第一冊(cè)新概念英語(yǔ)第1-60課語(yǔ)法

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代詞用法總結(jié) 典型例句及用法: Ilike basketball.(人稱代詞的主格做主語(yǔ)) It’s me(表語(yǔ)). /He likes me(賓語(yǔ)).(人稱代詞的賓格做表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)) Thisis my book. (形容詞性物主代詞后面必須接名詞) Thisbook is mine.(名詞性物主代詞后面決不可加名詞) 特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)句是就句中某一部分提問(wèn)的疑問(wèn)句。它的構(gòu)成是:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)。讀的時(shí)候用降調(diào)。特殊疑問(wèn)句與一般疑問(wèn)句的區(qū)別在于:特殊疑問(wèn)句不可以用yes或no來(lái)回答,一般疑問(wèn)句則用yes或no來(lái)回答。比如:What make is it? 它是什么牌子的?回答是:It is Toyota. 它是豐田。 而不可以說(shuō):Yes, it is Toyota. 常用的特殊疑問(wèn)詞有: 疑問(wèn)代詞:what什么,who誰(shuí),which哪個(gè)人/哪件事,whose誰(shuí)的,whom誰(shuí)。 疑問(wèn)副詞:when何時(shí),where何地,why為什么,how如何,how much多少,howmany多少,how long多久,how old多大年紀(jì),how far多遠(yuǎn),how big多大 疑問(wèn)形容詞:what ,which ,whose+名詞 Eg: Whois there? 誰(shuí)在那兒? Whichbook is his? 哪本書(shū)是他的? What ishis father? 他父親是干什么的? Whose bagis that? 那是誰(shuí)的包? How oldare you? 你多大年紀(jì)了? 祈使句 1. 表命令,請(qǐng)求,叮囑的句子叫做祈使句。它通常省略主語(yǔ),以動(dòng)詞原形直接開(kāi)頭。 Eg:Come with me, please. Stand up,please. Open thewindow, please! 2. 祈使句便否定形式是在祈使句的開(kāi)頭加Don’t。 Eg:Don’t talk to me like that. Don’t worry. Don’t swim in the river. 3. 祈使句的句前或句末常常加上please,以使語(yǔ)氣更加緩和,客氣。 Eg:Open the door, please! Pleasecome this way. Be quiet! 定冠詞the的用法 1. 特指雙方都明白的人和物: The cookis in the kitchen. She isthe nurse. 2. 上文提到過(guò)的人或事: There isa coat on the bed. The coat is Anne’s. There isa bottle in the refrigerator. The bottle is empty. 3. 指世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物: The sunis very bright. The sky is blue. The moonis round and full. The earth is my home. some 和any的用法 some和any都有“一些”的含義,都能修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,但用法卻大有不同。 1. some一般用在肯定句中。比如: There aresome girls in the classroom. He hassome good friends. 2.some有時(shí)也用于疑問(wèn)句,表示期望得到肯定回答,并表示對(duì)某事有疑問(wèn)。比如: Canyou give me some milk? 3.any一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。比如: Arethere any maps on the wall? Therearen’t any trees behind the house. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 1.There be句式表示“有”時(shí),它表示一種存在關(guān)系,通常帶有一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),意為“在某處或某時(shí)有…”。比如: Thereis a blackboard in the classroom. Thereare two empty bottles on the desk. 2.該句式中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞:be后面的名詞是單數(shù),be動(dòng)詞就用is,be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞就用are。比如: Thereis a smart boy in the room. Thereare three red apples on the table. 3.如果該句式的主語(yǔ)是由幾個(gè)名詞并列構(gòu)成,則按就近原則處理,即與靠近be動(dòng)詞的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。比如: Thereis a book, a dictionary and two pens on the desk. Thereare two pens, a book and a dictionary on the desk. 4.There be句式變疑問(wèn)句時(shí),只需要把be動(dòng)詞提到there的前面久可以了。比如: Isthere a policeman in the room? Yes,there is. / No, there isn’t. 5.There be句式邊否定時(shí),只需要在be動(dòng)詞后面加not即可。比如: Thereis not an ice cream in the box. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.什么時(shí)候用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)? ① 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。比如: She is drinking milk now. ② 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行二說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。比如: Iam knitting a sweater for my husband. ③ 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,尤其是在最近按計(jì)劃安排好要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。這種用法的動(dòng)詞主要限于come,go,leave,start,arrive等動(dòng)詞。比如: Theyare going to Shanghai on Friday. Iam coming now. 2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)部分是怎么構(gòu)成的? am/is / are + 現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing) 3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常和哪些副詞連用? 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now,at themoment(此時(shí)此刻),always,continually或者constantly等副詞連用,表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。比如: She is making the bed now. 4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子如何變否定句? 在句子的“be”動(dòng)詞后面加“not”可把句子變?yōu)榉穸ň洹?Weare not talking in the living room. Heis not sleeping on the bed. 5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子如何邊疑問(wèn)句? 將句子的“be”動(dòng)詞大寫提前,可以吧句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句。比如: Isshe running after her boss? Arethey eating dinner at the table? 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 1.什么時(shí)候用be going to 構(gòu)成的一般將來(lái)時(shí)? ① 事先進(jìn)過(guò)考慮,安排近期要做的事情。比如: Theyare going to the park this weekend. ② 根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷某事非常有可能發(fā)生。比如: Whatbad weather! It is going to snow tomorrow. 2.常與be going to搭配的時(shí)間副詞或者詞組有哪些? begoing to 常常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間愛(ài)你信息詞如this afternoon, tomorrow, theday afrer tomorrow以及next系列時(shí)間短語(yǔ)等連用。 3.be going to 句型變化有哪些? ① be going to 的否定式是在助詞be后加not,即:主語(yǔ) + be + not + going to + do + ….比如: Peteris not going to make a model ship. ② be going to 的疑問(wèn)式是把助動(dòng)詞be移到句首,即:be + 主語(yǔ)+ going to + do + …?比如: Areyou going to mend his chair soon? Yes,I am. / No, I am mot. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1.什么時(shí)候用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)? ① 表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。比如: Iget up early every day. Ileave home for school at 7 every morning. ② 表示客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。 Thesun rises in the east. Thereare 24 hours in a day. 2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成: 肯定句:主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞…(主語(yǔ)第三人稱單數(shù)) He/She /It + 動(dòng)詞-s/-es + 動(dòng)詞… 否定句:主語(yǔ) + do not(= don’t) + 動(dòng)詞… 主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))+ does not(= doesn’t)+ 動(dòng)詞… 疑問(wèn)句:Do + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞…? Does+ 主語(yǔ)(第三人人稱單數(shù))+ 動(dòng)詞…? Idon’t get up early every day. Doeshe get up early every day? 3.常常跟一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, onSunday. 比如: Shegets up at six every day. Wegot there once a week.