
naso-labial groove[鼻唇溝]
suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窩]
supraclavicular fossa[鎖骨上窩]
infraclavicular fossa[鎖骨下窩]
armpit （axillary fossa）[腋窩]
midsternal （midian） line[胸骨中線（正中線）]
anterior midian line[前正中線]
parasternal line[胸骨旁線]
midclavicular line[鎖骨中線]
mammillary （nipple， milk） line[乳線]
posterior （mid-， anterior） axillary line[腋后（中，前）線]
scapular line[肩胛線]
midspinal line[脊柱中線]
dorsomedian line[后正中線]
linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁線]
the left （right） upper abdomen （quadrant）[左（右）上腹]
epigastrium[上腹部]
the middle abdomen[中腹部]
the lower abdomen[下腹部]
linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁線]
anterior superior spine[髂前上棘]
symphysis pubis （symphysion）[恥骨聯(lián)合]
ischial tuberosity[坐骨結(jié)節(jié)]
groin （inguen）[腹股溝]
popliteal fossa[腘窩]
upper extremity（limb）[上肢]
lower extremity（limb）[下肢]
posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴]
anterior （dorsal） part of chest（前（后）胸部）
scapular region[肩胛區(qū)]
anterior （posterior） fontanelle[前（后）囪]
superior[上]
inferior[下]
Cranial[頭側(cè)]
Caudal[尾側(cè)]
anterior[前]
posterior[后]
ventral[腹側(cè)]
dorsal[背側(cè)]
medial[內(nèi)側(cè)]
lateral[外側(cè)]
internal[內(nèi)]
external[外]
superficial[淺]
profundal[深]
proximal[近側(cè)]
distal[遠(yuǎn)側(cè)]
ulnar[尺側(cè)]
radial[橈側(cè)]
tibial[脛側(cè)]
fibular[腓側(cè)]
2、運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)[locomotor （kinetic） system]
vertebrae[椎骨]
cervical vevtebrae[頸椎]
thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]
lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]
sacrum[骶骨]
sternum[胸骨]
rib[肋骨]
thoracic cage[胸廓]
skull[顱]
frontal bone[額骨]
parietal bone[頂骨]
occipital bone[枕骨]
temporal bone[顳骨]
sphenoid bone[蝶骨]
ethmoid bone[篩骨]
mandible （submaxilla）[下頜骨]
maxilla （supermaxilla）[上頜骨]
nasal bone[鼻骨]
coronal （sagital， lambdoid） suture [冠狀（矢狀，人字）縫]
orbit[眶]
clavicle[鎖骨]
scapula （shoulder blade）[肩胛骨]
sternum （breast bone）[胸骨]
manubrium sterni （presternum）[胸骨柄]
midsternum[胸骨體]
xiphoid[劍突]
humerus[肱骨]
radius[橈骨]
ulna[尺骨]
carpal bone[腕骨]
metacarpal bone [掌骨]
phalanges[指（趾）骨]
hip bone[髖骨]
ilium[髂骨]
ischium [坐骨]
pubis[恥骨]
femur [股骨]
patella[髕骨]
tibia[脛骨]
fibula [腓骨]
articulation[關(guān)節(jié)]
ligament[韌帶]
flexion[屈]
extension[伸]
adduction[收]
abduction[展]
medial rotation[旋內(nèi)]
lateral rotation[旋外]
pronation[旋前]
supination[旋后]
circumductoin[環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)]
vertebral column[脊柱]
intervertebral disc[椎間盤]
temporal-mandibular joint[顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)]
shoulder joint[肩關(guān)節(jié)]
elbow joint[肘關(guān)節(jié)]
radiocarpal joint[肩關(guān)節(jié)]
radiocarpal joint[橈腕關(guān)節(jié)]
pelvis[骨盆]
hip joint[髖關(guān)節(jié)]
knee joint[膝關(guān)節(jié)]
ankle joint[踝關(guān)節(jié)]
muscle [肌肉]
tendon[肌腱]
fascia[筋膜]
tendinous sheath[腱鞘]
trapezius[斜方肌]
latissimus dorsi[背闊肌]
sternocleidomastoid[胸鎖乳突的]
scalenus [斜角肌]
pectoralis major[胸大肌]
intercostales[肋間肌]
diaphragm[膈肌]
inguinal canal[腹股溝管]
