The American Financial System (1)
美國(guó)金融制度(一)
Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States ,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S.
田中巖夫第一次因公出差工到美國(guó)，他正在與美國(guó)的一位銀行家談到美國(guó)金融和貨幣制度。
Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the United States?
田 中：什么是美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)蓄系統(tǒng)?它是美國(guó)的中央銀行嗎?
Banker :Technically it is not ,Mr.Tanaka,but it functions in that capacity .
銀行家：從法律上講，它不是，田中先生。但是它發(fā)揮了那樣的作用。
The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States .
美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)即平常稱之為“聯(lián)邦”的是美國(guó)財(cái)政機(jī)構(gòu)。
It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country ,
它有權(quán)發(fā)行作為國(guó)家主要貨幣的紙幣，
to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country .
有權(quán)控制貨仙的供應(yīng)量，并有權(quán)監(jiān)督國(guó)內(nèi)銀行及銀行業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。
T;It's owned by the government ,isn't it ?
田 中：它屬于政府所有，是嗎?
B:No ,it isn't .Actually ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationally chartered banks in their respective districts.
銀行家：不是的。實(shí)際上，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)包括十二家銀行，這些銀行都是由所在地區(qū)的國(guó)家立案銀行掌握所有權(quán)。
But the supervisory board ,called the Board of Governors,is a government agency responsible to the Congress.
但是他被稱為“總裁理事會(huì)”的具有監(jiān)督作用的理事會(huì)是一個(gè)政府機(jī)構(gòu)，它向國(guó)會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)。
T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don't all banks have to have charters?
田 中：您所說的國(guó)家立案的銀行是什么意思?難道不是所有的銀行都必須立案嗎?
B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business .But we have a dual banking system here in the United States.
銀行家：是的，每個(gè)銀行都必須立案或者得到準(zhǔn)許證才能營(yíng)業(yè)。但是在美國(guó)，我們這里實(shí)行的是雙重銀行體制，
That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states.
就是說，有些銀行是由聯(lián)邦政府簽發(fā)的準(zhǔn)許證，而有些則是各個(gè)州簽發(fā)的。
There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country .
在美國(guó)大約有5000所國(guó)立銀行和10000所州立銀行。
T:Are they all supervised by the Fed?
田 中：這些銀行受美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)監(jiān)督嗎?
B:Only the national banks are .
銀行家：不，只有國(guó)立銀行是這樣的。
美國(guó)金融制度(一)
Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States ,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S.
田中巖夫第一次因公出差工到美國(guó)，他正在與美國(guó)的一位銀行家談到美國(guó)金融和貨幣制度。
Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the United States?
田 中：什么是美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)蓄系統(tǒng)?它是美國(guó)的中央銀行嗎?
Banker :Technically it is not ,Mr.Tanaka,but it functions in that capacity .
銀行家：從法律上講，它不是，田中先生。但是它發(fā)揮了那樣的作用。
The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States .
美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)即平常稱之為“聯(lián)邦”的是美國(guó)財(cái)政機(jī)構(gòu)。
It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country ,
它有權(quán)發(fā)行作為國(guó)家主要貨幣的紙幣，
to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country .
有權(quán)控制貨仙的供應(yīng)量，并有權(quán)監(jiān)督國(guó)內(nèi)銀行及銀行業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)。
T;It's owned by the government ,isn't it ?
田 中：它屬于政府所有，是嗎?
B:No ,it isn't .Actually ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationally chartered banks in their respective districts.
銀行家：不是的。實(shí)際上，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)包括十二家銀行，這些銀行都是由所在地區(qū)的國(guó)家立案銀行掌握所有權(quán)。
But the supervisory board ,called the Board of Governors,is a government agency responsible to the Congress.
但是他被稱為“總裁理事會(huì)”的具有監(jiān)督作用的理事會(huì)是一個(gè)政府機(jī)構(gòu)，它向國(guó)會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)。
T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don't all banks have to have charters?
田 中：您所說的國(guó)家立案的銀行是什么意思?難道不是所有的銀行都必須立案嗎?
B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business .But we have a dual banking system here in the United States.
銀行家：是的，每個(gè)銀行都必須立案或者得到準(zhǔn)許證才能營(yíng)業(yè)。但是在美國(guó)，我們這里實(shí)行的是雙重銀行體制，
That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states.
就是說，有些銀行是由聯(lián)邦政府簽發(fā)的準(zhǔn)許證，而有些則是各個(gè)州簽發(fā)的。
There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country .
在美國(guó)大約有5000所國(guó)立銀行和10000所州立銀行。
T:Are they all supervised by the Fed?
田 中：這些銀行受美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備系統(tǒng)監(jiān)督嗎?
B:Only the national banks are .
銀行家：不，只有國(guó)立銀行是這樣的。