masseter[咬肌]
temporalis[顳肌]
deltoid[三角肌]
biceps brachii[肱二頭肌]
triceps brachii[肱三頭肌]
axillary fossa [腑窩]
gluteus maximus[臀大肌]
piriformis[梨狀肌]
sartorius[縫匠肌]
quadriceps femoris[股四頭肌]
triceps surae[小腿三頭肌]
femoral triangle[股三角]
3、內(nèi)臟[Viscera]
viscera[內(nèi)臟]
oral cavity[口腔]
lip[唇]
cheek[頰]
palate[腭]
tooth[牙]
dentes[牙]
tongue[舌]
parotid gland[腮腺]
pharynx[咽]
esophagus[食管]
stomach gaster[胃]
duodenum[十二指腸]
jejunum[空腸]
ileum [回腸]
large intestine[大腸]
caecum[盲腸]
vermiform （appendix）[闌尾]
colon[結(jié)腸]
rectum[直腸]
anal canal[肛管]
dentate line[齒狀線]
anus[肛門]
liver （hepar）[肝]
porta hepatis[肝門]
gallblader[膽囊]
pancreas[胰]
nose[鼻]
nasal cavity[鼻腔]
paranasal sinus[鼻旁竇]
larynx[喉]
laryngeal cavity[喉腔]
vocal cord[聲帶]
trachea[氣管]
bronchi[支氣管]
lung [肺]
pulmonary[肺的]
pleura[胸膜]
mediastinum[縱隔]
kidney[腎]
renal pilvis[腎盂]
ureter[輸尿管]
urinary bladder[膀胱]
urethra[尿道]
testis[睪丸]
epididymis[附睪]
ductus deferens[輸精管]
spermatic cord[精索]
prostate[前列腺]
scrotum[陰囊]
penis[陰莖]
ovary[卵巢]
uterine tube[輸卵管]
uterus[子宮]
vagina[陰道]
clitoris[陰蒂]
mamma （breast）[*]
mammary papilla （nipple）[*]
perineum[會(huì)陰]
pelvic diaphragm[盆膈]
peritoneum[腹膜]
omentum[網(wǎng)膜]
4、心血管系統(tǒng)[Cardiovascular system]
heart[心]
artery[動(dòng)脈]
vein[靜脈]
capillary[毛細(xì)血管]
atrium[心房]
ventricle[心室]
tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]
bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]
aortic valve[主動(dòng)脈瓣]
pulmonary valve[肺動(dòng)脈瓣]
sinuatrial node[竇房結(jié)]
atrioventricular node[房室結(jié)]
atrioventricular bundle[房室束]
right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]
coronary artery[冠狀動(dòng)脈]
coronary sinus[冠狀竇]
pericardium[心包]
aorta[主動(dòng)脈]
innominate artery[無名動(dòng)脈（頭臂干）]
common carotid artery[頸總動(dòng)脈]
carotid sinus [頸動(dòng)脈竇]
internal（external） carotid artery[頸內(nèi)（外）動(dòng)脈]
facial artery[面動(dòng)脈]
subclavian artery[鎖骨下動(dòng)脈]
mesenteric artery[腸系膜動(dòng)脈]
common iliac artery[髂總動(dòng)脈]
popliteal artery [腘動(dòng)脈]
vena cava [腔靜脈]
internal jugular vein[頸內(nèi)靜脈]
cephalic vein[頭靜脈]
basilic vein[貴要靜脈]
saphenous vein[隱靜脈]
lymphatic duct[淋巴導(dǎo)管]
thoracic duct[胸導(dǎo)管]
lymph node[淋巴結(jié)]
spleen[脾]
thymus[胸腺]
5、感覺器[sense organs]
sensory organ[感覺器]
receptor[感受器]
visual organ[視器]
eyeball [眼球]
cornea[角膜]
sclera[鞏膜]
choroid [脈絡(luò)膜]
ciliary body[睫狀體]
iris[虹膜]
retina[視網(wǎng)膜]
optic disc[視神經(jīng)盤]
macula lutea[黃斑]
aqueous humor[房水]
lens[晶狀體]
vitreous body[玻璃體]
eyelid [眼瞼]
conjunctiva[結(jié)膜]
lacrimal gland[淚腺]
vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蝸器]
ear（ auris） [耳]
auricle[耳廓]
acoustic meatus[耳道]
tympanic cavity[鼓室]
tympanic membrane[鼓膜]
pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管]
bony（membranous） labyrinth[骨（膜）迷路]
vestibule [前庭]
semicircular canal[半規(guī)管]
cochlea[耳蝸]
cochlear duct[蝸管]
olfactory organ[嗅器]
gustatory organ[味器]
taste bud[味蕾]
skin[皮膚]
6、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)[Nervous system]
central nervous system[中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)]
peripheral nervous system[周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)]
visceral nerve[內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)醫(yī)學(xué)教.育網(wǎng)搜集]
afferent nerve[傳入神經(jīng)]
efferent nerve[傳出神經(jīng)]
neuron[神經(jīng)元]
axon [軸突]
dendrite[樹突]
glia [神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)]
gray matter [灰質(zhì)]
white matter[白質(zhì)]
cortex[皮質(zhì)]
madulla[髓質(zhì)]
nucleus[神經(jīng)質(zhì)]
ganglion[神經(jīng)節(jié)]
fasciculus[神經(jīng)束]
nerve[神經(jīng)]
spinal nerve[脊神經(jīng)]
cervical plexus[頸叢]
brachial plexus[臂叢]
lumbar plexus[腰叢]
sacral plexus [骶叢]
phrenic nerve[膈神經(jīng)]
median nerve[正中神經(jīng)]
ulnar nerve[尺神經(jīng)]
radial nerve[橈神經(jīng)]
femoral nerve[股神經(jīng)]
ischiatic nerve[坐骨神經(jīng)]
common peroneal nerve[腓總神經(jīng)]
cranial nerve[顱（腦）神經(jīng)]
olfactory nerve[嗅神經(jīng)]
optic nerve[視神經(jīng)]
oculomotor nerve[動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)]
trochlear nerve[滑車神經(jīng)]
trigeminal verve[三叉神經(jīng)]
abducent nerve[展神經(jīng)]
facial nerve[面神經(jīng)]
vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蝸神經(jīng)]
glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神經(jīng)]
vagus nerve[迷走神經(jīng)]
accessary nerve[副神經(jīng)]
hypoglossal nerve[舌下神經(jīng)]
autonomic nervous system[自主神經(jīng)]
vegetative nervous system[植物神經(jīng)]
sympathetic nerve[交感神經(jīng)]
parasympathetic nerve[副交感神經(jīng)]
spinal cord[脊髓]
encephalon （brain）[腦]
brain stem[腦干]
medulla oblongata[延髓]
pons [腦橋]
mesencephalon[中腦]
midbrain[中腦]
cerebellum[小腦]
diencephalon[間腦]
thalamus[丘腦]
hypothalamus[下丘腦]
hypophysis[垂體]
telencephalon[端腦]
cerebrum[大腦]
cerebral cortex[大腦皮質(zhì)]
corpus striatum[紋狀體]
internal capsule[內(nèi)囊]
spinothalamic tract[皮質(zhì)脊髓束]
medial lemniscus[內(nèi)側(cè)丘系]
lateral lemniscus[外側(cè)丘系]
spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]
trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]
7、體表標(biāo)記[Anatomic marks]
naso-labial groove[鼻唇溝]
suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窩]
supraclavicular fossa[鎖骨上窩]
infraclavicular fossa[鎖骨下窩]
armpit （axillary fossa）[腋窩]
midsternal （midian） line[胸骨中線（正中線）]
anterior midian line[前正中線]
parasternal line[胸骨旁線]
midclavicular line[鎖骨中線]
mammillary （nipple， milk） line[乳線]
posterior （mid-， anterior） axillary line[腋后（中，前）線]
scapular line[肩胛線]
midspinal line[脊柱中線]
dorsomedian line[后正中線]
linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁線]
the left （right） upper abdomen （quadrant）[左（右）上腹]
epigastrium[上腹部]
the middle abdomen[中腹部]
the lower abdomen[下腹部]
linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁線]
anterior superior spine[髂前上棘]
symphysis pubis （symphysion）[恥骨聯(lián)合]
ischial tuberosity[坐骨結(jié)節(jié)]
groin （inguen）[腹股溝]
popliteal fossa[腘窩]
upper extremity（limb）[上肢]
lower extremity（limb）[下肢]
posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴]
anterior （dorsal） part of chest（前（后）胸部）
scapular region[肩胛區(qū)]
anterior （posterior） fontanelle[前（后）囪]